Neck Thickness Research Articles

Surfactant-free, flexible polymethylsilsesquioxane foams

Elastic, hydrophobic polymethylsilsesquioxane foams were prepared through a surfactant-free route. Three silane precursors, tetraethyl orthosilicate, methyltriethoxysilane and dimethyldiethoxysilane were used in a two-step, sol-gel process in a solution with variable water:ethanol ratios (from 0.36 to 0.71) to control the phase separation and particle and pore size. The foams were dried at 65 °C under ambient pressure. All samples display a spherical particle network structure, but with reduced particle size (from 4.5 to 3.5 µm) and thinner inter-particle necks for higher water contents. The morphological changes resulted in a higher surface area for higher water contents (SBET between 0.655 m2/g and 0.904 m2/g). The inter-particle neck thickness affected the mechanical properties, with less strain recovery when the water content was high (permanent densification ∼50%). The foams prepared here display a similar performance to those from the literature, but without the need for surfactants or urea in large quantities.

Morphometric Analysis of the Proximal Femur With Its Clinical Correlation in Eastern Uttar Pradesh Region.

The anthropometry of the proximal femur holds great clinical significance in designing implants and prostheses for proximal femoral fractures and hip joint arthroplasties. Surgical fixation with a properly matched prosthesis plays a crucial role in improving long-term treatment outcomes and preventing post-operative complications such as osteolysis with aseptic loosening and increased load. The femur is also one of the most commonest used bones for stature estimation. Often during forensic investigations, only fragmented remains of femur are found available from which femoral length is estimated by application of linear regression equations. The estimated femoral length thus obtained is used for stature estimation of the unidentified individual. This study has measured nine bony parameters from the proximal femur in a total of 96 dry femora. These measurements include the vertical head diameter, neck diameter, neck thickness, neck length, neck shaft angle, the transverse diameter of the fovea, longitudinal diameter of the fovea, foveal depth, and the intertrochanteric line length. In addition, the total length of the femur was also measured. The results were tabulated and statistically analyzed using SPSS software, version 25. The mean femoral head diameter was observed to be 41.59±3.25 mm, mean foveal depth was found to be 2.95±0.75 mm, mean foveal transverse and longitudinal diameters were observed to be 11.38±2.35 mm and 15.94±3.37 mm, respectively. The mean neck diameter was 29.45±3.33 mm. Mean neck length and neck thickness were observed to be 36.06±4.94 mm and 27.61±2.71 mm, respectively. Neck shaft angle was noted to range from 109° to 128°, with a mean of 119.08°±5.18°. The mean length of the inter-trochanteric line was measured to be 41.92±3.9 mm. The mean femoral length was observed to be 42.11±2.91 cm. Significant positive correlations were found between the various measured proximal morphometric parameters of the femur. The length of the femur showed a maximum positive correlation with the vertical head diameter, followed by the neck diameter, thickness, and foveal depth. The findings of this study can throw further light on the existing data. They can serve as a guideline for designing better-matched prostheses and implants for hip surgeries in the eastern Uttar Pradesh population.

Onion (Allium cepa L.) Performance as Influenced by Manure and Fertilizer in Titanium Mined Soils

Mining is an important economic activity that promotes income generation, job creation, and industrialization globally. In spite its economic importance, it is classified as land degradation form that disrupts natural ecosystem through loss of biota and soil health. Paucity of information regarding the performance of reclaimed mined soils in supporting crop production abound in Kenya. To contribute to this knowledge gap, a study was conducted at Base titanium limited -Kwale to investigate the response of performance of bulb onions (red creole onion variety) to farmyard manure and inorganic fertilizer application on post mined soils. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replicates Treatments included: inorganic fertilizer, farmyard manure, inorganic fertilizer +farmyard manure and control. Obtained data that included: soil characterization, onion growth and yield parameters was subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) using R packages and means separated using the Fisher’s protected least significant difference (LSD) at (P≤0.05). Results showed that the soils had low TN, exchangeable P, K, S, Bo and Cu levels. Manure+ fertilizer significantly (P≤0.05) increased plant height by 38%, bulb diameter by 44%, neck thickness by 19.5% total bulb yield by 89% and marketable yield by 88% compared to control. A significant positive relationship between manure, fertilizer, fertilizer+ manure with plant height, number of leaves, bulb diameter, neck thickness and total yield was observed indicating that manure + fertilizer can support optimal onion production in these post mined soils. Further research is however, required to ascertain production approaches that promote sustainable soil development and onion yield.

