Neck Tumors Research Articles

What is the optimal surgical approach for ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreatic neck? - a retrospective cohort study.

The appropriate surgical approach for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is determined by the tumor's relation to the porto-mesenteric axis. Although the extent and location of lymphadenectomy is dependent on the type of resection, a pancreatoduodenectomy (PD), distal pancreatectomy (DP), or total pancreatectomy (TP) are considered equivalent oncologic operations for pancreatic neck tumors. Therefore, we aimed to assess differences in histopathological and oncological outcomes for surgical approaches in the treatment of pancreatic neck tumors. Patients with resected PDAC located in the pancreatic neck were identified from the National Cancer Database (2004-2020). Patients with metastatic disease were excluded. Furthermore, patients with 90-day mortality and R2-resections were excluded from the multivariable Cox-regression analysis. Among 846 patients, 58% underwent PD, 25% DP, and 17% TP with similar R0-resection rates (p = 0.722). Significant differences were observed in nodal positivity (PD:44%, DP:34%, TP:57%, p < 0.001) and mean-number of examined lymph nodes (PD:17.2 ± 10.4, DP:14.7 ± 10.5, TP:21.2 ± 11.0, p < 0.001). Furthermore, inadequate lymphadenectomy (< 12 nodes) was observed in 30%, 44%, and 19% of patients undergoing PD, DP, and TP, respectively (p < 0.001). Multivariable analysis yielded similar overall survival after DP (HR:0.83, 95%CI:0.63-1.11), while TP was associated with worse survival (HR:1.43, 95%CI:1.08-1.89) compared to PD. While R0-rates are similar amongst all approaches, DP is associated with inadequate lymphadenectomy which may result in understaging disease. However, this had no negative influence on survival. In the premise that an oncological resection of the pancreatic neck tumor is feasible with a partial pancreatectomy, no benefit is observed by performing a TP.

Functional-structural reorganisation of salivary glands in oncological pathology: A mini-review

. Dysfunctions of salivary glands during the treatment of benign and malignant tumours are a widely diagnosed problem among oncology patients. This study aimed to investigate the disruption of the structure of salivary glands as a result of the treatment of oncological diseases and methods for their correction and elimination. 39 scientific papers were analysed. Methods of search, comparison, systematisation, and combination of the results of the conducted studies were used. The destructive effect of chemo- and radiotherapy and the treatment of malignant tumours by increasing the body’s overall temperature on the structure of salivary glands in the experiment was proven. The influence of low intensity ultrasound on the submandibular gland demonstrates its tissues’ high adaptive and regenerative properties. Data from clinical studies on the correction and elimination of salivary gland dysfunctions in oncological patients showed an ambiguous result. The simultaneous application of photobiomodulation and radiotherapy in patients with head and neck tumours significantly improves organ function: it stimulates salivation, regulates saliva composition, controls the redox mechanism of salivary glands, and locally eliminates inflammation. A slight compensation of the mineralising function of saliva was found with substitution therapy using biologically active components and a remineralising agent in children with malignant tumours undergoing chemotherapy. A positive effect of betanechol and vitamin E in protecting salivary glands during the treatment of head and neck cancer with radiotherapy has been noted, which consists of improving the structure and function of the glands in the long term and is the same in women and men. Studies of vitamin C intake after radioiodine therapy in patients with head and neck cancer have shown its insufficient restorative effect on the quantitative and qualitative composition of saliva. The results of this review can serve as a basis for an accurate assessment by oncologists of salivary gland damage and the pathogenesis of their dysfunctions as a result of cancer therapy, provide an opportunity to reconsider existing views on the problem, develop new methods for preventing and treating these complications, and improve the quality of life and recovery process for patients

Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells-derived Exosomes Promote Survival of Random Flaps in Rats through Nrf2-mediated Antioxidative Stress.

