NC Parameter Research Articles

Analysis of the efficacy of non-surgical treatment mainly focus on voice therapy and it's influencing factors in patients with unilateral vocal fold paralysis

Objective:Retrospective analysis of the efficacy and it's influencing factors of non-surgical treatment mainly focus on voice therapy for patients with unilateral vocal fold paralysis. Methods:The retrospective study includes 57 patients who were diagnosed with unilateral vocal fold paralysis and presented with hoarseness as their main complaint at the Department of Voice Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University from August, 2021 to August, 2023. Judging the efficacy of non-surgical treatment mainly focus on voice therapy through changes in acoustic, aerodynamic, and laryngoscopic parameters; Analyze the relationship between patients' age, gender, duration of disease, cause of nerve injury, type of nerve injury, side of nerve injury and efficacy of non-surgical treatment. Results:After non-surgical treatment mainly focused on voice therapy, there were statistically significant differences（P<0.01） in the changes of vocal fold bow, glottal gap, glottal compression, loudness, Jitter, Shimmer, IC, and NC parameters. There is a statistically significant correlation between the duration of the disease and changes in glottal gap, Shimmer, and IC（P<0.05）, the side of nerve injury can affect changes of glottal gap and NC（P<0.05）. Conclusion:Non-surgical treatment mainly focused on voice therapy has a good efficacy on patients with unilateral vocal fold paralysis. The duration of the disease and the side of nerve injury may affect the efficacy.

Model predictive control based optimal operation of smart city

Rapid urbanization has resulted in a significant proportion of the world’s population residing in urban areas. Cities are undergoing a transition towards the designation of smart cities, which aims to facilitate the efficient management of electrical and heating energy systems derived from renewable energy sources (RES). This paper presents a smart city model that incorporates RES, battery, grid and a combined cooling heat and power (CCHP) system. The smart city model deals with cooling, heating, and electric energy and applies a simple model predictive control (MPC) based approach for optimal operation. MPC method can be operated for future fluctuations by optimizing at the control horizon (NC) while including the prediction horizon (NP) in the optimization interval. The NP and NC parameters have a significant impact on the results, and their selection is an important consideration. This study uses MATLAB simulation to validate the effectiveness of MPC-based operations with a simplified forecasting model in a smart city utilizing RES and CCHP systems. The proposed method is easy to implement and shows sufficient performance while avoiding model complexity. In addition, the impact of NC and NP parameters on performance is investigated. The results show that the proposed method performs better when NP is about 12 h.

Thermodynamic properties of the noncommutative quantum Hall effect with anomalous magnetic moment

In this paper, we study the thermodynamic properties of the noncommutative quantum Hall effect (NCQHE) with anomalous magnetic moment (AMM) for both relativistic and nonrelativistic cases at high temperatures, where the thermodynamic properties are: the Helmholtz free energy, the entropy, the mean energy, and the heat capacity. We also work with the Euler-MacLaurin formula to construct the partition function. Next, we plotted the graphs of properties as a function of temperature for different values of the magnetic field and of the NC parameters. We note that the Helmholtz free energy decreases with the temperature, increases with the NC parameters, and can decrease or increase with the magnetic field, while the entropy increases with the temperature, decreases with the NC parameters, and can decrease or increase with the magnetic field. Besides, the mean energy increases linearly with the temperature and the heat capacity satisfies the Dulong-Petit law, which also verified that the AMM does not influence the thermodynamic properties.

Search for noncommutative interactions in gamma gamma rightarrow gamma gamma process at the LHC

The noncommutative QED (NCQED) has a non-Abelian nature due to the presence of 3- and 4-photon vertices in the lagrangian. Thus, NCQED predicts a new physics contribution to the gamma gamma rightarrow gamma gamma scattering already at the tree level. We have examined NCQED by studying the light-by-light process at the 14 TeV LHC with intact protons. Our results show that the NC scale up to Lambda _{mathrm {NC}} = 1.64(1.35) TeV can be probed in the pprightarrow p(gamma gamma )p rightarrow p'(gamma gamma )p' collision for the time-space (space-space) NC parameters. These bounds are stronger than the limits that can be obtained in the light-by-light scattering at high energy linear colliders.