Numerical Investigation on the Symmetric Breakup of Bubble within a Heated Microfluidic Y-Junction

This study numerically investigated the symmetric breakup of bubble within a heated microfluidic Y-junction. The established three-dimensional model was verified with the results in the literature. Two crucial variables, Reynolds number (Re) and heat flux (q), were considered. Numerical results demonstrated that the bubble breakup was significantly affected by phase change under the heated environment. The “breakup with tunnel” and “breakup with obstruction” modes respectively occurred at the low and high q. The breakup rate in pinch-off stage was much larger than that in squeezing stage. As Re increased, the bubble broke more rapidly, and the critical neck thickness tended to decrease. The bubble annihilated the vortices existing in the divergence region and made the fluid flow more uniform. The heat transfer was enhanced more drastically as Re was decreased or q was increased, where the maximum Nusselt number under two-phase case was 6.53 times larger than single-phase case. The present study not only helps understanding of the physical mechanisms of bubble behaviors and heat transfer within microfluidic Y-junction, but also informs design of microfluidic devices.

Investigation of aluminium clinched joints by FEA

The aim of the present paper is to compare the results of clinch joining simulations of two finite element software. The comparison is taken in between the resultant force-displacement curves, and in between the most important geometrical parameters of the joints, as the undercut (C) and neck thickness (tN). The joining process was performed between two AA6082 sheets in two different heat treatment conditions by a TOX clinching tool. For the simulations the flow curves of material have determined by the so-called Watts-Ford compression test for both conditions. The applied FE software packages were the MSC.Marc&Mentat 2019 and the DEFORM2D 10.2.

Automatic recognition of the neck–shoulder shape based on 2D photos

To improve body type classification and automatic identification, this study adopted a method by combining three-dimensional (3D) point-cloud data with two-dimensional (2D) photos for the classification of young mens’ neck–shoulder shape. A total of 180 male college students were measured by photo and 3D body measuring methods to get the main body information. As for the 3D body cloud data, reverse engineering software was used to measure the parameters closely related to the neck–shoulder shape. Five important parameters, including the forward angle, back angle, shoulder angle, the ratio between neck and shoulder width, and the ratio between neck width and thickness were analyzed to divide young men’s neck–shoulder shape into three categories, namely round drop shoulder, forward round neck and wide straight neck, and the classification rules were established. As for the 2D photos (such as front and side photos), the human body contour was extracted to obtain the parameters required for neck–shoulder shape classification by identifying the feature points. The neck–shoulder shape could be automatically recognized, and the accuracy rate is 97.7% to verify that the neck–shoulder shape recognition system is effective. This study proposed a simple neck–shoulder shape automatic recognition method based on the 2D body photos, and provide reference for automatic neck–shoulder shape recognition, 3D modeling and virtual fitting of local features.

Assessment of Genetic Variability, Heritability and Genetic Gain for Yield and Quality Traits in Onion (Allium cepa L.)

The experiments were undertaken at ‘C’ Block Farm of Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal, India during 2017–18 and 2018–19 to study the genetic variability, heritability and genetic gain of 23 onion genotypes. Twenty open-pollinated varieties, two hybrid varieties were taken under consideration with one variety taken as standard check. Characters like number of leaves at 30 DAT and 90 DAT, neck thickness, number of scales per bulb, bolters, average weight of 10 bulbs, vitamin C content, dry matter, TSS, phenol content, severity of purple blotch disease, total yield and marketable yield expressed high heritability along with high genetic gain. These traits were least influenced by environmental effect, so, additive genetic effect might be the influential factor for expression of such traits. Traits with such high heritability values gives clear indication that the variability observed was mainly under genetic control and offers ample scope and opportunities to conduct selection based on phenotypic performances for improvement in future onion breeding programme. For traits with moderate heritability viz., double bolters, pyruvic acid, total sugar, storage loss, selection would be less effective in these traits but can still be taken up. Characters plant height at 90 DAT and unmarketable yield, which expressed low heritability are governed by non-additive genes and therefore, hybridization between diverse parents will be the best strategy for their improvement.

