Near Field Communication Technology Research Articles

Phase-separated porous nanocomposite with ultralow percolation threshold for wireless bioelectronics.

Realizing the full potential of stretchable bioelectronics in wearables, biomedical implants and soft robotics necessitates conductive elastic composites that are intrinsically soft, highly conductive and strain resilient. However, existing composites usually compromise electrical durability and performance due to disrupted conductive paths under strain and rely heavily on a high content of conductive filler. Here we present an in situ phase-separation method that facilitates microscale silver nanowire assembly and creates self-organized percolation networks on pore surfaces. The resultant nanocomposites are highly conductive, strain insensitive and fatigue tolerant, while minimizing filler usage. Their resilience is rooted in multiscale porous polymer matrices that dissipate stress and rigid conductive fillers adapting to strain-induced geometry changes. Notably, the presence of porous microstructures reduces the percolation threshold (Vc = 0.00062) by 48-fold and suppresses electrical degradation even under strains exceeding 600%. Theoretical calculations yield results that are quantitatively consistent with experimental findings. By pairing these nanocomposites with near-field communication technologies, we have demonstrated stretchable wireless power and data transmission solutions that are ideal for both skin-interfaced and implanted bioelectronics. The systems enable battery-free wireless powering and sensing of a range of sweat biomarkers-with less than 10% performance variation even at 50% strain. Ultimately, our strategy offers expansive material options for diverse applications.

NFC Data Security Using Hill Cipher

Near Field Communication (NFC) technology has become ubiquitous in various applications, from contactless payments to data transfer between devices. As the use of NFC expands, ensuring the security of transmitted data becomes paramount. This research investigates the application of Hill Cipher, a linear algebra-based encryption technique, to enhance the security of data transmitted via NFC. In the field of contemporary wireless technology, near-field communication (NFC) stands out as an important force, enabling contactless transactions and the seamless exchange of information between electronic devices. This research explores the innovative integration of NFC into the attendance input process, which is linked to a website-based attendance system. NFC's adaptability, which was initially prominent in payment cards, has expanded across industries, empowering smartphones, tablets, and wearable devices. This study contributes to the ongoing development of NFC technology, proposing a renewable solution for student attendance systems. With a vision of increased efficiency, this research anticipates increased utilization of time and resources, thereby providing a promising path for the advancement of attendance management. A comprehensive evaluation of the proposed NFC data security solution was conducted through simulations and practical implementations. The research assesses the impact on communication speed, energy consumption, and overall system performance. Results indicate that the integration of Hill Cipher introduces a negligible overhead on communication speed, making it a viable option for real-time NFC applications. Furthermore, the study addresses potential vulnerabilities and threats associated with NFC technology, emphasizing the role of Hill Cipher in mitigating risks such as eavesdropping and unauthorized data interception. The research considers practical implementation challenges and proposes strategies for seamless integration into existing NFC-enabled devices. In conclusion, this research contributes to the ongoing discourse on NFC data security by introducing Hill Cipher as a robust encryption mechanism. The findings underscore the feasibility of implementing this encryption technique without compromising the efficiency of NFC communication. The proposed secure communication protocol holds promise for enhancing the privacy and integrity of data transmitted via NFC, fostering trust in the expanding ecosystem of NFC-enabled applications.

Attendance Data Collection Using NFC Tags

In the field of contemporary wireless technology, near-field communication (NFC) stands out as an important force, enabling contactless transactions and the seamless exchange of information between electronic devices. This research explores the innovative integration of NFC into the attendance input process, which is linked to a website-based attendance system. NFC's adaptability, which was initially prominent in payment cards, has expanded across industries, empowering smartphones, tablets, and wearable devices. This study contributes to the ongoing development of NFC technology, proposing a renewable solution for student attendance systems. With a vision of increased efficiency, this research anticipates increased utilization of time and resources, thereby providing a promising path for the advancement of attendance management. Attendance tracking is a critical aspect of educational and organizational management, with traditional methods often plagued by inefficiencies and inaccuracies. This research explores the implementation of Near Field Communication (NFC) tags as a modern solution for attendance data collection. The study aims to assess the effectiveness of NFC technology in improving accuracy, efficiency, and real-time access to attendance information. The research employed a mixed-methods approach, incorporating a pilot study in an educational setting. NFC tags were distributed to participants, allowing for contactless attendance registration. Data was collected through observations, user feedback, and system logs. Additionally, a comparative analysis was conducted between NFC-based attendance tracking and traditional methods. Findings indicate a substantial improvement in accuracy and efficiency with NFC tags compared to traditional methods. Real-time data access provided administrators with up-to-the-minute attendance information, enabling timely interventions and streamlined record-keeping. User feedback highlighted the ease of use and convenience of the NFC-based system.