Quasiperiodic oscillations from noncommutative inspired black holes

We investigate the dynamics of test particles in the spacetime of noncommutative inspired black holes (NCi BHs). In this context, we first analyse spacetime properties of the NCi BHs together with innermost stable circular orbits (ISCOs) for the particles. It is observed that whereas the ISCO radius does not depend on the NC parameter, the frequencies of the Keplerian orbits and harmonic oscillations are NC parameter dependent. As an application, we consider quasiperiodic oscillations (QPOs) to test effects of the NC gravity around the BHs using twin-peak QPOs frequencies. It is found that the frequency changes even in the presence of the critical NC parameter are smaller than the error in the frequency measurements. The method developed for testing gravity using data from twin peak QPOs may also be applied to other alternate theories of gravity to obtain restrictions on the central BH parameters. We show that the orbits of QPOs lie near ISCO. This assumption may be helpful in solving the ISCO measurement problems in astrophysical observations. In addition, we determine the mass of the central BH in microquasar GRS 1915-105 and the QPO orbit in both the relativistic precession and warped disk models. It is shown that these parameters do not depend on the quantum corrections in the NC gravity. Lastly, we investigate the gravitational capture cross-section for photons and show that the effect of the NC parameter is also less than the error in shadow measurements of the supermassive BH (SMBH) Messier 87 (M87).

Thermophoresis and Brownian diffusion of nanoparticles around a vertical cone in a porous media by Galerkin finite element method (GFEM)

In this study, Galerkin weighted residual Finite Element Method is used to find the thermophoresis and Brownian diffusion motion of two phase nanofluid flow around a vertical cone in porous media. Gravity, Drag, Thermophoresis and Brownian forces are confided on the nanoparticles to find their motion during the time. The problem is solved in both transient and steady conditions. The effect of Nc and Nv parameters on the temperature and velocity profiles are investigated. Also, the effect of boundary conditions on the temperature and nanoparticles concentrations are investigated through the graphical contours. As a main result, variable thermal conductivity parameter (Nc) increament from zero to unity increased the velocity and temperature profile values, while had not significant effect on the nanoparticles concentration. Also, results revealed that increasing the Nv (from 2 to 200) and Nc (from 0 to 1), increased the (−θ′(0)) and (−f′(0)) to 1.36% and 0.15%, respectively.

Thermal analysis of a moving fin using the radial basis function approximation

AbstractIn this study, the heat transfer and temperature distribution in a moving fin have been analyzed. The fin velocity was considered constant, and the thermal conductivity coefficient was variable with temperature, and the fin was under the effect of convection, radiation, and conduction heat transfer. The main equation of the problem was solved by the radial basis function method and validated by the numerical 4th‐order Runge–Kutta method. Several parameters such as thermal conductivity parameter from 0 to 1, sink temperature parameter from 0.2 to 0.8, and Nr, Nc, Pe number from 1 to 4, were examined. The outcomes illustrate that increasing the thermal conductivity by 51.5% raises the conduction heat transfers as well as the dimensionless temperature by 3.42%. Moreover, increasing the sink temperature leads to a slow rise in ambient temperature by 22.8% in the maximum state. By raising the Nc and Nr parameters, near 33.3%, the temperature distribution profile is declined by 4% and 10.5%, respectively. And increasing the Pe number by 100% results in a rise in the temperature distribution by about 7%.

Negative capacitance enables GAA scaling VDD to 0.5 V

We present a TCAD simulation of the negative capacitance gate-all-around (NCGAA) field-effect transistor with the 3-D Ginzburg-Landau-Khalatnikov Model. The baseline device is based on the 2020 IRDS Table, and the mobility model is calibrated to account for ballistic transport and to match the “1.5 nm node” IRDS on-current requirement. The NC parameters are extracted from experimental C-V data. The NC-GAA shows reduction in the off current by one order of magnitude and a 40% on-current boost. If the gate work function is shifted to align the NC-GAA’s off-current with the IRDS high performance requirement, it is shown that NC-GAA can achieve the on-current and VDD requirement of every node through the “0.7 eq node,” which is the last node predicted in the 2020 IRDS Table. Furthermore, NC-GAA can even achieve a “0.5 eq node,” which is three additional nodes beyond the baseline “1.5 nm node.” We also show that these benefits are retained over a varying set of ferroelectric parameters.

