Necrobiotic Changes Research Articles

Structural changes in uterine tissues after uterine artery embolization in patients with leiomyoma complicated by uterine bleeding

Uterine leiomyoma (UL) is often complicated by the development of uterine bleeding. In urgent gynecology for the implementation of endovascular hemostasis, uterine artery embolization (UAE) is used. Performing UAE allows to stop and/or significantly reduce the intensity of bleeding and prepare a patient for surgical intervention. At the same time, the morphological changes that occur in uterine tissues in operated UL patients after performing the UAE are not studied. The aim was to study the peculiarities of pathomorphological changes in uterine tumors and tissues in operated UL patients complicated by uterine bleeding after performing UAE. Material and methods. The results of morphological changes appearing in tumors and tissues of the uterus in 39 operated UL patients, who were used for stopping uterine bleeding, were analyzed. Results. After applying different types of embolizing agents in macroscopic study of the uterus, signs of ischemia of its tissues were revealed, and the most pronounced disorders were detected in the UL nodes. Morphologically it was established that UAE microemboli resulted in vessel occlusion with increasing thrombosis in their distal sections. UAE was not accompanied by occlusal occlusion of the arteries and resulted in small-scale necrosis of the tumor with complete regeneration of the endometrium. Conclusions. The results of the morphological study showed that after the UAE was performed, the myomatous nodes underwent dystrophic, necrobiotic and necrotic changes. Depending on the nature of occlusion of the uterine arteries, various variants of necrosis (scale and completeness of the process) developed in the tumor tissue, which was aseptic in nature.

Immunobiological and morphofunctional indicators with dysbacteriosis of the intestine of rabbits

The article presents results of research of dynamics of morphological, biochemical, haematological and immunological parameters when changing the quantity and species of microorganisms of intestinal microbiocenosis of the rabbits. With the dominance of pathogenic bacteria in rabbit intestinal microbiocenoses, the titer of bifidumbacteria was 10-5-10-4, a decrease in the number of lactobacilli, an increase in the number of enterobacteria, a correlation between the colonization index and the degree of adhesion of bacteria was revealed; an increase in the total number of leukocytes, lymphocytes, erythrocytes, hematocrit, alanine aminotransferase level, aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, total bilirubin, -amylase, albumin, alkaline phosphatase, T-killer level, NK cells, concentration of C-reactive protein. We observed a decrease in the concentration of hemoglobin, monocytes, total protein level, T-lymphocytes, T-helpers, B-lymphocytes, phagocytic index, phagocytic activity of leukocytes, NST-spontaneous, NST-stimulated. Dynamics of morphological indicators was characterized by a disorder of the circulation of organs, a predominance of dystrophic and necrotic processes in the tissues and organs of the cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive, excretory system. Infiltration with mononuclear and segmented leukocytes was noted, diffuse lymphoid proliferation of the mucous membranes of the organs, hyperemia, edema, multiple hemorrhages, accumulation of hemorrhagic exudate in the lumen of the respiratory, digestive and urogenital tracts. Observed catarrhal-hemorrhagic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract; mucous membrane of the stomach, small and large intestines edematic, hyperemic, with hemorrhages, covered with mucus, fibrinous films, with necrotic areas. The signs of acute diffuse interstitial nephritis, characterized by proliferation of connective tissue cells with a predominance of lipoblast and epithelioid cells, are revealed. In the presence of bacterial cells in the lumen of the tubules, the parenchyma of the cortical and medullar layers was marked by microabscesses. Accidental transformation of the thymus was observed, characterized by signs of a circulatory disorder, a decrease in the area of the cortex, the formation of cysts; signs of diffuse hyperplasia of the spleen with necrobiotic changes in the foci of proliferation, reduction of the area of lymphoid follicles, expansion of the area occupied by the red pulp of follicles, hyperplasia of follicles of white pulp with foci of necrosis. Identified multiple bacterial embolism of blood vessels, developed signs of hemorrhagic Diathesis, watched the development of sign infiltrative itch processes.

