Near Field Communication Mobile Payment Research Articles

Tackling Tomorrow's Challenges With NFC Mobile Payment in Public Transport System

This study delves into Near Field Communication (NFC) mobile payment for Kuala Lumpur's public transit, focusing on public Awareness and attitudes. Through an online survey, 333 completed responses were gathered from Kuala Lumpur residents. Statistical analysis, including Cronbach's Alpha Reliability Test, Spearman's Correlation Coefficient Analysis, Descriptive Analysis, and Multiple Linear Regression Analysis revealed significant positive correlations between Awareness, Attitude, and NFC adoption for public transportation. Results highlight a strong association between Attitude and NFC adoption inclination, indicating widespread Awareness and favorability. These insights are crucial for policymakers and stakeholders implementing NFC technology in Kuala Lumpur's public transport system.

Examining the influence of trust and perceived risk on customers intention to use NFC mobile payment system

The current study investigates how perceived risks and trust factors affect customers' intentions to use mobile payment applications that utilize near-field communication (NFC) technology. The author created a conceptual model that includes five elements: intention to use, perceived risk, process-based trust, characteristics-based trust, and institution-based trust. Data was gathered through an online survey of 469 participants and analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling techniques. The results indicate that only three of the four tested constructs significantly impact customers' decisions to use NFC mobile payments: perceived risk, process-based trust, and characteristics-based trust. Additionally, the study found that age and gender do not play a significant role in influencing the model constructs; therefore, the findings of current research highlight how perceived risk and trust have a pivotal role of in shaping customers' intention to use NFC as a mobile payment and how trust can substantially mitigate customers' perceived risk. Hence, this knowledge can aid in developing effective strategies for promoting mobile payment adoption among consumers.

Fostering Mobile Payment Adoption: A Case of Near Field Communication (NFC)

This study aims to investigate the adoption intention of NFC mobile payment services among consumers in Malaysia. Data collected from 218 respondents were analysed using Partial-Least-Square. The results reveal that consumers’ technology readiness is positively related with perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use and intention to adopt NFC. Technology availability has also provided similar results regarding its relationship with perceived ease of use and intention to adopt NFC. The results also show the mediation effects of perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness of the technology in the relationship between technology availability and perceived usefulness, as well as between perceived ease of use and intention to adopt NFC, respectively. The findings of this study suggest the need for the industrial player to target the group of consumers who are innovative. It is also important for banking institutions to reinvent the card system to support NFC infrastructure, so that mass adoption could be created. This study fills the research voids by integrating the established mobile technology acceptance model with two constructs – consumers’ technology readiness and technology availability.

Investigating the Effect of Perceived Security, Perceived Trust, and Information Quality on Mobile Payment Usage through Near-Field Communication (NFC) in Saudi Arabia

This study aims to investigate the perceptions of near-field communication (NFC) usage for mobile payments in Saudi Arabia. In order to develop a mathematical framework for the acceptance of NFC quality of information for mobile payments, researchers have combined the technological acceptance model (TAM) and the idea of perceived risk. An online and physical study of 1217 NFC portable credit card holders in Saudi Arabia was conducted. Exploratory and confirmatory analyses were utilized to analyze the factor structure of the measurement items, and Smart PLS 2.0 from structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to assess the theories and hypotheses that had been put forth. The results show that (1) social influence, perceived element of risk, and subjective norms each have a negative influence on preconceptions of trust in online payment methods using NFC; (2) social influence, perceived element of risk, and social norms all have a positive effect on satisfaction with the security of electronic payment using NFC; (3) perceived ease of use has a negative effect on perceived confidence in digital payment using NFC; and (4) perceived ease of use has a negative effect on perceived trust in online payment using NFC. As a consequence of these findings, users’ attitudes regarding the use of NFC and behavioral intentions to utilize NFC mobile payment can be revealed. This study created a unique approach for assessing perceptions, perceived trust, and NFC information quality in mobile payment uptake in Saudi Arabia. As a consequence, banks may find this research useful as they implement new strategies to attract more customers, such as perceived security, brand trust, and NFC information quality in mobile payment adaption.

