Necessities Of Life Research Articles

Analisis Fiqh Muamalah terhadap Praktik Jual Beli Online di Era Digital dengan Pembayaran Spaylatter

Currently we have entered the era of digitalization or what is called the modern era. Technology is developing rapidly, especially in the field of online buying and selling that It makes it easier to access all the necessities of life. In Indonesia, there are many online sales and purchase applications, one of which is the Shopee application which provides various kinds of life needs ranging from food, clothes, household appliances and even tertiary needs (cars, motorcycles, and so on). Where shopee also provides various ways to pay, from on-site payment (COD system) when the goods are in the hands of the buyer, bank transfers, shopeepay transfers and even provides spaylater payments where this payment is made without having to pay immediately for the goods purchased or also called a credit system which of course is based on the terms and conditions that apply in the spaylater system. This research uses qualitative data, obtained from literature from various sources. The sources used are processed from the analysis of various journals, articles, reports and information related to the review of muamalah fiqh on the case of online purchases with credit system payments offered by Shopee through the "spaylater" feature.

Environmental Impact of Xenobiotic Aromatic Compounds and Their Biodegradation Potential in Comamonas testosteroni.

Xenobiotic aromatic compounds are the raw materials of necessities in modern life, such as plastics, pesticides, and antibiotics. To meet the global requirements, their production and consumption have continually increased, and thus, the vast amount of waste generated results in prominent environmental pollution. Fortunately, some microorganisms (e.g., Comamonas spp.) can specially use these pollutants as substrates for growth, allowing for the development of bioremediation technology to achieve sustainable development goals. Here, we describe common xenobiotic aromatic compounds used in our daily life, discuss their impact on the environment, and review their biodegradation strategies by Comamonas testosteroni, as an example. Finally, we argue that microbiome engineering opens up the avenue to future biofilm-based biodegradation technology to improve aromatic compound bioremediation.

Study Pustaka Pemilihan Skincare Berdasarkan Komposisi Sesuai Dengan Permasalahan Kulit Wajah

The development of cosmetics today varies because cosmetics are a necessity in today's life, because cosmetics are a necessity and lifestyle for women and men of all ages. The purpose of this study is to understand skincare based on the composition that suits skin problems. This study uses a quantitative research method based on literature studies. This study identifies various facial skin care cosmetics. The results of this study discuss the types of facial skin care cosmetics which show that the selection of cosmetic products must be adjusted to the type of skin to prevent negative effects. This study emphasizes that a deep understanding of cosmetic care can improve individual health and self-confidence

Solid State Gradients: One Step Aqueous Spray Deposition of Novel Graduated Cathode/Solid Electrolyte Interfaces for Improved Solid State Batteries.

Lithium ion batteries are a necessity of daily life, being used more than ever in increasing size and power for applications like handheld devices, large scale energy storage and transport. They also offer huge potential in our shift towards renewable energy, therefore the production and use of these batteries is set to increase dramatically.Solid state batteries (SSB’s) replace the liquid electrolyte with a solid. This offers more stability against lithium dendrite formation which is the main cause of battery short-circuiting and failure. Because of this, solid state electrolytes (SSE’s) may be the answer to the challenge of pure lithium anodes, which are the highest theoretical capacity anode, but are hampered by rapid dendrite formation. SSE’s can have higher gravimetric and volumetric capacity due to the reduced electrolyte content and also make for safer batteries, particularly under stress, as the flammable liquid electrolyte has been removed.This work demonstrates a new manufacturing method for SSB’s, that allows for the formation of a novel design of the electrode/electrolyte interface. Ultrasonic spray coating is the process of spraying a material layer by layer to form thin films. By graduating between two or more different materials a gradient can be manufactured.Current SSB’s are formed by separately manufacturing a cathode film and a solid electrolyte film, then assembling these on top of each other to make the battery. This can cause interface issues between the cathode and the SSE, particularly, areas of poor contact, poor solid electrolyte interface (SEI) formation and degradation of the cathode. All of these issues lead to higher resistance, lower capacity and higher degradation.This work shows that a spray deposited graduated combined cathode/SSE removes the interfacial issues seen in the literature to create a battery that has 10x lower resistance, longer cycle life, lower capacity loss and performs substantially better under high rate conditions. All of which are necessary to help solid state batteries become more real world applicable.This new manufacturing technique is the only known way to produce this structure in a cheap, industrially relevant way, and is easily expandable to a larger scale. On top of this, unlike standard manufacturing methods, the methodology is almost entirely water based, which removes costs of solvent recapture and increases safety.This layer by layer gradient deposition technique is also applicable to other areas of materials research and has been used on silicon anodes and lithium sulfur batteries, as well as membranes for direct air capture and fuel cells. Figure 1

