Nd-YAG Research Articles

The first experience of tracheal recanalization by tumor resection with Nd-YAG-laser

Actuality. Tracheal cancer is a rare disease which amounts up to 0.2% of the total number of cancers. Currently, there is an increase in the number of patients with impaired tracheal patency. Endoscopic procedures are most commonly used to restore and maintain the tracheal lumen. The key treatment for primary cancer is a surgical one; however, due to late diagnostics, the tumor is often inoperable. Chemotherapy for tracheal cancer is ineffective, and practically is not used. At present, endoscopic tracheal recanalization with laser vaporization is a method of choice in patients with inoperable tracheal tumors.Objective: to improve outcomes in patients with inoperable primary tracheal cancer using Nd-YAG laser either as the fi rst component of staged treatment strategy, or as the fi nal volume treatment.Methods. Patient K., 75 years old, was admitted to the hospital with complaints of dyspnea at rest, weakness and hemoptysis. As anamnesis showed, the patient had noticed a deterioration in her breathing during the last 6 months. CT scan revealed a volumetric formation (tumor) of the cervicothoracic trachea (8.0 cm above the bifurcation) with 90% stenosing in the lumen. When performing tracheobronchoscopy in the cervicothoracic trachea, a broad-based lumpy tumor, 5 cm long, stenosing the tracheal lumen by 2/3 was found on the posterior wall. Morphological examination of biopsy material revealed adenocystic carcinoma.Results. The performed endoscopic examination with neodymium YAG laser recanalization demonstrated the advantage of this technique in patients with inoperable tracheal tumors.Conclusion. Endoscopic recanalization of the trachea with neodymium YAG laser has been proven to be effective in patients with inoperable tracheal cancer. It improves their quality of life as well.

Separation Control of NACA0015 Airfoil using Plasma Actuators

Separation control of NACA0015 airfoil using plasma actuators was investigated. Plasma actuators in spanwise array, which consists of 21 electrodes, were located at the leading edge of the airfoil to give temporal periodic disturbances with phase variations into its boundary layer. The cord length of the airfoil was c = 100mm and corresponding Reynolds number was fixed at Re = 63,000. Non-dimensional frequency of the disturbance was chosen at F+ = 0.5 or 6. The gap between adjacent electrode was set as 1mm, and phase difference of the temporal periodic disturbances between adjacent electrode was set at φ = 0 or π. Velocity field was measured by conventional two-component PIV using a CCD camera (Imperx, B1922, 1920 x 1460pixels) and Nd-YAG laser (Quantel, Evergreen, 140mJ/pulse). Both large field of view (FOV) images capturing whole wing with surrounding flow and smaller FOV images focused on the separation bubble near leading edge were evaluated. Surface pressure was monitored by pressure transducers through pressure taps on the upper surface of airfoil. Lift and drag against the airfoil were measured using a two-component force balance.

Remove Skin Deformities by Using CO2 and Nd:Yag Laser

The treatment of some skin damage have been studied influence the laser beam CO2 and the Nd:Yag with wavelengths (10600nm and 1064 nm) respectively as foundation of radiation. The current research aims to verify effect of altered laser dosages of the skin in an attempt to recognize how the laser achieves medicinal effects to treat skin lesions. And the aims to establish the correlation between laser dose and biological influence and so after that calculate its low dose with higher medical influence and minimal harm to. The number of cases included four different diseases, ranging between 18-50 years. Areas of the body were exposed to laser beams and different wavelengths by type laser user. The first case, represent the image of a girl suffering from autoimmune disease, Nd:YAG laser was used with Q-swtich Nd: YAG to treat this condition and the wavelength is 1064 nm, second case, image of a person suffering from the impact. Fractional Co2 Laser and wavelength 10600 nm where used and third case: An image of a person suffering from costs, treatment by using Q-switch Nd-YAG laser short pulse has a wavelength of 1064nm.