NFC-Enabled Photothermal-Based Microfluidic Paper Analytical Device for Glucose Detection

This study introduces the development of a photothermal-based microfluidic paper analytical device (PT-µPADs) integrated with Near-Field Communication (NFC) technology and smartphone readout for enzyme-free glucose quantification in human samples. With...

Weaving in the Threads

Weaving in the Threads

Smartphone-enabled 3D origami-fluidic paper-based electrochemical detection of myeloperoxidase activity for assessing wound infection

Early diagnosis of wound infections that aid in the assessment of the stage of wound infection is gaining interest for development of a new biomarker. In present research, a simple and portable 3D origami-fluidic paper-based electrochemical sensor is proposed for the detection of myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in wound exudate samples. The flow can be manipulated by an origami pattern of the paper allowing the electrochemical reaction to occur on the electrode surface. Glucose oxidase (GOx) was used for producing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and MPO antibodies were immobilized to capture the MPO to enhance the specificity. Prussian blue/MXene composite modified on the electrode act as a nanozyme for catalyzing H2O2. Then, data is wirelessly transferred to a smartphone using near-field communication (NFC) technology. Under the optimal conditions, our proposed device can detect MPO activity in ranges 0.5–5 U/ml (R2 =0.9697), demonstrating a strong correlation with a colorimetric MPO activity kit when tested with real wound fluid samples (n = 6, R2 = 0.9198). Notably, our method can differentiate between non-infected and infected wounds (p-value < 0.05) by analyzing MPO activity extracted from used wound-dressing gauzes (n = 10). Therefore, our device offers a rapid portable device for MPO activity that is promising for resource-limited settings.

The use of IoT-based wearable devices to ensure secure lightweight payments in FinTech applications

Daily digital payments in Financial Technology (FinTech) are growing exponentially. A huge demand is for developing secure, lightweight cryptography protocols for wearable IoT-based devices. The devices hold the consumer information and transit functions in a secure environment to provide authentication and confidentiality using contactless Near-Field Communication (NFC) or Bluetooth technologies. On the other hand, Security breaches have been observed in various dimensions, especially in wearable payment technologies. In this paper, we developed a threat model in the proposed framework and how to mitigate these attacks. This study accepts the three-authentication factor, as biometrics is one of the user’s most vital authentication mechanisms. The scheme uses an “Elliptic Curve Integrated Encryption Scheme (ECIES)”, “Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (ECDSA)” and “Advanced Encryption Standard (AES)” to encrypt the messages between the entities to ensure higher security. The security analysis of the proposed scheme is demonstrated through the Real-or-Random oracle model (RoR) and Scyther’s widely accepted model-checking tools. Finally, we present a comparative summary based on security features, communication cost, and computation overhead of existing methods, specifying that the proposed framework is secure and efficient for all kinds of remote and proximity payments, such as mini, macro, and micro-payments, using wearable devices.

UNIVERSAL ANDROID-BASED ATTENDANCE APPLICATION USING THE GEOFENCE METHOD

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Generally, companies usually apply attendance procedures using the fingerprint attendance machine every employee in the office without exception. A common problem that happens is in the marketing of employees who are more than once out of office in 1 day forget to do a presence that can affect salary reduction sanctions. As a solution to the problem, there should bepresence applications using Global Positioning System (GPS) technology and utilizing NFC (Near Field Communication) technology. By using this application, marketing personnel no longer need to perform a presence with fingerprints on the presence machine, but only need to carry a smartphone device equipped with GPS. The app works by recording employee attendance at the office location as an office entry status and recording the status outside of the office when the Marketing force leaves the office. In this system also implements the Geofence method as an indication of the radius in which the user can perform the attendance process&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

