The excited state properties of thionated 5-fluorouridine (2',3',5'-tri-O-acetyl-5-fluoro-4-thiouridine; ta5F4TUrd), synthesized with Lawesson's reagent, have been intensively investigated with nanosecond transient absorption spectroscopy, time-resolved thermal lensing, near-infrared emission, and quantum chemical calculation. The intrinsic triplet lifetime of ta5F4TUrd was determined to be μs in acetonitrile, and the formation quantum yield of the excited triplet state was as large as . The quenching rate constants of the triplet ta5F4TUrd by the dissolved oxygen molecule and by the self-quenching process were found to be nearly equal to the diffusion-controlled rate of acetonitrile. The quantum yield of the singlet molecular oxygen produced through energy transfer between the triplet ta5F4TUrd and the dissolved oxygen, , was successfully determined to be under the oxygen-saturated condition. From the oxygen concentration dependence of the value, the fraction of triplet ta5F4TUrd quenched by dissolved oxygen which gives rise to the 1 O2 * formation, , was successfully obtained to be , which was the largest among the thionucleobases and the thionucleosides reported so far. This could be due to the lower energy and/or the ππ* character of the triplet state.