Random flaps are the most used defect repair method for head and neck tumors and trauma plastic surgery. The distal part of the flap often undergoes oxidative stress (OS), ultimately leading to flap necrosis. Stem cells' exosomes exhibit potential effects related to anti-inflammatory, regenerative, and antioxidant properties. Nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is an important factor in regulating oxidative balance. Exosomes have been reported to monitor its transcription to alleviate OS. This study examined the impacts and underlying mechanisms of antioxidant actions of exosomes derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs-Exo) on random flaps. BMSCs-Exo were injected into the tail veins of rats on days 0, 1, and 2 after surgery of random flaps. The rats were euthanized on day 3 to calculate the survival rate. Immunohistochemical staining, western blotting, dihydroethidium probe, superoxide dismutase, and malondialdehyde assay kits were used to detect the OS level. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells were cocultured with BMSCs-Exo and ML385 (an inhibitor of Nrf2) in vitro. BMSCs-Exo may significantly improve the survival rate of the random flaps by reducing apoptosis, inflammation, and OS while increasing angiogenesis. Besides, BMSCs-Exo can also increase mitochondrial membrane potential and reduce reactive oxygen species levels in vitro. These therapeutic effects might stem from the activation of the Kelch-like enyol-CoA hydratase (ECH)-associated protein 1 (Keap1)/Nrf2 signaling pathway. BMSCs-Exo improved the tissue antioxidant capacity by regulating the Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway. BMSCs-Exo may be a new strategy to solve the problem of random flap necrosis.

Head and neck tumor segmentation from [18F]F-FDG PET/CT images based on 3D diffusion model

Objective. Head and neck (H&N) cancers are among the most prevalent types of cancer worldwide, and [18F]F-FDG PET/CT is widely used for H&N cancer management. Recently, the diffusion model has demonstrated remarkable performance in various image-generation tasks. In this work, we proposed a 3D diffusion model to accurately perform H&N tumor segmentation from 3D PET and CT volumes. Approach. The 3D diffusion model was developed considering the 3D nature of PET and CT images acquired. During the reverse process, the model utilized a 3D UNet structure and took the concatenation of 3D PET, CT, and Gaussian noise volumes as the network input to generate the tumor mask. Experiments based on the HECKTOR challenge dataset were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed diffusion model. Several state-of-the-art techniques based on U-Net and Transformer structures were adopted as the reference methods. Benefits of employing both PET and CT as the network input, as well as further extending the diffusion model from 2D to 3D, were investigated based on various quantitative metrics and qualitative results. Main results. Results showed that the proposed 3D diffusion model could generate more accurate segmentation results compared with other methods (mean Dice of 0.739 compared to less than 0.726 for other methods). Compared to the diffusion model in 2D form, the proposed 3D model yielded superior results (mean Dice of 0.739 compared to 0.669). Our experiments also highlighted the advantage of utilizing dual-modality PET and CT data over only single-modality data for H&N tumor segmentation (with mean Dice less than 0.570). Significance. This work demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed 3D diffusion model in generating more accurate H&N tumor segmentation masks compared to the other reference methods.

Efficacy and safety of proton therapy versus intensity-modulated radiation therapy in the treatment of head and neck tumors: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

To comprehensively evaluate the therapeutic efficacy and safety when utilizing proton therapy (PT) versus intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) in head and neck cancer patients. Pubmed, ScienceDirect, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science were systematically searched for studies on comparative PT and IMRT outcomes. We performed a random effect model meta-analysis to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) and odds ratio (OR) for efficacy and safety outcome variables between PT and IMRT. From 641 identified articles, 11 studies met the inclusion criteria, comprising 3087 patients (606 treated with PT and 2481 with IMRT). On toxicity analysis, PT is associated with decreased acute grade 1 nausea (OR = 0.34, 95% CI: 0.13-0.84, p = 0.02) compared to IMRT. In grade 2 toxicity, PT showed significant advantages over IMRT in mucositis (OR = 0.44, p < 0.0001), dysgeusia (OR = 0.35, p = 0.02), dysphagia (OR = 0.36, p < 0.0001), fatigue (OR = 0.29, p = 0.001), pain (OR = 0.34, p = 0.01), and weight loss (OR = 0.54, p = 0.02). Proton therapy also exhibited increased safety in grade 3 dysphagia incidence (OR = 0.44, p < 0.0001) compared to IMRT. PT demonstrated improved overall survival (OS) compared to IMRT across multiple time points: 1-year OS (HR = 0.43, p = 0.02), 2-year OS (HR = 0.44, p < 0.0001), and 5-year OS (HR = 0.78, p = 0.004). In terms of disease-free survival (DFS), PT also showed improved outcomes at 2-year DFS (HR = 0.65, p = 0.03) and 5-year DFS (HR = 0.81, p = 0.03). Proton therapy demonstrated superior overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), and better local control rate (LCR) compared to IMRT. The data also showed better safety outcomes in PT patients, particularly when involving grade 2 acute toxicity events.

