Near-infrared Properties Research Articles

A near-infrared fluorescent probe with large Stokes shift for imaging Cys in tumor mice

Cysteine (Cys), a kind of small molecule biological thiol, not only involves in the regulation of physiological processes, but also is considered a marker of tumor. However, it is challenging to develop suitable probe for detecting Cys in tumors. In this paper, a near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent probe named IX for Cys has been designed and synthesized. The probe shows a NIR emission peak at 770 nm with large Stokes shift (180 nm) upon adding Cys. It displays high sensitivity to Cys with 6-fold increase of fluorescence intensity. Meanwhile, IX has the high selectivity to Cys over other potential interference such as Hcy and GSH, which have similar structure with Cys. In addition, a possible mechanism of fluorescence enhancement is the reaction of IX with Cys to release IX-OH, which is verified by fluorescence spectra, MS and HPLC. Next, IX can selectively image Cys in HCT-116 cells thanks to the low cytotoxicity. Most important of all, the fluorescent probe IX has visualized Cys in HCT116-xenograft tumor mice due to the near-infrared properties with large Stokes shift.

A new direction for transition metal ion doped cubic spinel-type oxides with broadband NIR emission

We report the preparation method and broadband near-infrared (NIR) emission spectral of nickel ion-doped Zn7Sb2O12 crystals in an easy way. Herein, we present the NIR properties of Ni2+ doped Zn7Sb2O12 nanocrystals, and possesses the ultrabroad band emission spectra ranging from 1100 to 1600 nm which originated from the 3T2g (3F) →3A2g (3F) transition. The analysis shows that the Ni2+ ions has been well incorporated into Zn7Sb2O12 lattice and the emission with high stability despite the mixed phases or with the different fabrication times. TMIs incorporated into new lattice have evoked widely interesting in many fields, but rigorous fabrication processes and the probability of presence of heterogeneous phases often limit their usage and further research. The fabrication process here is quite facial without strict valence state control and the whole synthesis period only needs 20min. This open a new gateway for TMI doped nanocrystals applied to a variety of areas in the future.

An eco-friendly smart self-healing coating with NIR and pH dual-responsive superhydrophobic properties based on biomimetic stimuli-responsive mesoporous polydopamine microspheres

Smart self-healing coatings containing stimuli-responsive materials have attracted tremendous interest recently due to their switchable and desirable functionalities with the changes of external environment. However, the fabrication of most smart self-healing coatings requires complex procedures and/or unfriendly chemicals, and the environmental durability of a coating is still considered as a major factor that influences its large-scale engineering applications. Herein, an eco-friendly smart self-healing coating with near infrared (NIR) and pH dual-responsive superhydrophobic and anti-biofouling properties was fabricated by simply mixing the biomimetic stimuli-responsive mesoporous polydopamine microspheres (polydimethylsiloxane-loaded mesoporous polydopamine microspheres, abbreviated as P-PDMS@MPDA MSPs) with waterborne resin and hydrophobic nanoparticles. The P-PDMS@MPDA MSPs were fabricated through an emulsion-induced interfacial anisotropic assembly strategy, followed by the abundant loading of hydrophobic PDMS. These biocompatible P-PDMS@MPDA MSPs with NIR and pH dual-responsive properties acted as the self-healing agents and green hydrophobic fillers. The P-PDMS@MPDA MSPs also provided source for outfield stimulated response and no additional responsive material was required for the self-healing process. Superhydrophobicity of the coating was achieved with these fluorine-free, non-toxic, and biocompatible materials. When damaged by the external environment, the coating could directly self-heal its superhydrophobicity and active anti-biofouling properties under the NIR or pH stimuli, owing to the release of low-surface-energy PDMS from the P-PDMS@MPDA MSPs. The cytotoxicity of the casting solution for this smart coating and the long-term self-healing superhydrophobicity of the coating in harsh environments, including exposure to UV irradiation and immersion in salt, strong acid, and strong base solutions, were investigated. This smart coating shows great promise for anti-fouling, anti-adhesion, and biomedical applications due to its excellent self-healing and biological properties. The MPDA-based stimuli-responsive microspheres can be extended to other functionalized smart coatings.