Investigations on Combined <i>In Situ</i> CT and Acoustic Analysis during Clinching

Clinching is a cost efficient method for joining components in series production. To assure the clinch point’s quality, the force displacement curve during clinching or the bottom thickness are monitored. The most significant geometrical characteristics of the clinch point, neck thickness and undercut, are usually tested destructively by microsectioning. However, micrograph preparation goes ahead with a resetting of elastic deformations and crack-closing after unloading. To generate a comprehensive knowledge of the clinch point’s inner geometry under load, in-situ computed tomography (CT) and acoustic testing (TDA) can be combined. While the TDA is highly sensitive to the inner state of the clinch point, it could detect critical events like crack development during loading. If such events are indicated, the loading process is stopped and a stepped in-situ CT of the following crack and deformation development is performed. In this paper, the concept is applied to the process of clinching itself, providing a detailed three-dimensional insight in the development of the joining zone. A test set-up is used which allows a stepwise clinching of two aluminium sheets EN AW 6014. Furthermore, this set-up is positioned within a CT system. In order to minimize X-ray absorption, a beryllium cylinder is used within the set-up frame and clinching tools are made from Si3N4. The actuator and sensor necessary for the TDA are integrated in the set-up. In regular process steps, the clinching process is interrupted in order to perform a TDA and a CT scan. In order to enhance the visibility of the interface, a thin tin layer is positioned between the sheets prior clinching. It is shown, that the test-set up allows a monitoring of the dynamic behaviour of the specimen during clinching while the CT scans visualize the inner geometry and material flow non-destructively.

The structure of root systems in young woody plants under the conditions of park areas with the composite topography

Vegetation growing on the slopes counteracts the development of erosion processes, directly affects the improvement of soil properties, which are largely determined by the morphological structure of the root system. We studied the development and distribution of the root systems of trees and shrubs on the slopes with different steepness in a forest park in the northern environs of Kyiv (Ukraine). The method of complete excavation of plants growing under the conditions of composite topography, in the park stands employed near ravines, where the plants were exposed due to erosion, was chosen for the research. The samples of root systems of 15 trees and 5 shrubs selected from different locations of growth places were examined: under the canopy, in canopy windows, in the open space, and at the slopes of different expositions with steepness from 6° to 39°. The plants aged up to 13 years, up to 3.5 m high, with crown diameter up to 130 cm and root neck thickness up to 80 mm were selected from undergrowth and understory. The depth of penetration of the root systems into the soil and the order of their branching were measured for further studying the anti-erosion properties of root systems. The area of horizontal projection of the root system to the crown diameter ratio, the soil saturation with roots and the intensity of root system branching were determined. Numerical indicators of the spatial structure of root systems are extremely important when assessing the studied trees and shrubs. Key words: park planting, undergrowth, understore, soil saturation with roots, depth of soil penetration, branching intensity

Distal Pancreatectomy Fistula Risk Score (D-FRS): Development and International Validation.

To develop 2 distinct preoperative and intraoperative risk scores to predict postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) after distal pancreatectomy (DP) to improve preventive and mitigation strategies, respectively. POPF remains the most common complication after DP. Despite several known risk factors, an adequate risk model has not been developed yet. Two prediction risk scores were designed using data of patients undergoing DP in 2 Italian centers (2014-2016) utilizing multivariable logistic regression. The preoperative score (calculated before surgery) aims to facilitate preventive strategies and the intraoperative score (calculated at the end of surgery) aims to facilitate mitigation strategies. Internal validation was achieved using bootstrapping. These data were pooled with data from 5 centers from the United States and the Netherlands (2007-2016) to assess discrimination and calibration in an internal-external validation procedure. Overall, 1336 patients after DP were included, of whom 291 (22%) developed POPF. The preoperative distal fistula risk score (preoperative D-FRS) included 2 variables: pancreatic neck thickness [odds ratio: 1.14; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.11-1.17 per mm increase] and pancreatic duct diameter (OR: 1.46; 95% CI: 1.32-1.65 per mm increase). The model performed well with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.83 (95% CI: 0.78-0.88) and 0.73 (95% CI: 0.70-0.76) upon internal-external validation. Three risk groups were identified: low risk (<10%), intermediate risk (10%-25%), and high risk (>25%) for POPF with 238 (18%), 684 (51%), and 414 (31%) patients, respectively. The intraoperative risk score (intraoperative D-FRS) added body mass index, pancreatic texture, and operative time as variables with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.80 (95% CI: 0.74-0.85). The preoperative and the intraoperative D-FRS are the first validated risk scores for POPF after DP and are readily available at: http://www.pancreascalculator.com . The 3 distinct risk groups allow for personalized treatment and benchmarking.