Патоморфоз перевитого рака почки (РА) у лабораторных крыс при введении флавоноидсодержащего экстракта аврана лекарственного (<i>Gratiola officinalis</i> L.)

В эксперименте in vivo исследовали противоопухолевую активность флавоноидсодержащего экстракта цветков и листьев аврана лекарственного при пероральном и внутримышечном введении в дозе 110 мг/кг/сут на протяжении 12 дней. С помощью морфологических и биохимических методов изучено влияние экстракта аврана на опухоль и лейкоцитарную формулу крови лабораторных крыс с перевиваемым раком почки РА. Внутримышечное введение экстракта аврана является наиболее эффективным, и сопровождается замедлением темпов роста опухоли с уменьшением конечного объема опухоли на 40 % по сравнению c размерами опухоли у животных без воздействия экстракта, индекс торможения роста опухоли (ИТРО) составил 73 %. При пероральном введении экстракта аврана отмечали замедление темпов роста опухоли, а к окончанию эксперимента (14 сут) объем опухоли был меньше на 23 %, по сравнению с группой крыс без воздействия, ИТРО составил 71 %. Морфологические изменения в опухолевой ткани более выражены при внутримышечном введении и проявляются выраженными некробиотическими и атрофическими изменениями в клетках (уменьшением размеров ядра и клетки в 1,5 раза), отсутствием пролиферативной активности (индекс пролиферации Ki67 при обоих путях введения — 0, а в группе без воздействия — 0,48, уменьшение количества клеток в поле зрения в 2 раза, p ≤ 0,05), отсутствием митозов и уменьшением экспрессии ядерной РНК, что говорит о блокировке синтетических процессов на уровне ядра. Таким образом, отмечается выраженный патоморфоз рака почки под влиянием экстракта листьев и цветков аврана лекарственного, который наиболее выражен при внутримышечном введении.

Changes in Spinal Cord Motoneurons in Mice after Space Flight

Immunohistochemical methods were used to study the expression of choline acetyltransferase (CAT), 200-kDa neurofilament protein (NF), 28-kDa calbindin (CAB), neuronal NO synthase (nNOS), caspase-3, and Ki-67 in motoneurons in spinal cord segments TIII–TV in male C57/BL6 mice 12 h after completion of 30-day space flights on biosatellite Bion-M1. Controls consisted of mice kept in standard animal-house conditions. The motoneurons of experimental animals showed reactive changes, with increases in motoneuron size, decreases in the numbers in cell subpopulations expressing CAT and NF, increases in the numbers in cell subpopulations containing CAB, the appearance of motoneurons expressing nNOS and caspase-3, and the absence of Ki-67. The absence of proliferating gliocytes and the persistence of the nucleolar component provide evidence of the absence of the necrobiotic changes typical of necrosis. Cytoplasmic vacuolization was seen in motoneurons staining with thionine and immunoreactive for CAB. Degradation of motoneurons into fragments reminiscent of apoptotic bodies was seen in occasional caspase-3-containing cells.

Bromuconazole-induced hepatotoxicity is accompanied by upregulation of PXR/CYP3A1 and downregulation of CAR/CYP2B1 gene expression

Despite widespread use of bromuconazole as a pesticide for food crops and fruits, limited studies have been done to evaluate its toxic effects. Here, we evaluated the hepatotoxic effect of bromuconazole using classical toxicological (biochemical analysis and histopathological examination) and gene-based molecular methods. Male rats were treated either orally or topically with bromuconazole at doses equal to no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) and 1/10 LD50 for 90 d. Bromuconazole increased activities of liver enzymes (ALT, AST, ALP, and ACP), and levels of bilirubin. It also induced hepatic oxidative stress as evidenced by significant decrease in the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), and significant increase in levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) in liver. In addition, bromuconazole caused an increase in liver weights and necrobiotic changes (vacuolation and hepatocellular hypertrophy). It also strongly induced the expression of PXR and its downstream target CYP3A1 gene as well as the activity of CYP3A1. However, it inhibited the expression of CAR and its downstream target CYP2B1 gene without significant changing in CYP2B1 activity. Overall, the oral route showed higher hepatotoxic effect and molecular changes than the dermal route and all changes were dose dependent. This is the first investigation to report that bromuconazole-induced liver oxidative damage is accompanied by upregulation of PXR/CYP3A1 and downregulation of CAR/CYP2B1.