Critical Nitrogen and Nutritive Index in Cultivars of Cenchrus purpureus (Schumach) Morrone

Objective: To determine and compare the parameters of the nitrogen curve and the nutritive nitrogen index of cultivars of Cenchrus purpureus with and without nitrogenous fertilization.Design/Methodology/Approach: Five cultivars of C. purpureus with or without fertilization were evaluated, and the dose was 141N-43P-20K. The grass was harvested every 21 d with production of dry matter (DM) and nitrogen (N). Growth rates and Critical Nitrogen (Nc) were obtained. The negative power equation with its parameters Nc and the Nitrogen Decrease Coefficient (Cd) were used. The Nutritive Nitrogen Index (NNI) was obtained with the Nc parameter of each curve, divided by the N content of the cultivar in each sampling. The data were analyzed with a completely randomized design in a factorial arrangement of five (cultivars) and two levels of fertilization. Results: Nc of 2.6 and a Cd of 0.65 fertilized, and 1.14 of Nc and 0.68 of Cd without fertilization, and in turn all of them supplemented the amount of N for their growth from soil. The NNI was 0.8 for the fertilized cultivars, with classification of excess and sufficient for the first 56 d. Study Limitations/Implications: Variables to determine the availability of water and the balance of soil-plant N could further expand the knowledge of these tools. Findings/Conclusions: Parameters obtained such as Nc and NNI help to determine nutritional status of the fodders.

Relationship of neck circumference to some cardiometabolic risk parameters

Background Neck circumference (NC) is an easy and reliable anthropometric measurement. The use of NC as an indicator of obesity among Egyptians was previously established. However, the relationship between NC and different cardiometabolic risk (CMR) parameters was not previously studied in the Egyptian population. Objective The aim of this work was to study the relationship between NC and some CMR parameters in obese adult Egyptian individuals. Participants and methods This cross-sectional study was carried out on 100 apparently healthy obese adult Egyptian participants (BMI ≥30 kg/m2), above the age of 18 years, 50% of them were males and the other 50% were females. NC and other traditional anthropometric measurements were evaluated. Blood samples were assayed for glycosylated hemoglobin, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), non-HDL-C, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein. Results There were significant positive correlations between NC and each of systolic and diastolic blood pressure [(r=0.527, P&lt;0.001), (r=0.430, P&lt;0.001), respectively], waist circumference (r=0.538, P&lt;0.001), BMI (r=0.403, P&lt;0.001), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (r=0.304, P=0.002). While a significant negative correlation was found between NC and HDL-C. Multivariate regression analysis revealed an independent association of NC with waist circumference in males and with systolic blood pressure in females. Conclusion This study does not only confirm the association of NC with anthropometric measurements in the Egyptian population, but it also establishes the NC association with CMR factors that support the possibility of using NC as a CMR marker among Egyptians.

An Effective Maximum Distortion Controlling Technology in the Dual-Image-Based Reversible Data Hiding Scheme

The dual-image information hiding method has received considerable research attention on account of its high hiding capacity and favorable stego-image quality. The dual-image hiding technology encodes secret data across two images, requiring both stego-images to recover the correct secret data. Many factors affect the embedding capacity and image quality of the dual-image hiding method, including the nature of the hidden data, the block size, and the method by which pixels are modified. This study analyzes and encodes secret data, while controlling the degree of pixel distortion using two parameters - NC and MXD to improve the image quality. The NC parameter controls how many codes are used to re-encode a secret symbol, which is used to control the number of code combinations. MXD specifies the maximum distortion of each code combination and is used to limit image distortion. To improve the effectiveness of the encoding, a pair of digital combinations was assigned according to the frequency of the secret numeric messages. A highly uniform secret message was encoded using a small distortion code. Subsequently, the code was concealed within the cover image, generating two stego-images. The experimental results indicate that the proposed method achieved not only a better embedding rate but also a greater image quality compared with previous methods. In particular, with regard to the smooth image, the image quality of the stego-image was higher than 64.27dB when the proposed scheme was applied. Furthermore, this study utilized many steganalytic technologies to validate the security of the proposed scheme.

Clinical Significance of Preoperative Neutrophil - to - Lymphocyte Ratio in Renal Cell Carcinoma.

ABSTRACTIntroduction:We investigated the prognostic significance of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio on tumor stage and Fuhrman nuclear grade in renal cell carcinoma.Methods:The records of 432 patients with RCC who underwent radical or partial nephrectomy between 2005 and 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were classified as group lower tumor stage(T1 + T2) and higher(T3 + T4). As like tumor stage, Fuhrman nuclear grade were classified lower (G1+G2) and higher(G3+G4) too. The best NLR cut off value was 3.01. Two sample t-test or Mann–Whitney U-test used for the continuous variables and a chi-square test or Fisher's exact test used for the categorical variables.Results:Among the 432 total patients analyzed in our study, there were 275 males (63.7%) and 157 females (36.3%). Mean laboratory values were CRP 2.73 ± 1.93 mg/dL (normal less than 0.3), neutrophil count 4,23 ± 1.46/μL, lymphocyte count 1,61 ± 0,61/μL and NLR 2.64 ± 1.24. According to our data, statistically pretreatment NLR significantly correlated with CRP (p<0.0001). And tumor patologic stage (p=0.08), tumor histologic grade (p<0.001) was significantly associated with NLR.Discussion:We compared the relationship of preoperative NLR and NC parameters with RCC tumor stage and grade. And NLR were found to have statistically significant higher T stage and grade at RCC. Further studies with more patients are needed to confirm our study.