A case of Nevus of Ota treated with laser picosecond Alexandrite 755 nm: A case-report

Background: Nevus of Ota is a well-defined dermal melanocytosis characterized by bilateral multiple small, bluish-brown macules in the area innervated by the first and second branches of the trigeminal nerve. Currently, the therapeutic modalities for this condition are still limited and complete resolution is difficult to achieve.Case Description: A 23-year-old woman complained a brown spot on the right cheek since the patient was born. It looked like the skin but slightly darker than its surroundings. Four years ago the patient had received 6 sessions of QS: Nd-YAG laser therapy, but the spot is still clearly visible. Dermatological status of the orbital, infraorbital, zygomatic, and right buccal regions showed multiple hyperpigmented patches, gray-brown, well-defined, geographically in shape with size 0.2 x 0.3cm – 5 x 7cm. The lesion was unilateral and distributed within the innervation area of the second and third trigeminal nerve. Miravex® skin analysis showed that the average level of melanin was 0.464 with a melanin variation of 45%. Therefore, patient was diagnosed with Nevus of Ota. The proposed treatment was picosecond alexandrite 755nm laser, with a frequency of 2.5 Hz, pulse duration 550-750 ps, spot size 4 mm, and fluence 1.59 J/cm2. A marked improvement was observed after the treatment and after 21 days, a good grade of improvement was reported.Conclusion: Nevus of Ota can effectively treated with 755nm picosecond alexandrite laser therapy and results in a good grade of improvement.

Comparison of Efficacy of Nd-YAG Laser with Adjuvant Eflornithine Cream versus Nd-YAG Laser alone for the treatment of facial hirsutism in women

Background: Hirsutism is an important array of clinical syndrome that ranges from various dermatological to gynecological concerns. This is characterized by growth terminal hairs in women in male-pattern. Aim: To compare the efficacy of Nd-YAG laser with adjuvant eflornithine cream versus Nd-YAG laser treatment alone for facial hirsutism in women. Methods: It was a Randomized Controlled Trial conducted in the Department of Dermatology, Shalamar Hospital, Lahore from 25th February, 2020 to 25th October, 2020. Sampling technique used was probability consecutive sampling. In this study female cases with age 18-40 years with Fitzpatrick type III-IV were enrolled having facial hirsutism for > 6 months and were randomly allocated in two groups A and B. In group A, cases were provided with eflornithine cream to apply on face after cleaning and drying in the form of a thin film only on the treatment area every night. Results: A total 162 cases (81 in each group) were enrolled in this study. Mean age of the subjects in group B and A was 30.23±5.43 vs 30.94±4.88 years. Efficacy was observed in 64(79.01%) cases in group B managed with ND-Yag laser alone and 78(96.30%) cases in group A managed with ND-Yag laser along with Eflornithine with p=0.001. For age group 30-40 years efficacy in group B was 41(80.39%) cases and in all the 49(100%) cases in group A with p= 0.001.In cases with BMI up to 25 kg/m2 efficacy in group B and A was observed in 44(88%) vs 49(100%) cases (p=0.03) and those with BMI more than this, this efficacy was found in 20(64.52%) and 29(90.63%) cases respectively with p=0.02. Conclusion: Efficacy in facial hirsutism is significantly better in ND-Yag laser combined with Eflornithine as compared to ND-Yag laser alone and this difference is also significantly better for combination group in terms of age group 30-40 years, BMI up to 25mg/m2 and in those with duration of complaint upto 2 years. Keywords: Hirsutism, Efficacy, Eflornithine, Nd-YAG laser

Optical and Morphological Properties of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesis by Q-Switched Nd-YAG Laser

Abstract. Laser ablation of a silver target immersed in distilled water utilizing Nd: YAG laser with wavelengths of 532nm,1064nm, and 1320nm was carried out to fabricate silver nanoparticles. The synthesis of Ag NPs was carried out using various laser energy (200-1000 mJ) and different pulses (200-1000 pulse). Optical properties for the Ag nanoparticles solution were tested using UV-Visible spectrum, while the morphological properties for the Ag-nanoparticles solution after deposited on glass were tested using the atomic force microscope (AFM). The results showed that the synthesis of the Ag-nanoparticles using pulsed laser ablation in liquid (PLAL) (water) gives nanoparticles with homogeneous grain distribution and uniform surface roughness. It was found that the absorption peaks of Ag NPs increase by increasing the number of pulses shoot for the same laser wavelength and laser energy, and the reported maximum value of absorption peak is 0.363 when using 1000 pulses shoot. AFM results showed that the average diameter of the Ag NPs prepared by PLAL increases with increasing the laser wavelength. However, when using laser wavelengths of 1320nm,1064nm, and 532nm, the resulted average diameter of silver nanoparticles will be 55.38nm, 34.18nm, and 30.3nm, respectively. Finally, the average surface roughness of the Ag NPs prepared by PLAL increased with increasing the laser wavelength. The obtained average surface roughness of silver nanoparticles when using wavelengths of 1320nm,1064nm, and 532nm were 2.75nm, 1.19nm, and1.06nm, respectively.