HISTOMORPHOMETRIC CHARACTERISTICS AND PATHOGENIC MECHANISM OF PERONEAL NERVE NEUROPATHY IN EXPERIMENTAL FRACTIONAL LOWER LEG LENGTHENING

Purpose – to study histomorphometric characteristics and pathogenic mechanism of peroneal nerve neuropathy in experimental lower leg lengthening by one millimeter per day in four increments. Methods. The authors performed lengthening of lower leg in 12 adult mongrel dogs at 14-15% of initial length by Ilizarov technique. 28 days after the leg distraction, 30 days after its fixation in the device and 30 days after the Ilizarov fixator dismounting the authors withdrew the animals from the experiment. Peroneal nerve portions were examined using light microscopy, histomorphometry of the full-color images of the giant epoxy semifine sections stained with methylene blue and diamond fuchsin. Results. Planimetric investigation demonstrated 15% decrease (p0.05) in the total area of nerve fiber bundles after distraction confirming transverse contraction of intrafascicular content. Fibrosis, increased cellularity of epineurium as well as the decrease in adipocyte number and size was observed in result of distraction and fixation. Neuropathy of the peroneal nerve was observed in one of the 12 animals – more than 80% of myelinated fibers demonstrated destructive changes, the large arteries of epineurium demonstrated obliterated lumina, part of arteries had necrobiotic changes in the cellular elements of the walls. In the remaining animals the proportion of the transformed myelinated fibers in the experiment time frame amounted to 6.0±1.4%, 4.3±1.3% and 4.2±0.4% (normally: 1.9±0.3%), no marked vascular damage was observed, the number of epineural vascular modules increased up to 6.0±1.5 (contralaterally – up to 4.0±1.6), the number of endoneural microvessels was increased at 35.5%, 10.9% and 38.9% (p0.05) in respect of intact norm (141.8±8.7 per 1 mm2). Reduced proportion of capillaries with open lumina confirmed vasomotion disorder. The changes analysis in the distribution of myelinated fibers by diameter and mean size indicates the distinct axonal atrophy, deand re-myelinaton. The mean diameter of axons and myelin thickness remained respectively 7% and 14% below normal (p0.05) in 30 days after the fixator dismounting. Conclusion. Good structural preservation of the majority of peroneal nerve fibers during leg lengthening in the manual fractural mode is ensured by integrity and hypervascularization of the nerve membranes. Axonal atrophy and hypomyelination observed in part of the fibers is associated with epineurium thinning due to decreased adipocytes content and their size. Histologically documented neuropathy was observed in one case of twelve along with lumina obliteration of main epineural arteries.

Liver hydatid disease: role of computer tomography and morphological changes of liver