Money In The Eyes Of Sufism: Insights From An Indonesian Tariqat

Money has historically been used as a means of oppression, personal gain, and manipulation in politics, law, and justice, often contributing to societal discord. This article examines the concept of money and its societal perceptions through the lens of Prof. Dr. H. Kadirun Yahya, a prominent Indonesian Sufi and Mursyid of the Tariqah Naqshbandiyah, known for his success in managing a wide range of business ventures. Utilizing qualitative research methods, including interviews, observation, and documentation, the study investigates Yahya's numerous business initiatives aimed at fostering prosperity. These initiatives span diverse sectors such as agribusiness, including large-scale plantations (oil palm, apple, orange, and other crops), livestock farming (poultry, fish, ducks, goats, and cows), and enterprises in furniture manufacturing, workshops, drinking water factories, electronics, travel services, and more. The findings highlight Yahya's belief that money serves as a manifestation of divine light, a tool for attaining blessings and life's necessities. While money lacks inherent value, it remains essential for human existence. His view, consistent with other Sufi teachings, likes money to a mirror that reflects various possibilities based on its use. Grounded in Sufi principles that emphasize unity, illumination, and divine manifestation, Yahya argues that money should be employed to combat injustice, dishonesty, and exploitation. Its ultimate purpose is to uphold morality, promote social justice, equitable wealth distribution, and meet basic human needs. This research underscores the importance of further studies on integrating Sufi values into business management.

Climate Change Implications on Middle Eastern Geography and Stability – A Case Studies of GCC- with a Focus on the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

The environment constitutes the natural setting where humans reside, secure food sources, and utilize natural resources to fulfill their material and life necessities. Unlike other creatures, humans have not adapted to nature and the surrounding environment; instead, they have manipulated it to their advantage, disrupting the ecological balance. The primary catalyst for this disruption was the Industrial Revolution, which significantly increased pollution rates, harmful emissions, and the extraction of raw materials, thereby intensifying the exploitation of natural resources. The gravest concern is that the damage inflicted upon nature may reach a point of no return, with catastrophic and enduring consequences, such as global warming, ice melting, rising sea levels, and escalation in greenhouse gases, along with severe repercussions of these events, including an increase in mortality rates due to natural disasters. Effective responses necessitate actions at various levels, including cultural and educational initiatives and international measures, particularly in legislation. Such laws must enforce stringent controls on emissions from industrial and automotive sources. Individuals are called upon to conserve electricity and water, and adopting renewable energy sources, such as solar, hydro, wind, and tidal energy, that do not rely on fuel combustion is encouraged. Planting trees, which absorb carbon dioxide as a primary contributor to global warming, is among the most critical measures we can undertake. The Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) is essential in combating climate change in this arena, and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is leading in this. This paper elaborates on the impact of climate change in Middle Eastern countries using a brief case study of the Saudi Green Initiatives. The paper also presents the policy recommendations to the concerned stakeholders of the GCC and the government of Saidi Arabia.

Penggunaan Internet dan Peluang Berwirausaha di Indonesia

Currently, the internet has become a necessity in social and economic life that provides convenience in communication and social interaction. In addition, the presence of the internet supported by advances in digital technology is expected to provide business opportunities. Internet access has become easier with the increasing use of mobile phones/handphones. This study aims to see the effect of internet use on entrepreneurial opportunities in Indonesia through descriptive analysis methods and binary logistic regression. This research uses data from the 2019 National Socio-Economic Survey. Entrepreneurs in this study are limited to individuals who try to be assisted by permanent workers or paid workers in the age range of 25 to 44 years. Of the 348,735 samples that were the analysis units, 7,108 were entrepreneurs or around 2.04 percent. This study found that individuals who use the internet have a higher chance of becoming entrepreneurs than individuals who do not use the internet and this finding is statistically significant. In addition, the level of education significantly influences individuals to become entrepreneurs, but individuals with higher education have a lower tendency to become entrepreneurs than those with high school education or below. Keywords: Internet, Binary Logistic Regression, Entrepreneurship

Functional Capacity, Functional Performance, and Symptoms in People With Heart Failure: An Integrative Review.