Optical Properties of Iron Oxide Thin Films Prepared by Pulsed Laser Ablation Method

Iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe2O3) were prepared by pulsed Nd-YAG laser ablation technology for a target of iron oxide in ultra-pure water with a constant number of pulses (250) with different ablation energies (400, 500, 600, 700 and 800) mJ and formed a colloidal solution for each energy. Optical properties were calculated and changing the energy value on the preparation of iron nanoparticles was shown, and the value of energy gap varies from (2.88-3.04) eV according to the change in the ablation energy.

Study of micro machining characteristics by Nd-YAG Laser on NiTinol shape memory alloy

ABSTRACT The micromachining of NiTinol shape memory alloy is exceptionally demanded in industry on account of its wide and expected use in different fields like aviation, biomedical designing. NiTinol shape memory alloy has enormous application in the vehicle and assembling industry. It accomplishes response surface methodology (RSM) approach based on numerical demonstrating of the machining qualities of the pulsed Nd:YAG laser during micro-channelling operation on 1 mm thick NiTinol shape memory alloy sheet. The tests were arranged and done in light of box-behnken design of experiments. Scanning speed, pulse width, frequency and current were the input parameters investigated in this study and furthermore, these parameters were also used to foster the RSM model. The reaction measures choose for the enhancement of upper width deviation (UWD) and lower width deviation (LWD) of the micro-channelling. Based on the experimental box-behnken design (BBD), micro channelling was performed on NiTinol sheet. The results reveal that the input parameters have a considerable impact on the quality of the micro channel. The ideal input parameter for the desired output parameters is found through particle swarm optimisation. The upper and lower width deviation were discovered with the use of a scanning electron microscopic images.

Laser generation and fragmentation of selenium nanoparticles in water and their testing as an additive to fertilisers

The generation of selenium nanoparticles in water and their fragmentation by a neodymium laser with a pulse repetition rate of 10 kHz and an average power of 20 W is experimentally investigated. The size distribution of selenium nanoparticles is determined using a measuring disk centrifuge. The particle morphology is analysed by transmission electron microscopy. It is found that laser ablation of a selenium target in water provides mainly submicron particles, which must be subjected to laser fragmentation in a solution to obtain selenium nanoparticles about 100 nm in size. These selenium nanoparticles are used as an additive to soil in which some crops are grown. The optimal selenium content in soil is determined.

Structural and Fluorescence Properties of TiO2/Ag Nanoparticles Bilayers

The optical properties of the TiO2 / Ag hybrid nanoparticles were improved as the particles were prepared with a pulsed liquid laser ablation (PLAL) technology. The effect of number of pulses (450) on the structural and optical properties of nanoparticles prepared in distilled water (DW) as growth media was examined using a Q-Switched Nd-YAG laser with wavelength (1064 nm), ablation energy (530 mJ) and repetition rate (1Hz). The distance between the target and the lens (10 cm). Several were used for the diagnosis such as X-ray diffraction analysis, fourier infrared transformations, TEM assays and fluorescence of the prepared samples. The results of X-ray diffraction analysis of the silver nanoparticles deposited on a glass slide showed that the crystal system is cubic and polycrystalline, with the direction being dominated by [111] at the level of the crystals. The results of X-ray diffraction analysis of a solution of titanium dioxide nanoparticles deposited on a glass slide revealed the presence of a quadrangular crystal system, indicating the presence of titanium dioxide particles in (rutile), and that the prevailing trend for crystalline levels is [110]. The functional groups of (TiO2 / Ag) were determined in the liquid medium by the (FTIR) technique. Also, TEM images showed the presence of nanoparticles and microparticles in an almost spherical shape. The fluorescence measurement of (TiO2 / Ag) hybrid particles showed that through the graph the peak values of (284.1) and (418.3) nm. This is roughly identical to the absorption spectrum results of a hybrid silver and titanium dioxide nanoparticle solution.

Efficacy of a combined Er:YAG laser and Nd:YAG laser in non-surgical treatment for severe periodontitis.