Objective. Assess the role of CT in patients with hepatic echinococcosis, and compare them with morphological changes.Materials and methods. The study based on the results of examination and treatment of 18 patients with liver echinococcosis. All patients were performed CT examination on Neusoft 64 in the machine. Liver parenchymal density parameters evaluated in Hounsfield units in step of 1,5 to 5 mm, and the area determined by the liver cysts.Results of the study. Mean cyst size (length, width, thickness) were 80,5 ± 6,7 (length), 64,4 ± 4,7 (width), 57,2 ± 3,6 (thickness) mm, respectively. The average liver area 20666,7±345,0, cyst area 20666,7 ± 345,0. The density of cysts on Hounsfield was -17,4± 4,7. Density of 0,5 cm from the liver tissue cysts 24,2 ± 5,7, liver tissue density of 1 cm from the cysts 24,9 ± 5,9, Liver tissue density of cysts 1,5 cm 45,6 ± 5,5, the density of the liver 2 cm from the tissue cysts 50,2 ± 6,1., the liver tissue density of 2,5 cm from the cysts 59,2 ± 7,1, the liver tissue density of 3 cm from the cysts 71,6 ± 8,2, a density of 4 cm from the liver tissue cysts 72,2 ± 8,4, the average density of the liver tissue to remove cysts from 5 cm to 8 cm 71,4 ± 8,2. When comparing the results of computer tomography (density tissue Hounsfield) were found that the changes in the liver tissue density from 24,2 ± 5,7 to 50,2 ± 6,1 HU observed at different distances expressed morphological changes of hydatid cysts: fi-brotic changes in the liver tissue, the presence of necrobiotic changes, inflammatory infiltration, degeneration of hepatocytes and hearths hemosiderosis 2-3 degrees. In this normal liver morphology data structure of the liver was areas where parameters of liver tissue density on CT matched normal parameters.Conclusions. CT examination is highly informative in identifying liver disease and the presence of cyst volume of morphological changes in the liver.

ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ СТРУКТУРНИХ ЗМІН У ШЛУНОЧКАХ ЛЕГЕНЕВОГО СЕРЦЯ ПОЛЯРИЗАЦІЙНОЮ МІКРОСКОПІЄЮ

<p>РЕЗЮМЕ. В експерименті встановлено, що пострезекційна артеріальна легенева гіпертензія призводить до розвитку легеневого серця і вираженої структурної перебудови шлуночків серця. Остання характеризується гіпертрофією кардіоміоцитів, їх ядер, дистрофією, некробіозом клітин, тканин, інфільтративними та склеротичними процесами. Поляризаційна мікроскопія адекватно відображає структурні зміни міофібрилярного апарату у вигляді контрактурних ушкоджень кардіоміоцитів, осередків міоцитолізу, зернистоглибчастого розпаду, дисоціації серцевих м'язових волокон. Виявлені морфологічні зміни домінували у правому шлуночку декомпенсованого легеневого серця.</p>

CHANGES OF SPINAL MOTOR NEURONS IN MICE AFTER А SPACE FLIGHT

The expression of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), neurofilament (NF) protein 200 kDa, calbindin (CAB) 28 kDa, neuronal NO-synthase (nNOS), caspase 3, Ki-67 was studied in motor neurons from TIII-TV segments of the spinal cord in C57/ BL6 male mice by immunohistochemical methods 12 h after a 30 days-long space flight on the Bion-M1 biosatellite. Mice living under standard vivarium conditions served as a control. The motoneurons of experimental animals demonstrated the reactive changes that were manifested by the increase of their size, decrease in the number of subpopulations expressing ChAT and NF, increase of subpopulations containing CAB, appearance of motor neurons expressing nNOS, caspase-3, and the absence of Ki-67. The lack of proliferating gliocytes, the preservation of nucleolar component indicate the absence of necrobiotic changes characteristic of necrosis. The cytoplasmic vacuolization was observed in thionine-stained CAB-immunoreactive neurons. The disintegration of motor neurons into fragments resembling the apoptotic bodies was observed in single cells that contained caspase-3.

The Remedial Efficacy of Spirulina platensis versus Chromium-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Male Sprague-Dawley Rats.