Heart failure (HF) is a clinical syndrome that has a negative effect on functional status, a multidimensional concept characterizing one's ability to provide for the necessities of life. Symptoms might be associated with different aspects of functional status in HF. However, the terms functional capacity and performance have been misused interchangeably, and no previous review has focused on the extent to which symptoms contribute to functional capacity and performance among people with HF. The aim of this study was to comprehensively review and synthesize the existing literature on the relationship between symptoms, functional capacity, and functional performance in people with HF. We conducted an integrated review of observational studies in which authors examined the relationship between at least 1 symptom and at least 1 aspect of functional capacity or performance in people with HF 18 years or older. The Joanna Briggs Institute's critical appraisal tools were used to analyze the quality of studies. We included 23 studies with 7219 participants and an age range of 40 to 86 years. Fifteen symptom measures were used to measure dyspnea, fatigue, pain, insomnia symptoms, depressive symptoms, and anxiety symptoms. Three functional capacity measures were assessed in 9 studies, and 7 functional performance measures were assessed in 17 studies. As often measured with the Six-Minute Walk Test, functional capacity was inversely associated with pain/discomfort, insomnia symptoms, and psychological symptoms. Functional performance, often measured by the New York Heart Association functional class and Medical Outcome Scale Short Form 36, was associated with sleep difficulties, fatigue, depressive symptoms, and anxiety. Four studies combined functional capacity and performance measures to elicit functional status. Depressive symptoms, fatigue, pain, and insomnia symptoms are associated with decreased functional performance and capacity. Commonly, symptoms experienced in HF are associated with declining functional status. However, this finding depends on the measures or metrics used to assess symptoms, functional capacity, and performance. The observed dissimilarities in the relationship between symptoms and functional capacity and performance highlight the conceptual distinctions, suggesting that authors of future studies should judiciously select appropriate dimensions and measures of functional status based on the study's purposes, design, and available resource.

The Use of Technology in the Management of Educational Institution Administrators Nakhon Ratchasima Primary Educational Service Area Office 4

Background and Aims: Nowadays, technology clearly plays an important role in people's daily lives. We live in an era where borderless communication has made great progress. Various conveniences have been invented and developed that help in human life. Allows us to access information quickly and more conveniently. More and more, therefore, humans are beginning to see the importance of information and its use. As a result, technology has become an important part that strengthens the basic necessities of life. Learning and adapting to new technology is necessary now and in the future. This research aims to: (1) Study the level of use of technology in administration by school administrators under the Nakhon Ratchasima Primary Educational Service Area Office 4. (2) Compare opinions about the use of technology in administration between school administrators and teachers in Nakhon Ratchasima Primary Educational Service Area Office 4. (3) Study guidelines for developing the use of technology in the administration of school administrators in the Nakhon Ratchasima Primary Educational Service Area Office 4. Methodology: The research sample consisted of 317 school administrators and teachers. The sample size was determined according to Krejci and Morgan's table. This resulted in a consistency index between 0.80 and 1.00, while the reliability value of the entire questionnaire was 0.86. For data analysis, statistics such as frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation were used. Including t-test. and examining the pairwise average by dividing the F value. Results: The results of the research are as follows: (1) The use of technology in the management of school administrators under the Nakhon Ratchasima Primary Educational Service Area Office 4, overall and in each aspect, is at a high level. (2) Results of comparing opinions on the use of technology in the administration of educational institution administrators according to position. Work experience and the size of the educational institution found that there was no difference. (3) Guidelines for developing the use of technology in the administration of educational institution administrators under the Nakhon Ratchasima Primary Educational Service Area Office 4, consisting of 4 areas: 1) academic administration, 2) budget management, 3) Human resource management and 4) general administration Conclusion: Development of the use of technology in the management of educational institution administrators under the jurisdiction of the Nakhon Ratchasima Primary Educational Service Area Office 4, resulting in change and creating opportunities for the organization. modification organizational operating structure to increase efficiency in production and service relationships within the organization.