A case report: Cellular (Myoepithelial Rich) pleomorphic adenoma of hard palate: A diagnostic dilemma

Salivary gland tumors account for &amp;#60;3% of the head and neck tumors. Pleomorphic Adenoma is the most common salivary gland tumor which constitutes for about 60% of all major and minor salivary gland tumors. Among the minor salivary glands tumors, pleomorphic adenoma makes about 70% and the most common site in the oral cavity is the palatal area, followed by the lip, buccal mucosa, floor of mouth, tongue, tonsil, pharynx, retromolar trigone, and gingiva. Females are more commonly affected than males. Pleomorphic adenoma of the hard palate presents as a painless firm submucosal mass without tenderness, ulceration, or surrounding inflammation; usually lacking a well-defined capsule and frequently involves periosteum or bone.These tumors are located laterally, and they rarely cross the midline.

The Antioxidant Ergothioneine Alleviates Cisplatin-Induced Hearing Loss through the Nrf2 Pathway.

Aims: Cisplatin (CDDP) is a commonly used chemotherapeutic agent for treating head and neck tumors. However, there is high incidence of ototoxicity in patients treated with CDDP, which may be caused by the excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in the inner ear. Many studies have demonstrated the strong antioxidant effects of ergothioneine (EGT). Therefore, we assumed that EGT could also attenuate cisplatin-induced hearing loss (CIHL) as well. However, the protective effect and mechanism of EGT on CIHL have not been elucidated as so far. In this study, we investigated whether EGT could treat CIHL and the mechanism. Results: In our study, we confirmed the protective effect of EGT on preventing CDDP-induced toxicity both in vitro and invivo. The auditory brainstem response threshold shift in the EGT + CDDP treatment mice was 30 dB less than that in the CDDP treatment mice. EGT suppressed production of ROS and proapoptotic proteins both in tissue and cells. By silencing nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), we confirmed that EGT protected against CIHL via the Nrf2 pathway. We also found that SLC22A4 (OCTN1), an important molecule involved in transporting EGT, was expressed in the cochlea. Innovation: Our results revealed the role of EGT in the prevention of CIHL by activating Nrf2/HO-1/NQO-1 pathway, and broadened a new perspective therapeutic target of EGT. Conclusion: EGT decreased ROS production and promoted the expression of antioxidative enzymes to maintain redox homeostasis in sensory hair cells. Overall, our results indicated that EGT may serve as a novel treatment drug to attenuate CIHL.

Head and neck tumors detected in dogs and cats between 2011 and 2021: A retrospective study

The aim of this study is to determine and compare the distribution, localization, breed, age and gender incidences of head and neck region tumors by years, by evaluating the results of dog-cat biopsies and/or operation material brought to Ankara University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathology between the years 2011 and 2021. In the study, 244 (15.9%) of 1533 tumors diagnosed in dogs and cats between 2011 and 2021 belonged to the head and neck region, of which 159 were in dogs and 85 in cats. Dogs with tumors were generally more than 6 years old (n=108) and cats were mostly 1 year old and older (n=75). In the head and neck region tumors observed in dogs, malignant and benign tumors of epithelial origin were most common (n=81; 50.9%), with sebaceous tumors (n=22) being the most common, and mostly observed around the eyes (n=26), while malignant and benign tumors of mesenchymal origin were most commonly found in the mouth region. Among the tumors of this region, epithelial tumors were mostly encountered in cats (n=39, 45.8%), and 51.2% of the epithelial tumors were squamous cell cancer (n=20), with epithelial tumors being the most common in the mouth (n=12) and nose (n=9). As a result, epithelial malignant and benign tumors were mostly seen in the eyes, and mesenchymal malignant and benign tumors were detected in the mouth. Among tumor types, papilloma in benign tumors and squamous cell carcinoma in malignant tumors were noted.

Microsecretory adenocarcinoma of the hard palate: a case report and literature review

Microsecretory adenocarcinoma (MSA) is a new type of salivary gland neoplasm identified in the 2022 World Health Organization Classification of Head and Neck Tumour (Skalova et al., Head Neck Pathol 16:40-53, 2022) and is characterized by a unique set of histomorphologic and immunohistochemical features and a recurrent MEF2C::SS18 fusion. MSA was initially misdiagnosed as another salivary gland tumour due to its similar morphology; until recently, only fewer than 50 cases were reported. We present a case of MSA of the hard palate with diverse architectural growth patterns, bland cytological features, abundant basophilic intraluminal secretions and fibromyxoid stroma. The tumour cells were positive for the SOX10, S100, and p63 protein and negative for the p40 protein according to immunohistochemistry. SS18 gene rearrangement was demonstrated via break-apart fluorescence in situ hybridization. We also provided a comprehensive literature review and integrated the clinicopathological features, immunophenotype, and molecular alterations of the disease. A comprehensive understanding of MSA enables us to accurately distinguish and categorize MSA from other salivary gland tumours with analogous morphologies.