Pancreatico-Gastrostomy: A Modified Two-Layered Technique.

Introduction: Pancreato-duodenal resections are commonly done for periampullary carcinomas. The outcome of the procedure is decided by pancreato-enterostomy. Pancreato-jejunostomy (PJ) has been employed largely as pancreato-enterostomy. Recently, there has been a renewed interest in pancreato-gastrostomy (PG). The debate continues on the choice of reconstruction.Methods: A hundred cases of periampullary carcinoma were subjected to modified pancreatico-gastrostomy. The pancreatico-gastrectomy was evaluated by drain fluid amylase done on days 1, 3, and 5 post-operatively and clinical findings. The leaks were classified according to the International Study Group of Pancreatic Fistula (ISGPF) classification of biochemical leaks, postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) B and POPF C. The leaks were evaluated against pancreatic factors like duct diameter, consistency of the pancreas, the thickness of the pancreatic neck, and duct location. Observations: Eighty percent of patients had no leaks. The biochemical leak was seen in 10% of cases. POPF B and C were observed at 5% each. Mortality was 3%. The diameter of the pancreatic duct of more than 3 mm and the firm consistency of the pancreas were favourable factors in the outcome of the anastomosis.Conclusion: A modified pancreatico-gastrostomy technique appears to be technically feasible and safe. The leak rates and mortality appear to be low. We need a higher number of patients to confirm the efficacy of this modified pancreatico-enterostomy.

Multiscale Analogue Modelling of Clinching Process to Investigate Thickness Tolerance and Tool Misalignment

NEED—The effect of dimensional variability of sheet thickness (tolerance) and tool misalignment is poorly understood for the clinching process. Finite element analysis (FEA) is valuable but requires a lot of and is difficult to verify in this situation due to the asymmetrical geometry and nonlinear plasticity. OBJECTIVE—The objective of this work was to determine the effect of thickness tolerance, tool misalignment and sheet placement (top vs. bottom) in the clinching process, by use of analogue modelling with plasticine. METHOD—Experiments used a scaled-up punch and die, with plasticine as the analogue. Thickness tolerances were represented by sheet thicknesses of 11 and 7 mm, 12 and 8 mm, 8 and 12 mm and 13 and 9 mm for upper and lower sheets, respectively. Two types of lubricant were tested between sheets: glycerine and silicone oil. Angular variability was also introduced. Measured parameters were interlock (also called undercut) and neck thickness. Analogue results for deformation were compared with microscopy of metal clinching. FINDINGS—The results reveal that the multiscale analogue model is an efficient tool for studying the effect of dimensional deviation on a clinch joint. Thickness tolerance showed a critical relationship with interlock, namely a reduction to about half that of the nominal, for both maximum and least material conditions. Increased angular misalignment also reduced the interlock. Compared with glycerine, silicone oil tests showed reduced interlock, possibly the result of a lower coefficient of friction. ORIGINALITY—This work demonstrates the usefulness of analogue modelling for exploring process variability in clinching. The results also show that significant effects for sheet placement are ductility, lubricant (friction), thickness of samples and tool misalignment.

Experimental investigation of joining aluminum alloy sheets by stepped mechanical clinching

Recently, increasing attention has been paid to sheet joining process for building lightweight structures. Clinching technology is an energy-saving and cost-efficient green joining method. The main factor affecting the development of conventional clinching using round punch is the unsatisfactory joint strength. To improve the mechanical properties of clinched joints, the tools and process parameters of the clinching process need to be optimized. In the study, the influence of forming forces on joining quality of clinched joints using a stepped punch was investigated using experimental methods. The geometrical parameter, failure mode, mechanical characteristic and energy absorption were analyzed in detail. From comparing the clinched joints created with a round punch, it can be concluded that the usage of stepped punch is meaningful to create joints with higher neck thickness. At the same forming force, the maximum increment in tensile and shear strength of the joints created by the stepped punch was 26.1% and 59.2%, respectively.