This study was conducted to investigate the possible protective effect of Spirulina platensis against chromium-induced nephrotoxicity. A total of 36 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 4 equal groups (Gps). Gp1 served as control, rats of Gps 2, 3, and 4 were exposed to Spirulina platensis (300 mg/kg b.wt per os) and sodium dichromate dihydrate (SDD) via drinking water at concentration of 520 mg /l respectively. Chromium administration caused alterations in the renal function markers as evidenced by significant increase of blood urea and creatinine levels accompanied with significant increase in kidney’s chromium residues and MDA level as well as decreased catalase activity and glutathion content in kidney tissue. Histologically, Cr provoked deleterious changes including: vascular congestion, wide spread tubular epithelium necrobiotic changes, atrophy of glomerular tuft and proliferative hyperplasia. The latter was accompanied with positive PCNA expression in kidney tissues as well as DNA ploidy interpretation of major cellular population of degenerated cells, appearance of tetraploid cells, high proliferation index and high DNA index. Morphometrical measurements revealed marked glomerular and tubular lumen alterations. On contrary, spirulina co-treatment with Cr significantly restored the histopathological changes, antioxidants and renal function markers and all the previously mentioned changes as well.

Changes of fractional anisotropy (FA) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) in the model of experimental acute hydrocephalus in rabbits.

To study the integrity of white matter, we investigated the correlation between the changes in neuroradiological and morphological parameters in an animal model of acute obstructive hydrocephalus. Hydrocephalus was induced in New Zealand rabbits (n = 10) by stereotactic injection of kaolin into the lateral ventricles. Control animals received saline in place of kaolin (n = 10). The progression of hydrocephalus was assessed using magnetic resonance imaging. Regional fractional anisotropy (FA) and the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) were measured in several white matter regions before and after the infusion of kaolin. Morphology of myelinated nerve fibers as well as of the blood-brain barrier were studied with the help of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and light microscopy. Compared with control animals, kaolin injection into the ventricles resulted in a dramatic increase in ventricular volume with compression of basal cisterns, brain shift and periventricular edema (as observed on magnetic resonance imaging [MRI]). The values of ADC in the periventricular and periaqueductal areas significantly increased in the experimental group (P < 0.05). FA decreased by a factor of 2 in the zones of periventricular, periaqueductal white matter and corpus collosum. Histological analysis demonstrated the impairment of the white matter and necrobiotic changes in the cortex. Microsctructural alterations of the myelin fibers were further proved with the help of TEM. Blood-brain barrier ultrastructure assessment showed the loss of its integrity. The study demonstrated the correlation of the neuroradiological parameters with morphological changes. The abnormality of the FA and ADC parameters in the obstructive hydrocephalus represents a significant implication for the diagnostics and management of hydrocephalus in patients.

Chondrodermatitis nodularis chronica helicis in a patient with systemic sclerosis associated with primary biliary cirrhosis (Reynolds syndrome): A case report.

Chondrodermatitis nodularis chronica helicis is a rare non-neoplastic inflammatory and degenerative process of the external ear, characterized by necrobiotic changes in the dermis that extend down to the perichondrium. This condition has been occasionally reported in patients with limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis but not in those with concomitant primary biliary cirrhosis; this association is known as Reynolds syndrome. We report a 70-year-old woman diagnosed with primary biliary cirrhosis at age 47 and with limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis at age 54 who developed a painful ulcerated nodule on the helical rim of the left ear shortly after the last diagnosis. The lesion was excised because of the suspicion of malignancy, but the histopathology was consistent with chondrodermatitis nodularis chronica helicis. Although this condition is infrequent, it is necessary to know, because it may occur in patients with systemic sclerosis and be mistaken for neoplasms, such as basal cell and squamous cell carcinoma, and these patients have an increased risk for the development of skin malignancies.

ПРОФИЛАКТИКА ДЕГЕНЕРАТИВНЫХ ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЙ ВИСОЧНО- НИЖНЕЧЕЛЮСТНОГО СУСТАВА

&lt;p&gt;Degenerative disease of the joints (osteoarthrosis, avascular osteonecrosis, osteochondritis dissecans, entesopathy) are characterized by a violation of the metabolism and irreversible necrobiotic changes of connective tissue. To slow the progression of degenerative diseases require a complex course of treatment, follow-up, prevention. Primary prevention includes gymnastics lessons from adolescence. Secondary prevention aims to limit the load on the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), maintenance of motor activity throughout life, correction of biome- chanics joint exception injury to the joint.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;