Transoral Robotic Approach to Parapharyngeal Space Tumors: Changes in Paradigm of Surgery.

PPS space tumors are extremely rare, accounting for 0.5% of head and neck neoplasms. Trans-oral, Trans-cervical, Trans-parotid, Trans-cervical-trans-mandibular, and infratemporal are various surgical approaches that have been described for PPS tumors. Of late, with the advent of robotic surgery, Trans Oral Robotic Surgery (TORS) for PPS tumors is being increasingly advocated with promising results. To establish both efficacy and safety of Trans Oral Robotic Surgery, Five cases of pleomorphic adenoma of parapharyngeal space with sizes varying between 2.5 cm to 7.5 cm were evaluated and removed using Trans oral robotic approach using the Da Vinci system. Three were removed in toto and two in piecemeal fashion. There was capsule breach in 2 cases, no major complication was reported in any of the cases. Transoral Robotic Approach for PPS tumors can provide the much-required bridge between Transcervical and Trans mandibular Oral Approach. It provides a better direct approach. Carefully selected patients with well encapsulated tumors are more amenable to this approach.

Mammary analogue secretory carcinoma involving submandibular gland: Diagnostic pitfall with review of literature

ABSTRACT Mammary analogue secretory carcinoma (MASC) is a recently defined entity among salivary gland tumors. MASC bores a striking resemblance to secretory carcinoma of breast along with the characteristics of ETV6–NTRK3 translocation. Hence, the entity was designated as MASC and was formally included in the 4th edition of World Health Organization classification of head and neck tumors in 2017. To the best of our knowledge, around 12 cases of MASC have been described in the Indian literature. MASC commonly involves parotid gland (70%). Involvement of submandibular gland is still rarer (7%). Prognosis of MASC is comparable to other low grade salivary gland malignancies; however, aggressive behavior has also been reported in few cases. This case is one of the very few reported cases describing MASC with detailed clinical, cytology, and microscopy findings along with special stains and immunohistochemistry.

Mutational analysis of BRAFV600E in a case of sialadenoma papilliferum of oral cavity

Abstract This case report presents a rare benign salivary gland tumour called sialadenoma papilliferum. It comprises 3 to 5% of head and neck tumours and about 1% of all minor salivary gland tumours. The focus is on discussing the BRAFV600E mutation analysis and exploring its clinical implications, along with delving into the histopathological differentials. We documented a 73-year-old male, who had a white patch in the left retromolar trigone region for 6 months. The tumour was excised with a clinical diagnosis of verrucous lesion. Microscopic examination revealed exophytic hyperplastic parakeratotic stratified squamous epithelium and endophytic ductal papillary proliferation. The BRAFV600E mutation was present in the patient. Subsequent regular follow-ups were conducted, revealing no recurrence of the condition. This case underscores the pivotal role of BRAFV600E analysis as an invaluable diagnostic tool when confronted with the intricacies of intraoral salivary gland neoplasms.

ECTOPIC PLEOMORPHIC ADENOMA OF BUCCAL SPACE: CASE REPORT WITH REVIEW OF LITERATURE

Introduction: Salivary gland neoplasms are rare, accounting for 3% to 5% of all head and neck tumours. Pleomorphic adenoma (PA) is the most common benign neoplasm, mainly affecting the major salivary glands; however, its origin from minor salivary glands such as cheek mucosa is sporadic and rarely encountered. Through this clinical report, we share and discuss our experience about this rare entity and highlight the cases, which have been reported in literature until date.

Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma: A clinical case report and a literature review

Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (JNA) is a benign tumor with locally aggressive behavior, given the significant epistaxis it causes, frequent complications, and therapeutic complexity presented by this condition, diagnosis and treatment should be thorough; it occurs exclusively in adolescent males and accounts for 0.5%-0.05% of all head and neck tumors. This case corresponds to an 18-year-old patient with progressive respiratory difficulty over 2 years, nasal obstruction, and epistaxis. Clinical and imaging studies revealed a diagnosis of JNA at stage IIb according to Radkowski's classification. A Degloving approach was performed, and the tumor was completely removed. One year after resection, no tumor recurrence has been recorded. Conclusion: Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma predominantly affects adolescent males and is primarily characterized by recurrent episodes of epistaxis. Surgical management remains the cornerstone of treatment, with various effective approaches available. The local recurrence rate is low, underscoring the effectiveness of current interventions in most cases.