Performance Analysis of SAP-NFC Protocol

The operations cost of authentication session is considered as strict indicator to evaluate the authentication protocols side by side with the security requirements achievements in the Near Field Communication (NFC) technology. The secure authentication protocol for the NFC mobile payment systems (SAP-NFC) one of the recent authentication protocols that have proposed to achieve high level of security features such as the fully mutual authentication, anonymity and untraceability. Moreover, the SAP-NFC protocol can prevent the current security attacks. This paper, analyzes the performance of the SAP-NFC protocol comparing with the other recent NFC mobile payment protocols in the NFC devices that are included in the system. The performance analysis has illustrated that the SAP-NFC protocol not only supports strong security features, but also offers low cost in term of amount of computations.

Predicting the Intention and Adoption of Near Field Communication Mobile Payment.

With the increasing use of mobile devices and new technologies, electronic payments, such as near field communication (NFC) mobile payments, are gaining traction and gradually replacing the currency-based cash payment methods. Despite multiple initiatives by various parties to encourage mobile payments, adoption rates in developing countries have remained low. The purpose of this research is to explore the prime determinants of NFC mobile-payment adoption intention and to develop a model of mobile payment adoption that includes perceived risk (PR) as one of the major elements by extending the UTAUT2 theory components. An online survey was used to acquire data from 370 NFC mobile payments users for the current study. To validate the components and their correlations, structural equation modelling (SEM) was implemented. According to the findings, performance expectancy (PE), hedonic motivation (HM), social influence (SI), and facilitating conditions (FC) have substantial impacts on the consumers’ intentions to adopt NFC mobile payments (INFC). Effort expectancy (EE) and PR were reported to have no considerable effects on the adoption intention. In addition, INFC is revealed to be a major mediator between the associations of the actual adoption of NFC mobile payment (ANFC) with PE, HM, and SI. The findings of the study would assist providers and marketers in better understanding of the consumers’ behavior, designing effective marketing strategies to enhance the consumers’ positive intentions, and achieving the mass adoption of NFC mobile payments in different environmental contexts.

A holistic analysis of near field communication mobile payments: an empirical analysis

The improvement of near field communication (NFC) technology has increased the number of its applications, although it is still incipient in the field of mobile payments. So far, studies that have analysed the adoption of NFC mobile payment systems have used classic models. To improve this proposal, this study incorporated a set of drivers proposed in research related to mobile payments: perceived compatibility, individual mobility, subjective norms, personal innovation and perceived security. The resulting model was analysed after implementing an online questionnaire with 499 users in Europe. The results confirm all the hypotheses raised with the exception of one related to ease of use. Finally, we highlight the main implications for management and cite some strategies to reinforce this new business in the context of new technical developments.

Fully Authentication Services Scheme for NFC Mobile Payment Systems

One commonly used wireless communication technology is Near-Field Communication (NFC). Smartphones that support this technology are used in contactless payment systems as identification devices to emulate credit cards. This technology has essentially focused on the quality of communication services and has somewhat disregarded security services. Communication messages between smartphones, the point of sale (POS), and service providers are susceptible to attack due to existing weaknesses, including that an adversary can access, block and modify the transmitted messages to achieve illegal goals. Therefore, there have been many research proposals in regards to authentication schemes for NFC communications in order to prevent various types of attacks. However, the proposed schemes remain inadequate to secure payment transactions in such systems. In this paper, we propose a fully authentication services scheme for NFC mobile payment systems in order to support a high security level. The proposed scheme has security services, such as a full authentication process, perfect forward secrecy, and simultaneous anonymity of the smartphone and POS. These security services have been validated using the BAN logic model and an automatic cryptographic protocol verifier (ProVerif) tool. A security analysis has clarified that the proposed scheme can prevent various types attacks. A comparison with recent authentication schemes demonstrates that the proposed scheme has an appropriate cost in different sides such as computation, communication and storage space. Therefore, the proposed scheme not only has appealing security features, but can also clearly be utilized in mobile payment systems.