Examining the influence of trust and perceived risk on customers intention to use NFC mobile payment system

The current study investigates how perceived risks and trust factors affect customers' intentions to use mobile payment applications that utilize near-field communication (NFC) technology. The author created a conceptual model that includes five elements: intention to use, perceived risk, process-based trust, characteristics-based trust, and institution-based trust. Data was gathered through an online survey of 469 participants and analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling techniques. The results indicate that only three of the four tested constructs significantly impact customers' decisions to use NFC mobile payments: perceived risk, process-based trust, and characteristics-based trust. Additionally, the study found that age and gender do not play a significant role in influencing the model constructs; therefore, the findings of current research highlight how perceived risk and trust have a pivotal role of in shaping customers' intention to use NFC as a mobile payment and how trust can substantially mitigate customers' perceived risk. Hence, this knowledge can aid in developing effective strategies for promoting mobile payment adoption among consumers.

Users' Perception of NFC Technology in Digital Payment Transactions in Indonesia

Near Field Communication (NFC) technology is growing and starting to be used on mobile devices such as smartphones. However, there are still differences in the factors of user perception and acceptance of the use of the NFC system in previous studies. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the influence of factors such as Actual System Use, Attitudes Toward Use, Behavioral Intentions, Perceived Ease of Use, Perceived Safety, Perceived Benefits, and Subjective Norms on user acceptance of the NFC system on smartphone users. in Indonesia. In this study, a quantitative approach was used with the online survey method which was conducted on 150 respondents who use smartphones in Indonesia. Respondents taken are smartphone users who have used NFC technology. The collected data were analyzed using the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) method. The results of the study show that the user's perception of the ease of use and the benefits and safety of using the NFC system has a significant influence on the user's acceptance of using it. However, the subject norm for NFC technology does not have a significant effect on user acceptance. The implication of this research is the importance of paying attention to the factors that influence user perceptions in developing and promoting the use of the NFC system among smartphone users in Indonesia.

MagneComm+: Near-Field Electromagnetic Induction Communication With Magnetometer

Near-field communication (NFC) technology emerges as a vital role with appealing benefits for users to improve mobile device's functionality. Although today's most smartphones and smartwatches come with NFC support, other mobile devices (e.g., PC and laptops) and IoT devices that don't equip with dedicated radio modules cannot take advantage of wide-scale NFC capability. We design and develop MagneComm+, an NFC implementation scheme without dedicated hardware and propose a novel near-field communication protocol that is applicable to almost all mobile devices and IoT devices. The key idea is to utilize the electromagnetic induction (EMI) signal emitted from the computing devices (e.g., CPUs) and captured by magnetometers on mobile devices for communication. We tackle challenges in data encoding/decoding, preamble detection, retransmission and error correction, multi-transmitter, and full-duplex schemes, to efficiently generate and reliably receive EMI signal with the hardware available on devices. We prototype MagneComm+ on both between laptops and smartphones, as well as between two laptops with an external magnetometer. Extensive evaluation results show that our MagneComm+ supports around 10cm communication distance with average 110 bit per second (bps) data rate on the normal-speed mode, and maximum 17.28kbps on the full-speed mode.

An overview of NFC Technology for Wireless Communication

This article discusses about wireless communication technologies such as IEEE 802.15.4, Wireless Sensor Network (WSN), Ultra-High Frequency (UHF) and Near Field Communication (NFC) technologies are described. The part of industry and everyday life could be significantly impacted by Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN). A wireless sensor network (WSN) is a collection of sensor nodes that communicate with one another using wireless technologies. These nodes gather data and send it to the gateway across the Internet, the informal cloud. In a WSN, node-to-node communication may be multi-hop or direct. Every new concept or technology attempts to be integrated into the WSN in order to increase efficiency, improve user experience, and consume less power. Near Field Communications (NFC), a type of wireless networking technology allows to establish simple, secure and interactive communication. iPack is a technology that focuses on integrating NFC into pre-existing systems to create a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) that supports NFC. Furthermore, data from a sensor node can be transferred to devices with a single touch by using this method. NFC with WSN is a single hop communication. The NFC interface also offers a safe wireless connection.