The evolving molecular characterisation, histological criteria and nomenclature of adenoid ameloblastoma as a World Health Organisation tumour type.

Adenoid ameloblastoma (AA) was recently recognised as a separate tumour type in the most recent World Health Organisation (WHO) classification of head and neck tumours. This decision has been considered controversial by several groups, who have described AA as a subtype of ameloblastoma, a hybrid odontogenic tumour or to fall within the spectrum of other recognised odontogenic tumours, including dentinogenic ghost cell tumour and adenomatoid odontogenic tumour. Here we review the reasons for the WHO decision to classify AA as a separate tumour type. We also critique molecular and histological findings from recent reports published since the WHO classification. While acknowledging that the classification of tumours is constantly evolving, the balance of current evidence suggests that AA should remain a distinct tumour type, and not a subtype of ameloblastoma, pending further molecular characterisation.

Milan System Categorization and Reporting of Salivary Gland Tumors: A Literature Review

Abstract Salivary gland tumors (SGTs) are uncommon and represent about 6% of all head and neck tumors and 0.3% of all malignant tumors worldwide. The reporting system of SGTs before 2018 was individualized and may be problematic and confusing for some pathologists and clinicians. In 2018, the Milan Categorizing System for Salivary Gland Tumors (MSRSGC) was developed by an international consortium of experts and endorsed by the American Society of Cytopathology and the International Academy of Cytology; the aim was to standardize the reporting terminology to replace the conventional, descriptive interpretation for salivary gland fine needle aspirations for better communication between clinicians and between institutions. This review aims to stand on the extent of the MSRSGC in resolving the conflicts among pathologists and clinicians and highlight the problems that have been reported through studying the published literature. Since its development, the MSRSGC has provided to some extent a unified reporting system that elevated the communications among pathologists and clinicians. In addition, the MSRSGC has provided information about the risk of neoplasia (RON), risk of malignancy, and line of management for each category; however, most discussions have shown that some cases in the intermediate group are still indicating conflicts in its diagnosis and reporting, especially those of SGTs of uncertain malignant potential (SUMP) with distinct cellular features, such as basaloid, oncocytic, and squamoid features and a need to be recategorized individually, and the strength of the system in the category toward diagnostic feature of malignancy.

Multi omics analysis of mitophagy subtypes and integration of machine learning for predicting immunotherapy responses in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Mitophagy serves as a critical mechanism for tumor cell death, significantly impacting the progression of tumors and their treatment approaches. There are significant challenges in treating patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, underscoring the importance of identifying new targets for therapy. The function of mitophagy in head and neck squamous carcinoma remains uncertain, thus investigating its impact on patient outcomes and immunotherapeutic responses is especially crucial. We initially analyzed the differential expression, prognostic value, intergene correlations, copy number variations, and mutation frequencies of mitophagy-related genes at the pan-cancer level. Through unsupervised clustering, we divided head and neck squamous carcinoma into three subtypes with distinct prognoses, identified the signaling pathway features of each subtype using ssGSEA, and characterized subtype B as having features of an immune desert using various immune infiltration calculation methods. Using multi-omics data, we identified the genomic variation characteristics, mutated gene pathway features, and drug sensitivity features of the mitophagy subtypes. Utilizing a combination of 10 machine learning algorithms, we have developed a prognostic scoring model called Mitophagy Subgroup Risk Score (MSRS), which is used to predict patient survival and the response to immune checkpoint blockade therapy. Simultaneously, we applied MSRS to single-cell analysis to explore intercellular communication. Through laboratory experiments, we validated the biological function of SLC26A9, one of the genes in the risk model. In summary, we have explored the significant role of mitophagy in head and neck tumors through multi-omics data, providing new directions for clinical treatment.