Necrobiosis Lipoidica in the Absence of Diabetes Mellitus: A Case Report and an Analysis of 116 Japanese Cases

A 60-year-old Japanese woman was referred to our hospital for yellow-brown plaques accompanied by ulceration on her left lower leg. Her medical history included neither diabetes mellitus nor minor trauma. A histopathological examination of the plaques showed necrobiotic changes within the dermal collagen surrounded by granulomas that comprised lymphocytes, histiocytes, and giant cells. The lower dermis revealed fibrotic changes that extended into the subcutaneous tissue. The patient’s blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin levels were within the normal ranges. We considered a diagnosis of necrobiosis lipoidica (NL) in the absence of diabetes mellitus. We reviewed 116 cases of NL that were reported in the Japanese medical literature between 1986 and 2014 and found that NL onset was most common in individuals of both sexes ≥ 60 years of age. Previous reports that reviewed NL cases in the Japanese medical literature that were published during the1900s indicated that NL occurs in people ≥ 40 years of age. We suggest that the aging population and increasingly longer life spans have increased the average age of NL onset in Japan. With regard to treatments, there were no effective treatments, but skin grafts were curative. NL treatment is very difficult, especially when ulcers are present; hence, we suggest that further research is needed to determine effective NL treatments.

The concept of placental insuffisiency

The authors propose classification of placental insufficiency, based on the fact that the placenta, as a provisory organ, has an exclusive ability to develop compensatory processes to be present during the whole pregnancy. The authors established the role of placental barriers, in particular the syncytiocapillary membranes, in developing placental insufficiency. The Immunohistochemical methods allow us to detect the presence of antigens and different classes of immunoglobulins on the membranes. Dystrophic and necrobiotic changes in the syncytiocapillary membranes increase the permeability of the placental barrier and contribute to the penetration of specific antibodies and pathogenic antigens to foetal organs. The risk of intrauterine infections of the foetus increases sharply if the woman has suffered a respiratory infection during pregnancy.

Structural Changes in the Myocardium and Serum Lipid Spectrum in Experimental Hypercholesterolemia and Hypothyroidism

We studied the peculiarities of lipid spectrum of the blood and structural reorganization of the myocardium in experimental hypercholesterolemia with and without hypothyroidism. It was found that alimentary hypercholesterolemia accompanied by elevated total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, and triglyceride concentrations led to a decrease in body weight, heart weight, number of cardiomyocytes in the heart and induced pronounced lytic changes in cardiomyocytes, circulation disorders (sludge syndrome, echinocytosis of erythrocytes, lymphostasis), diffuse fibrosis of the stroma, and appearance of foam cells among diffuse mononuclear infiltrate cells. The combination of hypercholesterolemia with hypothyroid status caused more pronounced changes in the lipid spectrum and atherogenic index and more pronounced lytic and necrobiotic changes in cardiomyocytes. These findings suggest that elevated cholesterol concentrations in the blood, especially against the background of suppressed thyroid function, can directly induce considerable damage to cardiomyocytes, intramural vessels, and erythrocytes without the development of myocardial ischemia and in the absence of atherosclerotic plaques.

Ameliorating effects of garlic, calcium, and vitamin C on chronic lead toxicity in albino rats