Economic Motives for Committing Crimes of Encroachment on Money and Wealth

The main issue is to explain the economic motives that cause the encroachment of money and wealth. The aims of this study are to: identify general economic motives, such as; (economic developments and economic instability), Also specific economic motives, such as; (Poverty and unemployment) are related to crimes of encroachment of money and wealth. The descriptive analytical method was used in the study. The type of research is an analytical theoretical research. In light of theoretical directions such as capitalist system theory and subculture theories, the study concluded that the capitalist system in managing the country's economy. Causes crimes of encroachment on people's money and wealth, regarding the theory of Differential Opportunity theory, our research shows that the lack of legitimate opportunities to achieve material goals among the poor, opens the door to crimes. The Developments of the economic status in society; especially in the industrial and commercial sectors, with weak supervision of societal rules and laws, encourage financial crimes. Especially, fraud and dishonesty in trust, in an attempt to improve the economy, get rich and satisfy desires, it was found that the economic instability of prices, incomes and currency values in society create a bad and unbalanced economic situation for individuals. Poverty and unemployment also cause the loss of human potential to provide the basic necessities of life for one’s family, which then becomes a strong motivation for the crimes of encroachment on money and wealth.

Dissolving boundaries: work, activity, and voluntariness in digitized capitalism

ABSTRACT The article focuses on voluntariness as a mode of restructuring work in 21st century digitalized capitalism. What can be observed is a blurring of the boundaries between work, reproduction, leisure and engagement. We pursue the thesis that this transformation in the ‘nature’ of work corresponds to a (newly emerging) ‘mixed-activity economy’ in which people, on the one hand, create economic value in the sphere of consumption or leisure. On the other hand, reproductive requirements and economic necessities in everyday work and life can be flexibly linked through time-flexible platform work. In any case, the forms of corporate value creation and access to human productivity are changing radically insofar as they are no longer limited to classic wage labor alone. The invocation of voluntarism plays a key legitimizing role in this transformation. Based on a theoretical reconstruction of the concept of voluntariness, we bring together new forms of value creation through appropriation of resources outside of wage labor and the systematic analysis of voluntariness as a currently significant mode of action and governance in the digital economy.

Health and environmental impacts of Gaza conflict (2023-2024): A review

The war in Gaza, which erupted on October 7, 2023, unleashed unprecedented assaults from the air, sea, and land, affecting the densely populated area of 360 square kilometers housing 2.3 million people. The conflict claimed over 36 000 Palestinian lives, with women and children making up 70% of the casualties, and resulted in more than 80 000 injuries. The devastation was extensive, with over 70% of homes destroyed, along with six universities, numerous hospitals, communication networks, sewage systems, water desalination plants, roads, wells, and other essential infrastructure. Over a million people were displaced from the northern regions to the southern coastal area of Al-Mawasi, which constitutes less than 3% of Gaza's total area, facing dire shortages of water, healthcare, food, and medicine. The collapse of sewage networks and garbage accumulation led to an increase in flies, mosquitoes, insects, and rodents, contributing to the spread of infectious and non-communicable diseases among the displaced population. This research aimed to study the health and environmental impacts of the war in Gaza through data collection, field visits, and photographic documentation. The findings revealed catastrophic conditions, with the destruction of all infrastructure, including buildings, hospitals, universities, mosques, churches, sanitation, water networks, and communications, and the spread of diseases such as intestinal, respiratory infections, and skin infections due to the complete lack of basic life necessities.

Predicting the Elements of Life Necessities for Students at UiTM Melaka

This research delves into the hotly contested topic of residency requirements in our country, which is now receiving a lot of attention from the media. Students at public colleges, especially those from low-income families who already face many obstacles, should pay special attention to this issue. Students who must manage the challenges of university life in addition to having to repay student loans are even more disadvantaged. Thus, the purpose of this study is to investigate the social, psychological, and financial aspects that impact the need for living on campus. 200 questionnaires in all were disseminated using Google Forms and then analyzed. The study utilized multiple regression analysis to evaluate the predictor factors that influence kids' fundamental survival needs. According to the findings, societal factors (b = -.455) had the biggest impact on the fundamental requirements of UiTM Melaka degree and diploma holders. The kids' basic needs were also strongly impacted by psychological (b = -.310) and economic (b = -.357) aspects. These results highlight the vital role that social, economic, and psychological interventions have in improving people's quality of life—not just in college settings, but also in general. The study's high R Square value (.978) indicates that these factors together account for almost all variances in quality of life. As a result, this research supports all-encompassing approaches that target these important factors to enhance people's general well-being, especially those of those who are vulnerable.