An analytic derivation of the bifurcation conditions for localization in hyperelastic tubes and sheets

We provide an analytic derivation of the bifurcation conditions for localized bulging in an inflated hyperelastic tube of arbitrary wall thickness and axisymmetric necking in a hyperelastic sheet under equibiaxial stretching. It has previously been shown numerically that the bifurcation condition for the former problem is equivalent to the vanishing of the Jacobian determinant of the internal pressure P and resultant axial force N, with each of them viewed as a function of the azimuthal stretch on the inner surface and the axial stretch. This equivalence is established here analytically. For the latter problem for which it has recently been shown that the bifurcation condition is not given by a Jacobian determinant equal to zero, we explain why this is the case and provide an alternative interpretation.

Morphometric and ultrasonographic determinants of difficult laryngoscopy in obese patients: A prospective observational study.

Obese people have a higher risk of difficult laryngoscopy due to their thick neck, large tongue, and redundant pharyngeal soft tissue. However, there is still no established predictive factor for difficult laryngoscopy in obese population. We conducted a prospective assessor-blind observational study to enroll adult patients with a body mass index of 30 kg·m-2 or higher undergoing laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy at a medical center between May 2020 and August 2021. Conventional morphometric characteristics along with ultrasonographic airway parameters were evaluated before surgery. The primary outcome was difficult laryngoscopy, defined as a Cormack and Lehane's grade III or IV during direct laryngoscopy. Logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the association between included factors and difficult laryngoscopy. Discrimination performance of predictive factors was assessed using area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). A total of 80 patients were evaluated, and 17 (21.3%) developed an event of difficult laryngoscopy. Univariate analyses identified five factors associated with difficult laryngoscopy, including age, sex, hypertension, neck circumference, and cross-sectional area of tongue base. After adjusting for these variables, neck circumference was the only independent influential factor, adjusted odds ratio: 1.227 (95% confidence interval, 1.009-1.491). Based on Youden's index, the optimal cutoff of neck circumference was 49.1 cm with AUC: 0.739 (sensitivity: 0.588, specificity: 0.889; absolute risk difference: 0.477, and number needed to treat: 3). Greater neck circumference was an independent risk factor for difficult laryngoscopy in obese patients. This finding provides a way of reducing unanticipated difficult airway in this high-risk population.

Structural Analysis of Human and Mouse Dendritic Spines Reveals a Morphological Continuum and Differences across Ages and Species.

Dendritic spines have diverse morphologies, with a wide range of head and neck sizes, and these morphologic differences likely generate different functional properties. To explore how this morphologic diversity differs across species and ages we analyzed 3D confocal reconstructions of ∼8000 human spines and ∼1700 mouse spines, labeled by intracellular injections in fixed tissue. Using unsupervised algorithms, we computationally separated spine heads and necks and systematically measured morphologic features of spines in apical and basal dendrites from cortical pyramidal cells. Human spines had unimodal distributions of parameters, without any evidence of morphologic subtypes. Their spine necks were longer and thinner in apical than in basal spines, and spine head volumes of an 85-year-old individual were larger than those of a 40-year-old individual. Human spines had longer and thicker necks and larger head volumes than mouse spines. Our results indicate that human spines form part of a continuum, are larger and longer than those of mice, and become larger with increasing adult age. These morphologic differences in spines across species could generate functional differences in biochemical and electrical spine compartmentalization, or in synaptic properties, across species and ages.

Investigation on mechanical behavior of clinched joints produced with dissimilar dies