Near infrared spectroscopy for rapid determination of solids content of amino resins

Near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy is a fast and reliable technique for assessing properties of amino resins. One important property that defines the cost and performance of these resins is the solids content (SC). This work studied the prediction of SC of amino resins by combining NIR spectroscopy with partial least squares (PLS) regression. A total of 990 industrial NIR spectra of amino resins were obtained and split randomly by a ratio of 2/3 for calibration and 1/3 for validation. The best model achieved a root mean-square error of prediction (RMSEP) of 0.32% (m/m) and a coefficient of determination of prediction ([Formula: see text]) of 81%. standard normal variate (SNV) was found to be the NIR pre-processing that provided the best results for model construction. Addition of water to two amino resins showed that the NIR model does not respond to the water addition, despite water making great contribution to the SC value. An inference that can be obtained from this is that the NIR model of amino resins uses NIR properties of amino resins that relate to the SC and from there predict the most probable SC, instead of looking at all the components that affect the SC of amino resins.

Hybridization of plasmon modes in multishell bimetallic nanoparticles: a numerical study

We study the near-infrared properties of spherical multishell nanoparticles comprising a loss-less dielectric core enclosed by a concentric layering of metallic–dielectric–metallic nanoshells. The coupling between the metallic shells induces plasmon resonance redshifts and peak splitting in the absorption spectra of the layered particle relative those of the metallic constituents. We use full-wave electromagnetic analysis to investigate changes in the absorption spectra as a function of key parameters including the material properties of the inner and outer metallic shells and the aspect ratio of their inner and outer radii. We systematically vary the aspect ratios and quantify the degree of plasmonic coupling between the metallic nanoshells. Our analysis reveals conditions under which the spectral resonance peaks blueshift and/or redshift. We consider bimetallic particles with gold and silver nanoshells and determine the dependency of plasmon resonance peak shifting and splitting as a function of the order of these material layers, i.e., as inner or outer shells.

Near-infrared properties of silver nanowire networks

Due to their ease of fabrication and mechanical flexibility, silver nanowire transparent electrodes have been touted as a promising replacement for metal oxides such as indium tin oxide (ITO). Here we study an additional advantage: their high transparency in the near-infrared region (NIR) which is highly desirable for some applications. For electrodes that are 96% transparent in the visible, ones made from ITO are only 35% transparent at a wavelength of 2500 nm, but those made from silver nanowires maintain a transparency as high as 94%. Experiments and modelling show that to minimize the transparency drop from the visible to the NIR, the nanowires should be sparse and larger in diameter. This is found to be attributed to both the larger average spacing between nanowires in such networks and the lower absoprtion losses of larger diameter nanowires in the NIR.

质子注入掺镱磷酸盐玻璃平面光波导的近红外特性

质子注入掺镱磷酸盐玻璃平面光波导的近红外特性

Near-infrared optical properties and proposed phase-change usefulness of transition metal disulfides

The development of photonic integrated circuits would benefit from a wider selection of materials that can strongly control near-infrared (NIR) light. Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have been explored extensively for visible spectrum optoelectronics; the NIR properties of these layered materials have been less-studied. The measurement of optical constants is the foremost step to qualify TMDs for use in NIR photonics. Here, we measure the complex optical constants for select sulfide TMDs (bulk crystals of MoS2, TiS2, and ZrS2) via spectroscopic ellipsometry in the visible-to-NIR range. We find that the presence of native oxide layers (measured by transmission electron microscopy) significantly modifies the observed optical constants and need to be modeled to extract actual optical constants. We support our measurements with density functional theory calculations and further predict large refractive index contrast between different phases. We further propose that TMDs could find use as photonic phase-change materials, by designing alloys that are thermodynamically adjacent to phase boundaries between competing crystal structures, to realize martensitic (i.e., displacive, order–order) switching.

Biased Minimax Probability Machine-Based Adaptive Regression for Online Analysis of Gasoline Property

Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy plays a critical role in online analysis of difficult-to-measure properties of petrochemicals. In industrial applications, a calibration model among NIR spectra and properties must be established. However, it is a challenge to obtain a precision NIR model in the majority of petrochemical processes since industrial data present strong non-Gaussian and uncertainty characteristics. To deal with these problems, in the present work a probabilistic regression modeling method based on a biased minimax probability machine (BMPM) is proposed, without assuming any specific distributions for the data, in this article. In addition, a multiple locally weighted updating approach with a new supervised similarity distance is introduced to cope with process changes. The greatest advantage of the proposed approach is that it has superior capability in dealing with uncertainties and variations. The effectiveness of the method is illustrated through its application in an actual gasoline blending process and a simulated fermentation process.