Severe periodontitis is challenging to treat. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a combined Er:YAG laser (ERL) and Nd:YAG laser (NDL) in non-surgical treatment for severe periodontitis. One week after supragingival scaling, 32 systemically healthy patients with stage III or IV periodontitis were randomly divided into a control group (16 subjects) and a test group (16 subjects). The control group was treated by scaling and root planning (SRP) with ultrasonic equipment and manual instruments, and the test group was treated by SRP as well as ERL and NDL. Before treatment, the following clinical parameters were recorded at baseline: debris index (DI), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and percentage of bleeding on probing (BOP %). Two months after therapy, the clinical parameters were recorded again, and the results between the groups were compared. All clinical parameters were significantly improved in both groups after therapy. For moderately deep periodontal pockets (4 mm ≤ PD ≤ 6 mm), the gains in CAL were greater in the test group (1.17 ± 1.47 mm) than in the control group (0.46 ± 2.78 mm), while no significant difference was found for PD reductions after therapy between the two groups. For deep periodontal pockets (PD > 6 mm), the differences in all of the clinical parameters were similar between the test group and the control group. In this short-term study, ERL and NDL radiation exhibited potential advantages in improving the clinical attachment level compared to conventional SRP in the non-surgical treatment of severe periodontitis.

Effects of CeO2, Si and Co on the microstructure and properties of Ni–Cu composite coating on 6061 aluminium alloy by laser cladding

ABSTRACT Ni–Cu composite coatings have been fabricated on a 6061 aluminium alloy surface using a pulsed Nd-YAG laser. The basic coating was Ni–Cu powder with a Ni:Cu ratio of 4:1. The effects of adding to this powder 0.9 wt.% CeO2, 0.9 wt.% Si and 0.9 wt.% Co on the microstructure, microhardness and wear properties of the coatings have been investigated. The results show that, on adding the CeO2, Si or Co powders, the microstructure of the top region of the coating is mainly composed of equiaxed grains, dendritic crystals and fine equiaxed crystals, whereas the bottom region mainly consists of long rod-like, dendritic crystals and some particles. The average microhardness of the 99.1 wt.% Ni–Cu + 0.9 wt.% CeO2 coating is 529.05 HV, which was about four times higher than that of the bare 6061 aluminium alloy. In addition, the average friction coefficient decreased on adding CeO2, Si and Co powder to the Ni–Cu composite coating.

Immobilization of Nuclear Waste Using Carbon Nanotubes Prepared by Laser Ablation in Liquid Method

In an attempt to disposal from nuclear waste which threats our health and environments. Therefore we have to find appropriate method to immobilize nuclear waste. So, in this research the nuclear waste (Strontium hydroxide) was immobilized by Carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The Nd-YAG laser with wave length 1064 nm, energy 750 mJ and 100 pulses used to prepare CNTs. After that adding Sr(HO)2 powder to the CNTs colloidal in calculated rate to get homogenous mixing of CNTs-Sr(OH)2. The Sr(HO)2 absorbs carbon dioxide from the air to form strontium carbonate so, the new solution is CNTs-SrCO3. To dry solution putting three drops from the new solution on the glass slides. To investigate the radiation damage on CNTs structure, the sample was irradiation by Beta source (90Sr/90Y) for different period of time. The structure properties were measured using X-ray diffraction XRD while the shape and size property was measured by scanning electron microscope SEM.
 The result shows homogenous distribution of nanoparticles with average particle size about 20nm. The XRD spectra for all sample before and after irradiation shows the higher peaks that it’s almost appearance at 2 = 25 degree and when compared the XRD phase with Standard card the resultant nanomaterial is Strontium carbonite (SrCo3). From SEM micrograph, CNTs-SrCO3 were well decorated on the surface of CNTs and there was not any remarkable difference in the corresponding due to Beta radiation exposure.

Effect of Transition Metal Dopant on the Electrical Properties of ZnO-TiO2 Films Prepared by PLD Technique

In this article, the influence of group nano transition metal oxides such as {(MnO2), (Fe2O3) and (CuO)} thin films on the (ZnO-TiO2) electric characteristics have been analyzed. The prepared films deposited on glass substrate laser Nd-YAG with wavelength (ℷ =1064 nm) ,energy of (800mJ) and number of shots (400). The density of the film was found to be (200 nm) at room temperature (RT) and annealing temperature (573K).Using DC Conductivity and Hall Effect, we obtained the electrical properties of the films. The DC Conductivity shows that that the activation energies decrease while the σRT at annealing temperature with different elements increases the formation of mixed oxides. The Hall effect, the electrical properties of the films were described. It was observed through Hall Effect measurements that the films loaded vectors of the shape N and the type P.