A new NFC mobile payment protocol using improved GSM based authentication

Mobile payments have received a lot of attention because they are available at any time and place. One of the various payment methods is Near Field Communication (NFC) mobile payment. As a result of potential problems that may arise using mobile payments such as fraud and information theft, the security of mobile payment protocols is pivotal. One of the critical stages in mobile payment security is the mutual authentication between the user and the Mobile Network Operator (MNO). Global System for Mobile (GSM) proposed a protocol to mutual authentication using symmetric key cryptographic method. In this paper, we have introduced a new protocol for NFC mobile payment, which improves the GSM authentication protocol due to the existence of symmetric cryptographic security threats, and uses an asymmetric encryption method to mutual authentication. Also, this protocol reduces the number of required key-pairs for authentication. Furthermore, our proposed protocol, increases resistance to attacks such as replay attack, DOS, eavesdropping attacks, repudiation, man in the middle attack and de-synchronization. Because mobile devices have limited resources and processing power, our proposed protocol reduces the signalling overhead and processing load of the client-side as much as possible.

Examining the determinants of continuance intention to use and the moderating effect of the gender and age of users of NFC mobile payments: a multi-analytical approach

The interest in m-payments through mobile phones to replace the use of cash, credit cards or cheques is rapidly increasing in our society. The present study aims to examine the situation of near field communication (NFC) m-payment services along with the determinants of users’ continuance intention. To this intent, a sample of 1840 respondents with experience in using NFC payments participated in an online survey. During the first phase of this research, an structural equation modelling (SEM) technique was used to identify the acceptance predictors of mobile payments as well as to analyse the eventual moderating effect of the gender and age of the users of this tool. The second phase focused on the neural network model’s proficiency in assessing the relative impact of the most relevant predictors stemming from the aforementioned SEM analysis. The results obtained revealed subjective norms, risk, perceived usefulness, customer brand engagement and trust as the most significant antecedents of continuance intention towards NFC payments. The study also discusses the managerial implications derived from this research while assessing and suggesting potential user behaviour-based business opportunities for service providers.

Determine Factors of NFC Mobile Payment Continuous Adoption in Shopping Malls

Near Field Communication (NFC) mobile payment systems allow users to utilize services through smartphones. There is insufficient literature exploring the adoption of NFC with payment scenarios in developing countries. This study aims to explore the influential factors of consumer adoption of NFC, taking payment behaviors through NFC in Indonesia as an example. One hundred forty-seven participants were enrolled in the 5-point Likert scale survey, and 124 valid samples were analyzed with Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The results show that trust mediates the effect of context on consumers' continuous intention to use NFC mobile payment. Additionally, trust mediates the effect of perceived risk on consumers' continuous intention to use. The perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness have no effects on consumers' continuous intention to use. The mediating effect of religiosity has not been observed in this study. The findings can enbale service providers and local governments to offer better mobile payment services.

A lightweight and secure NFC‐base mobile payment protocol ensuring fair exchange based on a hybrid encryption algorithm with formal verification

SummaryDuring the past few years, many near‐field communication (NFC) mobile payment protocols have been widely used and received more and more attentions. This could be an essential factor for the growth of the world economy and leads to the improvement of the quality of life for human beings. The NFC mobile payment is one prominent approach in allowing m‐commerce to conduct a sales transaction. However, fair exchange and information security are significant concerns in creating trust among the parties participating in the transaction. Many NFC mobile payment protocols have been introduced by researchers. But, most of them still lack some crucial properties of information security and fair exchange, and this can be an obstacle to their uses. In this article, we propose an NFC mobile payment protocol that possesses comprehensive properties of both information security and fair exchange for sales transaction processing. The protocol employs both symmetric and asymmetric encryptions, hash function, and the technique of offline session key generation, in order to improve the security while maintaining the lightweight property. The fairness analysis shows that the proposed protocol is more competent and effective than others. It can resolve any dispute in case one party misbehaves. Finally, the proposed protocol's security has been successfully verified using both Burrows, Abadi and Needham (BAN logic) and the Scyther tool.