Syntheses, Crystal Structures, Magnetic and Near-infrared Luminescence Properties of 3d−4f Coordination Polymers Cu2Pr2, Cu2Eu2 and Cu4Tb2

Three new 3d−4f heterometallic coordination polymers(CPs), namely, [Pr2(CuL)2(nipt)3(H2O)]·2H2O (Cu2Pr2, 1), [Eu2(CuL)2(nipt)3(H2O)]·2H2O(Cu2Eu2, 2) and [Tb2(CuL)4(nipt)3]·8.3H2O(Cu4Tb2, 3)(CuL, H2L=2,3-dioxo-5,6,14,15-dibenzo-1,4,8,12-tetraazacyclo-pentadeca-7,13-dien; nipt2-=5-nitroisophthalate) were obtained by a solvothermal method and structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses, elemental analyses, Fourier transform infrared spectra and ultraviolet visible absorption spectra. In Cu2Pr2 and Cu2Eu2, μ3-bridged and μ5-bridged nipt2- ligands alternately linked three Ln3+ and five metal ions(three Ln3+ and two Cu2+ ions) to generate a 2D heterometallic framework with 3,3,4,5-connected (3.4.5)(32.42.5.63.72)(42.63.8)(42.6) topology. In Cu4Tb2, μ2-bridged and μ4-bridged nipt2- ligands alternately connected two Tb3+ and four metal ions(two Tb3+ and two Cu2+ ions) by carboxylating into a corrugated heterometallic 2D layer with 3-connected (63) topology. The magnetic properties of Cu2Pr2 and Cu2Eu2 were also discussed, the results show that both CPs have a weak antimagnetic interaction. Moreover, the near-infrared luminescence properties of Cu2Pr2 and Cu2Eu2 were also studied.

The Extended Disc Galaxy Exploration Science Survey: description and surface brightness profile properties

Abstract The survey description and near-infrared properties for 92 galaxies are presented for the Extended Disc Galaxy Exploration Science (EDGES) Survey, along with an investigation into the properties of the stellar haloes of these galaxies. EDGES is a Spitzer Space Telescope Warm Mission program designed to reach the surface brightness limit (∼0.5 kJy sr−1 or 29 AB mag arcsec−2) of the Infrared Array Camera (IRAC) 3.6 and 4.5 ${\rm \mu}$m bands for a wide range of galaxy types found within the local volume. The surface brightness profiles exhibit a large range in disc scale length, with breaks more frequently seen than in previous studies, owing in large part to the extremely deep near-infrared imaging. A number of these surface brightness profile breaks may be due to stellar haloes, up to seven galaxies out of the full sample of 92 galaxies, and we explore these implications in relation to current cosmological models. We also report the discovery of a new tidal stream near NGC 3953.

Multiband Optical and Near-Infrared Properties of Faint Submillimeter Galaxies with Serendipitous ALMA Detections

Abstract We present a catalog of 26 faint submillimeter galaxies (SMGs) in the XMM Large Scale Structure (XMM-LSS) field identified by cross-matching serendipitously detected sources in archival pre–Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) band 6 and 7 data with multiband near-infrared (NIR) and optical data from the Spitzer Extragalactic Representative Volume Survey, the VISTA Deep Extragalactic Survey, the Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope Legacy Large Survey, and the Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program. Of the 26 SMGs in our sample, 15 are identified here for the first time. The majority of the sources in our sample (16/26) have faint submillimeter fluxes (0.1 mJy < S 1mm < 1 mJy). In addition to the 26 SMGs with multiband optical and NIR detections, there are 60 highly reliable (>5σ) ALMA sources with no counterpart in any other band down to an Infrared Array Camera (IRAC) [4.5] AB magnitude of ≈23.7. To further characterize the 26 galaxies with both ALMA and optical/NIR counterparts, we provide 13-band forced photometry for the entire catalog using the Tractor and calculate photometric redshifts and rest-frame colors. The median redshift of our sample is . We find that our sample galaxies have bluer colors compared to bright SMGs, and the UVJ color plot indicates that their colors are consistent with main-sequence star-forming galaxies. Our results provide new insights into the nature of the faint population of SMGs and also highlight opportunities for galaxy evolution studies based on archival ALMA data.