English

BACKGROUND Posterior capsule opacification (PCO) is the most common delayed complication of cataract surgery. Nd:YAG (Neodymium yttrium aluminium garnet) laser posterior capsulotomy presents the advantages of a non-invasive, effective, relatively safe technique to manage intact posterior capsule that opacifies postoperatively. With this background we want to study the visual outcome and complications following Nd-YAG laser posterior capsulotomy in posterior capsular opacification following small incision cataract surgery (SICS). METHODS The study includes 64 patients attending outpatient department of a tertiary eye care hospital at Latur from June 2018 to May 2019 who have undergone SICS with PMMA PC IOL (polymethyl methacrylate posterior chamber intraocular lens) implantation and clinically diagnosed with posterior capsular opacification. 64 eyes with PCO were subjected to Nd:YAG laser posterior capsulotomy after detailed slit lamp bio microscopic examination pre- and post-capsulotomy. Follow-up was done at 1 hour, 1 week, 2 weeks and 4 weeks and patients were examined for visual outcome and any complications at each visit. RESULTS There were 16 males (25 %) and 48 females (75 %) with a mean age of 65 years. Posterior capsule opacification occurs within 3 years accounting for 46.9 % of the cases. Elschnig pearls type of PCO was more common when compared to fibrous type of PCO. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) before Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy was less than 6 / 60 in 35 patients (54.7 %) and within 6 / 60 to 6 / 24 in 23 patients (35. 9 %) with 6 patients (9.4 %) accounting for visual acuity between 6 / 24 to 6 / 18. After Nd - YAG Laser Capsulotomy, 46.9 % gained best corrected visual acuity of 6 / 18 or better, 39.1 % cases improved 6 / 12 and better and BCVA of 6 / 9, 6 / 6 was observed in 11 cases and 1 case respectively. Only 12 out of 64 patients had complications. Raised intraocular pressure (IOP) was found in 4 patients. Intraocular lens (IOL) pitting was found in 8 patients. CONCLUSIONS Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy is a safe, effective and a non-invasive procedure which avoids all the complications of surgical capsulotomy in patients of posterior capsule opacification. KEYWORDS Posterior capsule opacification (PCO), Nd:Yag Laser Capsulotomy, Best Corrected Visual Acuity (BCVA), Central Subfield Macular Thickness (CSMT)

Bond Integrity of Titanium Surface to Resin Cement After Conditioning with Different Photobiomodulataion Therapy (PBT)

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of interfacial bonding between resin cement and titanium alloy conditioned with different Photobiomodulataion Therapy (PBT) in comparison with conventional regimes. Seventy-five samples of titanium bar were segmented polished; and based on conditioning regime divided into five groups (15 each specimens). Group 1: No treatment (control), Group 2: Sand blasting with 120 µm Al2O3, Group 3: Er,Cr:YSGG (ECL), Group 4: Er:YAG laser (EYL), Group 5: Nd:YAG laser (NYL). After different conditioning regimes, resin cement was mixed and applied. All specimens were thermocycled for 500 cycles and positioned on universal testing machine for shear bond strength testing. Modes of failure was assessed by a single examiner using stereomicroscope at 40× magnification. Three pairs of specimens in each group were sputter coated and scanning electron microscope (SEM) images were taken at 1000× magnification using 20 Kv. The highest SBS values were observed in group 2 (14.25±2.29 MPa) and the lowest bond values were displayed in group 1 (6.98 ±0.59 MPa). Titanium alloy abutments conditioned with different laser prototypes ECL (11.22±1.40 MPa), EYL (9.29±1.22 MPa) and NYL (9.12 ±1.84 MPa) exhibited comparable SBS (p > 0.05). Adhesive failures were primarily dominant among all experimental groups. Photo-biomodulation in the form of ECL lasers has the potential to be used as a supplement to sandblasting procedure in conditioning of cement retained titanium alloy implant abutments.