The influence of individual differences on NFC-based mobile payment adoption in the restaurant industry

论餐饮业中个体区别对移动支付的使用摘要研究目的近场通讯（NFC）技术在餐饮业中的应用逐渐流行。然而, 消费者对于这种技术的使用率却仍然很低。本论文研究个体区别对餐饮业中NFC移动技术使用的影响。研究设计/方法/途径本论文通过亚马逊Mturk收集数据。问卷开始, 先播放有关NFC移动支付系统的使用短视频, 以使受访者对该技术有足够的了解。样本数量共为410份在线问卷。本论文使用Dunnett’s C post hoc ANOVA分析方法来对比个体区别, 包括性别、年龄、之前经历、收入、和学历。研究结果本论文研究表明, 消费者的过去经历、年龄、和性别, 对消费者在餐馆使用NFC技术有显著影响。然而, 与之前文献结论相悖, 本论文未发现学历和收入对消费者在餐馆中使用NFC移动支付行为有显著影响。研究理论限制/意义本论文研究了餐馆顾客对NFC技术的使用倾向, 而并未观察到餐馆顾客的真实使用行为。长期研究衡量实际使用行为将对本论文结果有很好的支持作用。相同的, 本论文并没有研究对不同餐饮形态和经营权的潜在差异做区分（比如, 专营制vs 连锁制 或者快餐类 vs高档餐厅）。因此, 未来研究可以参考这些因素, 重复本研究设计, 以发掘餐馆顾客在行为意向中的潜在区别因素。研究实践意义根据消费者人口统计指数来实行细分市场战略可以成为企业增加竞争力的一种方式。本研究表明, 科技提供商和餐馆经营者应该定义和制定更有效的战略, 使得其满足不同的细分市场需求, 增加NFC移动支付技术的使用。研究原创性/价值餐饮和旅游专业认为, 移动支付将很快成为消费者倾向使用的支付方式。此外, 美国很多餐馆看到其有利, 正在使用NFC移动支付系统。然而, 近期营销研究显示, NFC移动支付的使用率还是很低, 并没有得到餐馆顾客的青睐。既然总体上很少研究对移动支付进行了研究, 尤其是NFC基础的移动支付技术, 那么针对个人特色对移动支付的使用的研究显得必要。关键词近场通讯（NFC）、移动支付、餐馆、技术使用、消费者行为纸张类型文献综述

Understanding the impact of financial incentives on NFC mobile payment adoption

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of financial incentives on consumers’ intention to adopt near field communication (NFC) mobile payment.Design/methodology/approachAn online experiment was conducted crossing two levels of incentive types (cash back and discount), two levels of incentive amounts (5 and 10 percent), and two levels of incentive promotion periods (one and three months). A total of eight treatment conditions plus one control group comprised the 2×2×2 factorial design. A sample of 463 subjects with no prior experience with NFC mobile payment was recruited using a Qualtrics panel.FindingsThis study found that: the availability of financial incentives had a positive effect on intention to adopt NFC mobile payment; financial incentives indirectly affected intention through perceived risk; and while different types, amounts or promotion periods did not seem to matter for those in the low perceived risk group, the main effect of promotion period and the interaction effect between amount and promotion period were significant for those in the high perceived risk group.Research limitations/implicationsThe study sample was limited from 18 to 35 age group, which could have affected the varied effect of the different attributes of incentives that were examined.Originality/valueThis study is the first to give some empirical evidence about the impact of financial incentives on NFC mobile payment adoption. The results provide insight to providers as well as retailers offering the incentive payment option.

To use or not to use, that is the question: Analysis of the determining factors for using NFC mobile payment systems in public transportation

There is growing interest in our society in making payments using mobile phones as an alternative to using cash, checks or credit cards. The objective of this study is to analyze the status of Near Field Communication (NFC) mobile payment systems in public transportation, as well as the factors that affect users' intentions to continue using said systems. To meet this objective, a personal survey was conducted on a sample of 180 users with experience using this type of system. A comprehensive review of the scientific literature justifies the development of a behavioral model that explains the continuance intention of NFC mobile payments through a structural equation model. The results show that satisfaction, service quality, effort expectancy, and perceived risk are determining factors of the continuance intention to use this technology. Finally, the managerial conclusions and implications offer the companies that manage these public services new business opportunities based on user behaviors.