The XXL Survey

Context. To investigate the nature of the extragalactic radio sources, it is necessary to couple radio surveys with multiwavelength observations over large areas of the sky. The XMM-Newton Extragalactic (XXL) survey is the largest survey ever undertaken with the XMM-Newton X-ray telescope over two separate fields of 25 deg2 each (XXL-N and XXL-S). At the same time the XXL survey benefits from a wealth of ancillary data spanning from the far-ultraviolet to the mid-infrared. Aims. In this paper we present the optical, near-infrared (NIR), and X-ray identifications of the 6287 radio sources detected in the 2.1 GHz deep radio survey down to a median rms of σ ≈ 41 μJy beam−1 obtained with the Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA) in the XXL-S field. The goal of this paper is to provide a multiwavelength catalogue of the counterparts of the radio sources to be used in further studies. Methods. For the optical and NIR identification of the radio sources, we used the likelihood ratio (LR) technique, slightly modified in order to take into account the presence of a large number of relatively bright counterparts close to the radio sources. The LR technique was applied to seven optical bands (gBCS, gDec, rBCS, rDec, iBCS, iDec, zDec) and to three NIR bands (J, H, K). Results. The ten different photometric catalogues have been combined into a single master catalogue where all the photometric information in the optical, NIR, and X-ray bands have been collected for the counterparts of the radio sources. This procedure led to the identification of optical/NIR counterparts for 4770 different radio sources (~77% of the whole radio sample), 414 of which also have an X-ray counterpart. This fraction of identification is in agreement with previous radio-optical association studies at a similar optical magnitude depth, but is relatively low in comparison to recent work conducted in other radio fields using deeper optical and NIR data. Conclusions. The analysis of optical and NIR properties of radio sources shows that, regardless of the radio flux limit of a radio survey, the nature of the identified sources is strongly dependent on the depth of the optical/NIR used in the identification process. Only with deep enough optical/NIR data will we be able to identify a significant fraction of radio sources with red (zDec-K) counterparts whose radio emission is dominated by nuclear activity rather than starburst activity.

Chandra X-Ray Observatory and Hubble Space Telescope Observations of the Intermediate-age Cluster GLIMPSE-C01

Abstract We report the results of Hubble Space Telescope and Chandra X-Ray Observatory observations of the GLIMPSE-C01 (hereafter GC01) star cluster. Color–magnitude and color–color diagrams suggest a cluster age of ≳2 Gyr up to ∼10 Gyr (dependent on GC01's metallicity), a distance of 3.3–3.5 kpc, and strong differential reddening with A V = 14–22. After performing astrometric corrections, we find that nine of the 15 X-ray sources have at least one near-infrared (NIR) counterpart within the 2σ Chandra positional error circles. However, given the very high density of NIR sources in the cluster, most of these counterparts are likely due to chance coincidence. We jointly analyze the X-ray and NIR properties to assess the likelihood of true associations. Based primarily on their X-ray properties, we identify a low-mass X-ray binary candidate (source X2), a cataclysmic variable (CV) candidate (source X1), and an active binary (AB) candidate (source X9). Source X11 is detected during an X-ray flaring episode with a flare luminosity (L X = 2.1 × 1033 erg s−1) and has a quiescent luminosity L X < 8.0 × 1030 erg s−1, in 0.5–8 keV at the distance of GC01, suggesting that the source is either an AB or CV. We also discuss the limits on an intermediate-mass black hole at the center of GC01 and the challenges of X-ray source classification imposed by the limitations of the existing data and instrumentation along with future prospects in the James Webb Space Telescope era.