디지털 약자 지원 사업 현황과 지원 방안 : 서울시 사례를 중심으로

The purpose of this study is to provide implications for effective interventions of the digital underprivileged in Seoul through the analysis of the current status of the underprivileged in the era of digital transformation. To this end, a survey analysis was conducted on the satisfaction and needs of 244 stakeholders of the non-face-to-face digital support project in Seoul through actual participation, and a survey analysis was conducted on the participation experience of 109 participants in the three pilot operations for the support service developed based on the participation survey analysis content. The results of this study are as follows. First, learners participated to resolve the inconvenience of daily life, and the intention to re-engage and the degree of help in daily life were high. In addition, they preferred 1:1 face-to-face classes, and the elderly were considered as the top priority of the inclusion policy. Second, instructors of the support group everywhere participated in the virtuous cycle of sharing and learning life experiences, and the degree of program necessity and help in daily life was high, and they preferred 1:1 face-to-face classes in the form of special lectures. Third, in terms of the support service advancement program, participants' ability to use, re-engagement intention, and program satisfaction were high in all regions, and there was a difference in preference for device by region. The implications of this study are as follows. First, a digital inclusion integrated model and a digital education support system for the digital weak. Second, a proposal for the establishment of a self-sustaining digital win-win learning system linked to generations.

Proposta de uma Estrutura Ética em Pesquisa

Throughout human history, human beings have sought ways to improve their living conditions, where, at first, the challenges were to create ways to protect themselves from animals and the climate, then they began to produce tools and utensils to facilitate their daily chores. Today, we explore everything from the smallest particles to the distant planets, and information and communication technologies allow us to share knowledge on a global level. In view of this, due to the prerogatives that new technologies offer, it is vital to consider good ethical values so that research can fulfil its true social role, as it is a means of expanding knowledge, which is also used to create services and products in order to meet some of the necessity of life. Research has the potential to profoundly alter society, and so it needs to be planned and executed with integrity and ethics for the well-being of individuals and the progress of civilisation. Given this context, this paper aims to present a Research Ethics Framework that can assist researchers to assess the ethicality of what they intend to investigate, or to evaluate a completed work. The Research Ethics Framework was applied to a completed research study where it was found that, although, in general, it was conducted ethically, it could nevertheless have been submitted to a Research Ethics Committee so that it could have an independent backing on its ethicality.

Review of Slum Management Policies in Urban Areas

Urban slum areas in Indonesia began to feel very disruptive to city mechanisms and dynamics in the late 70s, so the government launched Village Improvement programs such as the Moh Slum Improvement Program. Husni Thamrin in Jakarta, Dewi Sartika Village Improvement Program in Bandung, and other village improvements carried out in big cities in Indonesia. While these programs have not been able to solve existing problems, city dynamics are running so fast, especially after reform. The development of cities with very high population pressure is beyond the government's ability to control them. On the other hand, the need for employment and business is very large due to the financial crisis and the phenomenon of job cuts (PHK), because many companies are going bankrupt. This problem must be borne by the city ecosystem which has many limitations. People in every city, because they are pressured by the necessities of life, can do business in urban areas wherever they think there is a chance to live. In this situation, the growth of slum areas in urban areas not only occurs in residential areas, but also occurs in business areas and along road routes which are still possible to use as places of business and residence. Of course, this cannot be tolerated, and the government needs to respond through appropriate policies now and in the future, considering that slum areas are now evenly distributed to all cities in Indonesia and not only in big cities.

Coalition Army humanitarian assistance for the refugees from South Kurdistan on the Turkish border in 1991.