Mitigating radiation-induced brain injury via NLRP3/NLRC4/Caspase-1 pyroptosis pathway: Efficacy of memantine and hydrogen-rich water

Radiation-induced brain injury (RIBI) is a significant challenge in radiotherapy for head and neck tumors, impacting patients' quality of life. In exploring potential treatments, this study focuses on memantine hydrochloride and hydrogen-rich water, hypothesized to mitigate RIBI through inhibiting the NLRP3/NLRC4/Caspase-1 pathway. In a controlled study involving 40 Sprague-Dawley rats, divided into five groups including a control and various treatment groups, we assessed the effects of these treatments on RIBI. Post-irradiation, all irradiated groups displayed symptoms like weight loss and salivation, with notable variations among different treatment approaches. Particularly, hydrogen-rich water showed a promising reduction in these symptoms. Histopathological analysis indicated substantial hippocampal damage in the radiation-only group, while the groups receiving memantine and/or hydrogen-rich water exhibited significant mitigation of such damage. Molecular studies, revealed a decrease in oxidative stress markers and an attenuated inflammatory response in the treatment groups. Immunohistochemistry further confirmed these molecular changes, suggesting the effectiveness of these agents. Echoing recent scientific inquiries into the protective roles of specific compounds against radiation-induced damages, our study adds to the growing body of evidence on the potential of memantine and hydrogen-rich water as novel therapeutic strategies for RIBI.

Abstract B028: Expression of NOTCH1 in head and neck tumours at selected hospitals in Ghana

Abstract Head and neck tumors (HNT) are of paranasal sinuses origin (the salivary glands and the upper aerodigestive tract). It constitutes the sixth most common tumors. Studies have shown that, factors such as tobacco and alcohol intake and viral infections may increase the relative risk to the tumor. Notch1 pathways are frequently altered in many tumors, however, the clinical significance of NOTCH1dysregulation in head and neck tumors is poorly understood. METHOD: The aim of this study was to investigate the expression NOTCH1 in head and neck tumor and also to elucidate the various anatomical pattern of the head and neck tumors in selected hospitals in Ghana. NOTCH1 expression were analyzed using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemical staining on tissue samples from a consecutive series of head and neck tumor patients resections over a four-year period. RESULTS: The percentage of low expression of Notch1 were 71.4% in the malignant tissue (n=98) and 76.9% (n=52) in the benign tissue. The anatomical site with high of low expression of the NOTCH1 was found in oral cavity (37.1%) followed by respiratory (27.1%) followed by mandible (14.3%). CONCLUSION: There were low expression of NOTCH1 in head and neck tumour tissues suggesting that NOTCH1may be a tumor suppressor gene. We further propose that, NOTCH1 offers a potential tool as a target molecule in the development of therapies for head and neck tumors. Citation Format: Precious Barnes, Roland Osei Saahene. Expression of NOTCH1 in head and neck tumours at selected hospitals in Ghana [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference in Cancer Research: Expanding and Translating Cancer Synthetic Vulnerabilities; 2024 Jun 10-13; Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2024;23(6 Suppl):Abstract nr B028.

Patient-derived parotid gland pleomorphic adenoma organoid model and its preliminary histological and functional characterization

Objective: To establish patient-derived organoid models of pleomorphic adenomas (PA) of the parotid gland and preliminarily characterize their histology, related biomarkers and functions. Methods: Fresh tumor tissue specimens were collected from surgical procedures of Oral and Maxillofacial Department. The harvested tissues were processed and cultured in a head and neck tumor organoid culture system to establish organoid models from parotid gland pleomorphic adenomas. The in vitro growth of PA organoids was recorded by light microscopy. The successfully established organoids were passaged and cryopreserved, and the cryopreserved PA organoids were revived and re-cultured to observe their viability and organoid regeneration ability. Histological characterization, as well as characterization and detection of related markers and functional proteins, were performed on the organoids, comparing them with the patient-derived tissues. Results: The constructed organoid model of pleomorphic adenoma exhibited a dense and compact three-dimensional spherical structure. Hematoxylin and eosin staining indicated morphological similarities between the organoid and its tissue of origin. Immunohistochemistry showed positive cytoplasmic staining for Calponin, cytokeratin 7, and epithelial membrane antigen in both the organoid and the source tumor tissue, suggesting consistent histopathological characteristics between the organoid and its tissue of origin. Periodic acid-Schiff staining of the organoid showed positive staining for glycogen, with positive staining located in the interior and periphery of the organoid, indicating that the organoid possessed secretory functions like the salivary gland. Conclusions: This study successfully constructed organoids of pleomorphic adenoma derived from patient samples. This model faithfully replicates the tissue morphology and biomarkers of the source tissue and exhibits biological functions associated with mucus secretion. It serves as a valuable in vitro model for studying the development and progression of salivary gland tumors.