The advantages of well-distributed material flow, easy demolding, and good mechanical interlock structure of the extensible die provide the possibility to be widely used in joining lightweight components. In order to explore the differences in the mechanical properties of the joints produced by different dies, the mechanical behavior of the clinched joints made by the fixed die and extensible dies of 2, 3, and 4 movable segments was investigated in the present study. The process of forming evolution, geometric characterization, failure mode, static strength, joint stiffness, and energy absorption of the dissimilar joints were studied by experimental method. In the clinching process, the neck thickness of joints made by extensible dies can be enlarged by the sliding outward of the movable segments compared with those produced by fixed dies. The failure mode of all clinched joints in this paper is neck fracture. The clinched joints produced by extensible dies of 3 movable segments have the highest static strength in both static tensile and shear tests among the dissimilar joints, which values are 1239.41 and 1259.80 N, respectively. Shearing strength of the joints performed by the extensible dies with 2, 3, and 4 movable segments was increased by 9.84%, 10.09%, and 9.40%, and the tensile strength of those clinched joints was increased by 16.27%, 20.31%, and 14.34% than that of the joints produced by the fixed dies. Experimental have proved that the number of movable segments on the extensible dies has a limited effect on the joint stiffness, tensile strength, and energy absorption of the clinched joints in the cross-lap-tensile test, while it has great effect on the stiffness and energy absorption of the clinched joints in the single-lap-shear test.

Traditional Husbandry Practices and Selection Criteria of Goats in Selected Districts of Sidama Zone, Southern Ethiopia

Before implementing any development plan, it is critical to understand traditional goat management practices, which allow breeders to create long-term genetic improvement, while preserving indigenous goat production. This study aimed to describe the goat husbandry system in two districts of Sidama zone of southern Ethiopia using two production systems. A semi-structured questionnaire was employed to gather information regarding the management activities, purpose of keeping goats, and farmer’s selection criteria for breeding animals. A total of 240 households were interviewed to collect relevant information for the study. Data collected was statistically analyzed and summarized into descriptive statistics. Indexes were calculated to clarify rankings by using indexes formula. The number goat population was more in Loka Abaya than Aroresa. The primary purpose of keeping goats in the study area is mainly for their milk, meat and income generation. Broad shoulders, compact frame, and short and thick necks of the bucks were considered as the most important characteristics for selection. Communal grazing and crop aftermath were the most common feed sources reported by farmers in the study area. River was the major water source for goats in the study districts. The major factors limiting the productivity of goats are feed shortage, diseases, and labour shortage. The management and husbandry practices are nearly equivalent to the rest of the country with the same agroecology. Planning and implementing of goat development and extension services on management, improvement, disease control, and suitable forage production strategies helps farmers in increasing goat production and therefore improving their livelihood.

SCHEDULING OF DRIP IRRIGATION SYSTEM FOR GARLIC CROP IN MALWA REGION OF MADHYA PRADESH, INDIA

The field experiments were conducted during the two consecutive rabi seasons 2017-18 and 2018-19 at farmer’s field to study the influence of drip irrigation on plant growth and yield parameters of garlic (cv. G-282) in Gogarpura village of Mandsaur district of Madhya Pradesh. The experiment was laid out in a factorial randomized block design with nine treatment combinations consisting of three irrigation levels and three fertilizer levels having three replications and one control plot treatment of flood irrigation in border strip. Three irrigation levels were 60% CPE, 80% CPE and 100% CPE. The maximum percentage of water saving over control treatment was observed in treatment 60% CPE (63.93%) followed by 80% CPE (51.90%) and 100% CPE (39.88%). The irrigation levels significantly affected (P&lt;0.05) the plant height, marketable bulb yield and gross bulb yield of garlic. However, the neck thickness was not affected by irrigation levels. Highest plant height (73.01 cm), neck thickness (0.84 cm), marketable bulb yield (115.23 q/ha) and gross bulb yield (126.75 q/ha) was recorded in treatment 100% CPE.

On-machine measurement and temperature compensation method of NURBS surface interpolation for semicircular narrow neck thickness based on ultra-precision machine tool

Flexible joint is a typical low-rigidity micro part, which has four narrow neck structures evenly distributed around its central axis. In the ultra-precision machining process, it is crucial to control the dimensional accuracy of the narrow necks to improve stiffness consistency. However, the limited space of the neck structures and the high accuracy requirements bring extremely difficulties to the measuring process. In this paper, a novel on-machine measurement method for the semicircular narrow necks was presented and a measuring device was developed based on the combination of high linearity incremental measurement method and on-machine measurement technology. Moreover, the uncertainty of measurement error was analyzed in detail. In view of the measurement error caused by temperature drift, a compensation method based on non-uniform rational B-spline surface interpolation was used to enhance the measurement accuracy. The experimental results showed that the measurement accuracy enhanced over 30% after compensation, which met the measuring requirement of flexible joint.