A DIE responsive NIR-fluorescent cell membrane probe

It is challenging to achieve selective off to on modulation of the emissive state of a fluorophore within a complex and heterogeneous cellular environment. Herein we show that the dis-assembly of a non-fluorescent aggregate to produce individual fluorescent molecules, termed disaggregation induced emission (DIE), can be utilised to achieve this goal with an amphiphilic BF2-azadipyrromethene (NIR-AZA) probe. Optical near-infrared properties of the NIR-AZA probe used in this study include absorption and emission maxima at 700 and 726 nm respectively when in the emissive non-aggregated state. Key to the success of the probe is the bis-sulfonic acid substitution of the NIR-AZA fluorophore, which is atypical for membrane probes as it does not contain zwitterionic lipid substituents. The aggregation/disaggregation properties of the NIR-fluorophore have been investigated in model surfactant and synthetic liposomal systems and shown to be emissive responsive to both. Real-time live cell imaging experiments in HeLa Kyoto and MC3T3 cells showed a rapid switch on of emission specific to the plasma membrane of viable and apoptotic cells attributable to a disaggregation-induced emission of the probe. Image analysis software confirmed localisation of fluorescence to the plasma membrane. Cell membrane staining was also effective for formaldehyde fixed cells, with staining possible either before or after fixation. This study adds new and important findings to recent developments of DIE responsive probes and further applications of this controllable emission-switching event are anticipated.

Near-infrared Mira Period–Luminosity Relations in M33

Abstract We analyze sparsely sampled near-infrared (JHK s ) light curves of a sample of 1781 Mira variable candidates in M33, originally discovered using I-band time-series observations. We extend our single-band semi-parametric Gaussian process modeling of Mira light curves to a multiband version and obtain improved period determinations. We use our previous results on near-infrared properties of candidate Miras in the LMC to classify the majority of the M33 sample into oxygen- or carbon-rich subsets. We derive period–luminosity relations for O-rich Miras and determine a distance modulus for M33 of 24.80 ± 0.06 mag.

Charge compensation effects of Yb3+ on the Bi+: near-infrared emission in PbF2 crystal.

The use of Yb3+ codoping for enhancing the near-infrared (NIR) emission in Bi, Yb codoped PbF2 crystal was investigated for the first time, to the best of our knowledge. The NIR and visible fluorescence emission properties of the as-grown crystals were investigated in detail. It was found that the Yb3+ ion can act as an effective charge compensated ion to bring about the conversion from Bi2+ to Bi+, enhancing the NIR fluorescence emission in Bi:PbF2 crystal. Moreover, the NIR fluorescence emission peaking at around 1090 and 1485nm was demonstrated to be two different Bi+ related centers, Bi(I) and Bi(II), respectively. These results suggest that Bi, Yb codoped PbF2 crystal may become an attractive gain material for developing NIR broadband lasers under pumps of different wavelengths.

Hybrid supramolecular materials constructed from pillar[5]arene based host–guest interactions with photo and redox tunable properties

Monocarboxylate functionalized pillar[5]arene 1 with excellent solubility in organic solvent was prepared. It could be abosorpted on the surface of gold nanorod spontaneously. Then, hybrid supramolecular materials were constructed from 1 stabilized gold nanorods and a linear dinitriles 2 driven by host–guest interaction. Interestingly, the hybrid supramolecular materials show dynamic near-infrared (NIR) and redox dual-responsive reversible properties. 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), optical microscopy, and specific viscosity were used to characterize the obtained materials and the reversible behavior under external stimuli. We suggest that this NIR and redox dual-responsiveness properties would be useful in preparation other smart materials and have potential in vivo applications.

铋铒共掺石英光纤的制备与近红外发光特性研究

铋铒共掺石英光纤的制备与近红外发光特性研究

Nonlocal effect on the transmission of a transverse electric electromagnetic wave through periodic dielectric-metal multilayers

The problem of electromagnetic response of a periodic dielectric-metal structure to transverse electric electromagnetic excitation is solved analytically on the basis of the Boltzmann kinetic equation formalism. We analyze the dispersion relation, transmission coefficient, and absorption for different angles of incidence. We show that, due to nonlocal dependence of the electron current density on the electric field in metal layers, the THz and near-infrared photonic properties of dielectric-metal structures are strikingly different from those obtained with the use of the simplified description based on the Drude–Lorentz model. In the limit of weak spatial dispersion, the developed theory reproduces the known results for transverse electric electromagnetic waves scattered by layered structures consisting of spatially local layers.