Enhanced linear and non-linear optical activity of lead onto l-threonine cadmium acetate crystal

Herein, we describe the growth and characterization of new crystal lead-doped l-threonine cadmium acetate (LTCA). The supramolecular coordination compounds are crystallized by slow evaporation technique at ambient temperature. The X-ray diffraction techniques confirm monoclinic crystal system. The presence of lead and the LTCA lattices were identified using EDAX analysis. l-Threonine amino acids have unique properties like zwitterionic nature and molecular chirality, which improve the optical properties of the lead-doped crystal. The linear optical parameters such as optical band gap and refractive indexes are estimated at lower cutoff wavelength from UV–Vis analysis. The variation of dielectric constant, dielectric loss with frequency is studied using LCR meter. Due to the electropositive character of lead the static permittivity increases. Magnetic behavior changes to paramagnetic nature due to the inclusion of lead. TG/DTA analysis suggests that the crystal is thermally stable up to 135.32 °C. Using Nd-YAG laser, the NLO property was studied and the lead-doped LTCA crystal shows higher SHG efficiency than the LTCA crystal.

Treatment of pyogenic granuloma with copper vapor laser radiation

Background. Pyogenic granuloma (PG) or lobular capillary hemangioma, ICD10 code: L98.0. appears as a single bright red or violet papule up to 20 mm in size, on the face, fingers, skull surface, arms, and intergluteal fold, as well as on the oral mucous membranes. Surgical removal of facial PG is not always possible due to insufficient thickness of the dermis. Treatment of PG with a pulsed dye laser (PDL) or neodymium laser (Nd:YAG) can achieve a noticeable elimination of the lesion but is reported to be accompanied by such side effects as purpura or scarring. It determines the feasibility of introducing into clinical practice the methods of laser treatment of PG using the radiation of a copper vapor laser (CVL) with a wavelength of 578 nm, which effectively absorbed by the blood.
 Aim. The assessment of the clinical efficacy and safety of the CVL treating PG.
 Methods. 26 adult patients with PG in various parts of the face, including the lips, limbs, and trunk, were included in this study. PG treatment was carried out in one session with CVL (Yakhroma-Med, FIAN) at an average power of 0.71.0 W, at a wavelength of 578 nm, exposure time 0.20.3 s. The diameter of the light spot is 1 mm.
 Results. Immediately after the single laser treatment, the PG involved area became grey. In 710 days, the irradiated area was utterly similar to the adjacent intact skin. No postoperative bleeding or infection was noted. Side effects included mild skin atrophy. During the follow-up observation for five years, no side effects were found.
 Conclusion. The high efficiency of PG elimination using CVL in the absence of pronounced side effects allows suggesting this method for introducing into dermatologists and cosmetologists' clinical practice as a highly effective and inexpensive method of treatment.

Nd:YAG laser vitreolysis and health-related quality of life in patients with symptomatic vitreous floaters.

The treatment of floaters has consisted primarily of monitoring. The therapeutic approach is based on surgical removal or Nd:YAG laser treatment. The objective of this study was the assessment of the quality of life in patients treated with Nd:YAG laser for floaters. Single-center pretest-posttest design in a cohort of subjects treated with Nd-YAG laser with Ultra Q-Reflex technology. Health-related quality of life of the patients was measured before and after the intervention with the Visual Function Questionnaires VFQ-25 and VFQ-39. Anxiety level was measured with the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, and safety parameters were also considered. Thirty-four patients were included in the study. For the VFQ-25 baseline, the median was 73.05, interquartile range (19.25) versus a final median value of 93.76 (8.73) with p < 0.01. The baseline median for the extended version VFQ-39 was 74.60 (19.01) versus the final median of 95.01 (6.50) with p < 0.001. Regarding the anxiety, according to the STAI questionnaire, there were statistically significant differences between the baseline and the final conditions, with a baseline median of 38 (11) versus a final median of 18 (19); p < 0.001. When the analyses differentiated between patients with and without myopia, there were statistically significant differences for VFQ-25 and VFQ-39. This study shows an improvement in the health-related quality of life and a significant decrease in anxiety for patients that have undergone Nd: YAG Ultra-Q Reflex laser vitreolysis for floaters vaporization. The effect found is higher in myopic patients.

Integrity in linear and nonlinear optical properties of L-tyrosine doped bis thiourea cadmium acetate single crystal

The slow evaporation technique was adopted for the growth of L-tyrosine doped Thiourea (Bis) Cadmium Acetate (CTA) single crystal. The doped crystals were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, FT-IR analysis, SHG Studies, UV-vis and Vickers microhardness studies. The UV-visible absorption spectrum is found to have improved optical parameters than pure CTA. The optical study revealed that the doped CTA crystal has high transmission with low cut off wavelength of 290 nm. The optical band gap was found to be 4.14 eV. The Second harmonic generation efficiency measured using Nd-YAG laser is 3.64 times higher than pure CTA.