Mobile payment is not all the same: The adoption of mobile payment systems depending on the technology applied

This study compares the factors that determine consumer acceptance SMS (Short Message Service), NFC (Near Field Communication) and QR (Quick Response) mobile payment systems, in addition to determining the principal factors which influence the adoption of these mobile payment systems as means payment. A comprehensive review of the scientific literature has justified the development of a behavioral model that explains intention to use of mobile payments. The results and novelty of this research lies in the formulation of a different behavior according to the use given by users to each of the proposed payment tools. The conclusions and implications for management provide alternatives for companies.

Factors of Adoption Intention for Near Field Communication Mobile Payment

Near field communication mobile payment (NMP) is simple to use and beneficial to consumers, yet its adoption among consumers in Malaysia is still at the beginning stage and the adoption rate is relatively lower compared to other countries in the world. The aim of this study is to identify factors that affect the adoption intention of NMP among consumers in Malaysia, by using Faculty of Computer and Mathematical Sciences (FSKM), UiTM Shah Alam as the case study for this research. The quantitative data analysis approach is used in this study. There were 150 questionnaires analyzed using the SPSS. This research identified three factors that affect the adoption intention of NMP which are perceived usefulness, perceived cost and compatibility. By understanding the factors affecting the intention to adopt NMP, financial technology companies can focus to provide the solutions according to market interest, needs and readiness.

Performance Analysis of SAP-NFC Protocol

The operations cost of authentication session is considered as strict indicator to evaluate the authentication protocols side by side with the security requirements achievements in the Near Field Communication (NFC) technology. The secure authentication protocol for the NFC mobile payment systems (SAP-NFC) one of the recent authentication protocols that have proposed to achieve high level of security features such as the fully mutual authentication, anonymity and untraceability. Moreover, the SAP-NFC protocol can prevent the current security attacks. This paper, analyzes the performance of the SAP-NFC protocol comparing with the other recent NFC mobile payment protocols in the NFC devices that are included in the system. The performance analysis has illustrated that the SAP-NFC protocol not only supports strong security features, but also offers low cost in term of amount of computations.

CORRELATION ANALYSIS BETWEEN FACTORS INFLUENCING THE USAGE INTENTION OF NFC MOBILE WALLET PAYMENT

The dramatic increase in the development of mobile technologies and the rising expansion of smartphones usage have results with vital opportunities for innovative corporations to develop new payment systems that offer consumers with value-added services. Near Field Communication (NFC) mobile payment system is becoming one of the highly noticeable phenomenons that is capable of turning users’ smartphones into digital wallets. Even though a lot of research has been conducted to address the consumers’ adoption of mobile payment, there are only few researches that have touched the user’s adoption of NFC mobile wallet from the human and security perspectives. The aim of this study is to analyze the factors influencing the consumers’ adoption of mobile payment. The study proposed a model that defines the dimensions of perceived security for NFC mobile payment to build understanding on how to improve the adoption rate of the technology. The model conceptualized two main dimensions containing eight independent factors namely, Perceived Ease of Use, Perceived Usefulness, Ubiquity, Awareness, Perceived Risk, Structural Assurance, Security and Privacy, and Trust. The study conducts a survey questionnaire that involves 209 valid respondents to evaluate the proposed conceptual model. Finally, the result of the correlation analysis shows that all the independent variables (Perceived Ease of Use, Perceived Usefulness, Ubiquity, Awareness, Perceived Risk, Structural Assurance, Security and Privacy, and Trust) have significant influence on the dependent variable (Intention to Adopt NFC Mobile Wallet Payment).

A Secure and Efficient Key Authentication using Bilinear Pairing for NFC Mobile Payment Service

Near Field Communication (NFC) is widely used as a contactless communication technology in mobile phones for mobile payments. However, achieving payment security is challenging due to the authentication between the NFC-enabled mobile phone users and the merchants. Attackers can use the vulnerabilities of card payment transactions to compromise the NFC communication message and then transmit the wrong payment information to the communicators. An efficiency key authentication scheme is proposed to help NFC-enabled mobile payment communication using bilinear pairing. The proposed scheme can furnish a secure environment for NFC mobile payments by providing unlinkability and unforgeability functions to prevent attack scenarios.