Lead is a heavy toxic metal widely distributed in the environment. Lead exposure in Egypt remains a health challenge among children and among traffic controllers, and is manifested by anemia and poor performance. Recently, natural herbs are believed to protect the body against lead-induced hepato- and nephrotoxicity. Garlic extract, calcium carbonate, and vitamin C were investigated for possible protective effect against chronic lead toxicity in albino rats. Forty adult female albino rats were divided equally into five groups. Groups 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 received distilled water, lead acetate (L), L + garlic extract, L + calcium carbonate, and L + vitamin C, respectively, for 10 weeks. Group 2 was found to have anemia, with significant decreases in RBC count, Hb concentration, PCV %, and MCV and MCH values. Moreover, significant elevations in serum ALT, AST, urea, and creatinine were detected. Histopathologically, edema and necrosis of the kidneys, necrobiotic changes in the brain, fatty degeneration of the liver, and lymphoid depletion of the spleen were observed in group 2. The hematological picture in groups 3, 4, and 5 was almost within the control values and significantly better than that of group 2, except that the RBC counts in group 4 were still lower than that of the control group. In groups 3, 4, and 5, the values for AST, ALT, and creatinine were significantly lower than those of group 2; by contrast, urea levels were significantly higher than control levels and non-significantly lower than those of group 2. Histopathological changes in the hepatic, renal, brain, and splenic tissues were better in groups 3, 4, and 5 compared to those of group 2. Using garlic extract or calcium carbonate alleviated hematological, biochemical, and pathological changes, while vitamin C was shown to ameliorate and correct such parameters closed to the normal levels. In conclusion, vitamin C has a greater protective effect than garlic or calcium against lead toxicity.

Pathomorphological Analysis of the Pancreaticoduodenal Organs in Experimental Pancreonecrosis Induced by Trypsin Injection

Acute experimental pancreatitis induced by injection of trypsin into the pancreatic tissue exhibited characteristics of fulminant hemorrhagic pancreonecrosis (intense exudation of interlobular stroma, massive plasmo- and hemorrhages, foci of acinar cell autolysis involving by the end of day 1 an appreciable portion of the organ with formation of fields of necrosis and hemorrhagic imbibition of the glandular parenchyma, virtually completely without demarcation cellular reaction). Marked microcirculatory disorders and degenerative and necrobiotic changes in the duodenal mucosa and liver reflected the polyorgan nature of the pathological process. This model of hemorrhagic pancreonecrosis corresponded to the most severe forms of this conditions observed clinically.

Effect of Morin against Gentamicin-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Young Male Rats

Background: Morin, a bioflavonoid with antioxidant properties, is a constituent of many herbs and fruits that are used as herbal medicines. It exhibits many biological activities and possibly even has protective effects against chronic diseases. The present study was conducted to determine the protective effect of morin against gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in young male rats. Material and Methods: Young male rats (n=24) were divided into four groups as follow; (1): control group, (2): gentamicin (GM) group; rats injected intraperitioneally (i.p.) with GM at a dose of 100 mg /kg body weight (b.w.) for five consecutive days to induced nephrotoxicity, (3): morin group; rats administered morin daily at a dose of 30 mg/ kg b. w. via gavage, and (4) GM group pretreated with morin; rats were orally received morin at the same dose and route in group (3) up to two weeks followed by injected i.p. with GM as in group (2). Separated serum samples were used for determination of protein metabolism parameters, kidney functions, malondialdehyde (MDA), and ionic sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+). Results: GM injection induced marked nephrotoxicity as evidenced by significant elevation in serum levels of albumin, creatinine, urea, uric acid, MDA and K+, with significant reduction in serum levels of total protein, Na+ and albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR). Pretreatment with morin protected the rats from GM- induced nephrotoxicity as evidenced by significant improvement of these investigated parameters. Histological examination of renal tissues showed marked glomerular thickening, vacuolations of the wall of blood vessels associated with necrobiotic changes in GM injected group, meanwhile there were amelioration in rats group received morin pre-GM injection. Conclusion: Morin exert potential antioxidant activity and offer nephroprotective effect against GM- induced nephrotoxicity in young rats.

Pathomorphological Study of the Pancreas during Phospholipase A2-Induced Experimental Pancreatic Necrosis

The pathomorphogenesis of experimental acute pancreatic necrosis induced by administration of phospholipase A2 into the pancreatic tissue is characterized by pathomorphological signs of hemorrhagic pancreatic necrosis (total necrosis and purulent fusion of some acini and massive hemorrhages in the interlobular and intralobular interstitial tissue) and fatty pancreatic necrosis (necrobiotic and necrotic changes in acinar cells that spread from the peripheral area and form the demarcation line).