Recently there has been rising concern about the cost to the National Health Service of widespread prescribing of psychotropic drugs like benzodiazepines.' The possibility that the latter drugs are being used beyond what is considered to be their pharmacologically effective life and are addictive^ raises all sorts of questions about their meaning for the patients who consume them so persistently'' and for the GPs who repeatedly prescribe them.* The meaning of use from the patients' point of view has rarely been explored in the literature, two notable exceptions being studies by Helman^-* and Cooperstock and Lennard'' of chronic benzodiazepine users of all ages. Helman interviewed GPs' patients using a standardised questionnaire and focused in one article,^ on how these patients came to see taking beni^odiazepines as acceptable. He suggested that they used such drugs to enable themselves to sustain a rather idealised view of their social roles. Cooperstock and Lennard similarly concluded that their groups of volunteers who discussed benzodiazepine use saw it as enabling them to manage being wives and mothers. In a more recent article^ Helman went further in investigating the relationship long-term users had to benzodiazepines. He classified the drugs' function as being one of either fuel, food or tonic and pointed out that these drugs do not have unitary meaning for patients. The interim findings reported here come from a pilot study which is part of a larger, DHSS-funded project on the meaning of benzodiazepine use, now in the final stages of completion. We decided to publish these findings at this point because we feel they are of interest and because they seem to be borne out by subsequent data we have gathered. We have selected middle-aged, white,* women patients (aged 40-59 years) to study, because they represent one of the largest categories of benzodiazepine user.' Our approach differs from the studies referred to above in three main ways: first, we compare inductively established types of benzodiazepine 'users' with 'non-users';'" second, we are concerned to