Experimental approaches to NFC-enabled packaging for UX / CX of physical artefacts: A technology maturity study

Product's packaging with integrated electronic intelligence turns into a visual, tactile and digital encounter with consumers influencing their shopping experience and purchase behavior. The Near Field Communication (NFC) tag attached to the packaging can transform everyday objects into a direct communication channel. However, the NFC technology is still not widely accepted by the industry, thus it is necessary to analyze the influential factors related to consumer behavior, changing needs, and acceptance. As a result, this study carries out the user experiment, where a product's packaging with NFC capabilities is built and tested with selected participants to track user engagement with the smart interactive packaging. The main aim of this study is to examine the peculiarities of the user interaction with NFC-enabled packaging to find out consumer perception and technology acceptance of NFC to retrieve more comprehensive insights regarding barriers to the successful NFC application to a product's packaging. The participants were asked to interact with a set of three NFC-enabled cardboard packages with attached NFC stickers, and afterwards each participant evaluated their experience via survey designed based on Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). According to the results, all three proposed research hypotheses were tested and confirmed to some extent. This study provides a thorough elaboration regarding the technology- and consumer-related barriers that might prevent the successful acceptance of NFC technology applied to the packaging. This research contributes to a better understanding of how different variables have an impact on consumers’ perception and technology acceptance of NFC. All business management practitioners, marketers and designers could employ the results of this research as a way to improve the adoption process of the NFC technology in the packaging industry.

BreedingEIS: An Efficient Evaluation Information System for Crop Breeding

Crop breeding programs generate large datasets. Thus, it is difficult to ensure the accuracy and integrity of all the collected data in the breeding process. To improve breeding efficiency, we established an open source and free breeding evaluation information system (BreedingEIS). The full system is composed of a web client and a mobile client. The web client is used to name the individual breeding offspring plants and analyze data. The mobile client is based on the technology of widely used smartphones and is suitable for Android and iOS systems. Its functions focus on field evaluation, including quick response code recognition, evaluation data entry, and real-time viewing. In addition, near-field communication technology and portable label machines are introduced to enable breeders to quickly locate each individual plant and accurately label any samples collected from it. Generally, BreedingEIS enables users to accurately and conveniently register phenotypic data and quickly lock target individual plants from large volumes of data. The system provides a low-cost and highly efficient solution for crop information evaluation and enables breeders to better collect, manage, and use breeding data for decision making, which is a valuable resource for crop breeding.

Security problems and countermeasures against attacks in NFC

Near Field Communication (NFC) technology is widely used due to its ease of use. However, NFC is vulnerable to security attacks such as man-in-the-middle; denial of service (DOS), etc. These attacks lead to the leakage of important user data, which can affect any organization that uses NFC applications and technologies. This article discusses NFC vulnerabilities and different types of NFC attacks. The article also discusses possible solutions that could protect NFC from these security threats.

Privacy-Aware Architectures for NFC and RFID Sensors in Healthcare Applications

World population and life expectancy have increased steadily in recent years, raising issues regarding access to medical treatments and related expenses. Through last-generation medical sensors, NFC (Near Field Communication) and radio frequency identification (RFID) technologies can enable healthcare internet of things (H-IoT) systems to improve the quality of care while reducing costs. Moreover, the adoption of point-of-care (PoC) testing, performed whenever care is needed to return prompt feedback to the patient, can generate great synergy with NFC/RFID H-IoT systems. However, medical data are extremely sensitive and require careful management and storage to protect patients from malicious actors, so secure system architectures must be conceived for real scenarios. Existing studies do not analyze the security of raw data from the radiofrequency link to cloud-based sharing. Therefore, two novel cloud-based system architectures for data collected from NFC/RFID medical sensors are proposed in this paper. Privacy during data collection is ensured using a set of classical countermeasures selected based on the scientific literature. Then, data can be shared with the medical team using one of two architectures: in the first one, the medical system manages all data accesses, whereas in the second one, the patient defines the access policies. Comprehensive analysis of the H-IoT system can be useful for fostering research on the security of wearable wireless sensors. Moreover, the proposed architectures can be implemented for deploying and testing NFC/RFID-based healthcare applications, such as, for instance, domestic PoCs.