This study illustrates the amount and significant types of humanitarian assistance, which provided by the coalition forces to the displaced people from South Kurdistan on the Turkish-Iraqi border in 1991. The coalition forces arrived directly to help displaced people because they were around in the area. However, they provided the most necessary emergency supplies because they were capable to deliver hundreds of tons of humanitarian aid and basic necessities of life. Since they had the necessary equipment to carry out emergency supplies to distribute to displaced people in the Turkish-Iraqi border, especially dropping such emergency supplies by plane. The confirmation and adopted of Resolution 688 by the United Nations Security Council led to receive influx of humanitarian aid to the displaced people. The Western countries with the help of US, after confirmed the Resolution 688, played a major role in the making of no-fly zones above latitude (36) in the north ,and the making a peace zone (Safe haven,)in parts of Iraqi Kurdistan. Therefore, the coalition forces could easily deliver this humanitarian aid assistance to people in need and protect them from the repression of the Iraqi government. Later, the coalition forces built several (temporary) settlement camps near the city of Zakho in order to return the displaced people to the peace zone area. They provided humanitarian needs such as food, water and health for the displaced people in the center of these camps. Moreover, they rebuilt many service facilities along the ceasefire zone, saving thousands of lives and returning refugees to their homes.

Getting Around the Community: Qualitatively Exploring the Transportation Experiences of Adults With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities

Transportation is a necessity in adult life. Qualitative literature regarding the usability of transportation to travel freely within the community (e.g., school, work, leisure activities) is widely circulated; however, information regarding transportation needs and barriers specifically faced by individuals with an intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) is limited. This study discusses the accessibility and usability of transportation avenues for individuals with IDD. Young adults with IDD ( n = 9) explored their transportation experiences of accessing specialized public transportation (paratransit), ride-share, and personal vehicles independently. Researchers used a multiple-case study design to analyze interviews, observations, and document reviews. Results indicated the importance of teaching, maintaining, and generalizing transportation skills. Limitations and implications for research and practice are discussed.

The Role of the New Media in Spreading the Culture of Volunteering in the Iraqi Society: Facebook as a Model

Volunteering is considered and continues to be the cornerstone of building society, spreading love, and fostering social cohesion among its members. This practice varies from time to time and from one community to another. Sometimes it decreases, and other times it increases. It can take the form of monetary donations or other charitable deeds. Volunteering is a humanitarian act closely tied to all the meanings of goodness and pure, righteous deeds for the sake of Allah. It is connected to the religious aspect, as Allah says: 'So whoever volunteers good, it is better for him. So volunteering has become a necessity among life's necessities due to its social message aimed at participation in building, developing, and strengthening the foundations of society. Consequently, the culture of volunteering has become an integral part of the cultures of developed societies, representing a system of principles, ethics, standards, and practices that encourage initiative and positive actions that benefit others (1). At the global level, volunteering has received increasing attention from the United Nations through its programs and institutions that provide assistance to the poor, marginalized, afflicted, and refugees. December 5th has been designated as International Volunteer Day as a tribute by the international organization to the significant role that volunteering can play in all areas of humanitarian and developmental work (2). In this research, the study indicates a significant increase in the number of donors among both young and adult individuals. The study seeks to shed light on the role of new media in promoting a culture of volunteering within Iraqi society, especially among the audience in Thi Qar province. The aim of promoting the culture of volunteering through new media platforms is to instill positive values of volunteering, encourage active participation in volunteer programs at the individual, institutional, and community levels, and extend this to regional and international levels. It emphasizes that volunteering is not merely about good intentions; rather, it has evolved into a professionally performed activity that employs new skills in management, finance, service delivery, and communication with others. The study emphasizes the importance of setting performance standards and evaluation criteria to develop, renew, and innovate new mechanisms for volunteering (3).

State of the Art, Reliable, and Trusted Communication in Vehicle to Everything (V2X) Networks

Abstract Transportation systems are a necessity of modern life. To achieve safe and fast transportation, the intelligent transportation system is being developed. In this system, the main base station facilitates communication between vehicles and all other roadside entities using vehicle to everything networks. Various technologies have been built to support this communication. After receiving the information, vehicles can make their own decisions. This data communication is done in real time. But, if any of these data packets are dropped, the vehicle will make inaccurate decisions, so we need to have reliable data communication. All data communication will be accomplished through a system of neighboring nodes. There may be some malfunctioning nodes that lose packets in between, so a trusted and reliable link is necessary for efficient and secure data communication among the nodes. This paper presents a survey of various algorithms designed for the reliable delivery of data packets, algorithms for secure data transfer, and various types of attacks. After that, various schemes for building trust in parties sending data packets if also presented for survey.