Implementation of the internet of things on smart posters using near field communication technology in the tourism sector

Tourism promotion in Pekanbaru is one step in increasing the number of tourists visiting Pekanbaru City. Through tourism promotion, tourists will find out where the locations are in Pekanbaru and information related to these tourist objects. This research aims to design a tourism promotion system using near-field communication (NFC) smart posters using smartphones in the city of Pekanbaru and apply NFC technology to Android smartphones in the city of Pekanbaru. Promote tourism in the city of Pekanbaru. They were testing this application with the System Usability Score, which had a good score of 74.30. This study shows that the planning and modeling of the smart poster system using NFC technology makes it easier to identify important information for every tourism activity in Pekanbaru. The results of this study are the design and product of an intelligent poster using NFC on an Android smartphone that can help users achieve information so that it is more effective and efficient.

Implementation of the internet of things on smart posters using near field communication technology in the tourism sector

Tourism promotion in Pekanbaru is one step in increasing the number of tourists visiting Pekanbaru City. Through tourism promotion, tourists will find out where the locations are in Pekanbaru and information related to these tourist objects. This research aims to design a tourism promotion system using near-field communication (NFC) smart posters using smartphones in the city of Pekanbaru and apply NFC technology to Android smartphones in the city of Pekanbaru. Promote tourism in the city of Pekanbaru. They were testing this application with the System Usability Score, which had a good score of 74.30. This study shows that the planning and modeling of the smart poster system using NFC technology makes it easier to identify important information for every tourism activity in Pekanbaru. The results of this study are the design and product of an intelligent poster using NFC on an Android smartphone that can help users achieve information so that it is more effective and efficient.

Development of a smart attendance system using near field communication (SMAT-NFC)

Taking attendance for classes has become more challenging, especially at institutions, due to the growing students population. Typically, the teacher calls names and writes them down. This approach has a number of drawbacks because when recording their attendance, students are diverted from the presentation and may register for absent classmates. The smart attendance solution suggested in this study allows students to tap their student identity (ID) card on a near field communication (NFC) reader, streamlining the attendance procedure by using near field communication (NFC) technology. The technique is affordable, effective, and simple to keep up. Automating student attendance saves time and alleviates anxiety. The average time for the NFC system to take a student's attendance is 3.5 seconds, compared to 16 seconds for the conventional method. The inaccuracy associated with recording attendance is reduced by 31% thanks to NFC technology. The numerical results of the NFC-based scheme are compared with the traditional scheme and observed that the proposed scheme outperforms the conventional scheme.

Smartphone-based electrochemical analysis integrated with NFC system for the voltammetric detection of heavy metals using a screen-printed graphene electrode.

The electrochemical determination of five heavy metals is demonstrated using a wireless and card-sized potentiostat coupled with a smartphone through near-field communication (NFC) technology. A smartphone application was customized to command the NFC potentiostat, collect real-time signals, process the data, and ultimately display the quantities of the selected elements. The screen-printed graphene electrode (SPGE) was simply fabricated and modified using different nanomaterials for each heavy metal. Using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) mode on the smartphone, the signal peaks were presented at + 10mV for As(III), + 350mV for Cr(VI), 0mV for Hg(II), - 900mV for Cd(II), and - 680mV vs. Ag/AgCl for Pb(II). The linear ranges were 25-500, 250-25,000, 100-1,500, 25-750, 25-750ngmL-1 with detection limits of 3.0, 40, 16, 2.0, and 0.95ngmL-1 for As(III), Cr(VI), Hg(II), Cd(II), and Pb(II), respectively. The reproducibility in terms of relative standard deviation was less than 8.8% (n = 5 devices) of the developed SPGE coupled with the NFC potentiostat. Various samples for different applications (e.g., food safety and environmental monitoring) were analyzed and quantified using the proposed sensors. The results from this sensor indicate that there is no significant difference (95% confidence level) compared with those obtained from the traditional ICP-OES method, while the recoveries were found in the acceptable range of 80-111%. Hence, it can be deduced that this recent advanced technology of the NFC potentiostat developed for heavy metal analysis offers a highly sensitive and selective detection, yet the sensor remains compact, low-cost, and readily accessible to end-users.