Порівняльний аналіз механокінетики скоротливої активності гладеньких м’язів міометрія щурів за дії каліксарену С-99 та уабаїну

It is known that calix[4]arene with cipher C-99 selectively and with high affinity capable of inhibiting the Na + , K + -ATPase (compared with a known inhibitor of this enzyme – ouabain) of smooth muscle cells plasma membrane preparations. Therefore, the work was carried out comparative study of influence calixarene C-99 and ouabain (both compounds at a concentration of 10 µM) on spontaneous and caused (high-potassium solution, acetylcholine and oxytocin) contractions of the rat uterus longitudinal smooth muscles. Contractile activity studied tensometrically in isometric mode, analysis of the kinetic properties of contractions performed the calculation of the normalized maximal velocity of contraction ( V n с ) and relaxation ( V nr ) phases. Ouabain and calixarene C-99 unidirectional changed the spontaneous contractile activity, causing a significant increase in the amplitude and frequency of contractions. Both compounds are equally causing decrease in maximum force oxytocin-evocked (0.1 IU) contractions, also cau­sing acceleration the growth of force (this is reflected in the increasing parameter V nc ). Also calixarene C-99 and ouabain not change the maximum force of acetylcholine- (10 µM) and K + -induced (80 mM) contractions and do not affect the character of growth of contractile responses ( V nc parameter remains unchanged). The responsiveness of relaxation velocity for the actions ouabain and calixarene C-99 depend on the nature of stimulation: in the case of oxytocin-evocked contractions it decreased and for K + -induced contractions – remained unchanged. Thus, ouabain and calixarene C-99 unidirectional changed the mechanokinetical parameters of spontaneous, agonist- and depolarization-induced contractions of rat myometrium. These results suggest that the effect of calixarene C-99 on the rat uterus smooth muscles is similar to the action of ouabain and is caused by inhibition of plasma membrane sodium pump. Keywords : smooth muscle, uterus, contraction, kinetical parameters, calixarene C-99, plasma membrane Na + , K + -ATPase.

COULOMB SCATTERING IN NON-COMMUTATIVE QUANTUM MECHANICS

Recently we formulated the Coulomb problem in a rotationally invariant NC configuration space specified by NC coordinates &lt;em&gt;x&lt;sub&gt;i&lt;/sub&gt;, i&lt;/em&gt; = 1, 2, 3, satisfying commutation relations&lt;em&gt; [x&lt;sub&gt;i&lt;/sub&gt;, x&lt;sub&gt;j&lt;/sub&gt; ] = 2iλε&lt;sub&gt;ijk&lt;/sub&gt;x&lt;sub&gt;k&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/em&gt; (&lt;em&gt;λ&lt;/em&gt; being our NC parameter). We found that the problem is exactly solvable: first we gave an exact simple formula for the energies of the negative bound states &lt;em&gt;E&lt;sup&gt;λ&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sub&gt;n&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/em&gt; &amp;lt; 0 (n being the principal quantum number), and later we found the full solution of the NC Coulomb problem. In this paper we present an exact calculation of the NC Coulomb scattering matrix &lt;em&gt;S&lt;sup&gt;λ&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sub&gt;j&lt;/sub&gt; (E)&lt;/em&gt; in the &lt;em&gt;j&lt;/em&gt;-th partial wave. As the calculations are exact, we can recognize remarkable non-perturbative aspects of the model: 1) energy cut-off — the scattering is restricted to the energy interval 0 &amp;lt; &lt;em&gt;E&lt;/em&gt; &amp;lt; &lt;em&gt;E&lt;/em&gt;&lt;sub&gt;crit&lt;/sub&gt; = 2/&lt;em&gt;λ&lt;/em&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;; 2) the presence of two sets of poles of the S-matrix in the complex energy plane — as expected, the poles at negative energy &lt;em&gt;E&lt;/em&gt;&lt;sup&gt;I&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;em&gt;λ&lt;/em&gt;n&lt;/sub&gt; = &lt;em&gt;E&lt;/em&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;em&gt;λ&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sub&gt;n&lt;/sub&gt; for the Coulomb attractive potential, and the poles at ultra-high energies &lt;em&gt;E&lt;/em&gt;&lt;sup&gt;II&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;em&gt;λ&lt;/em&gt;n&lt;/sub&gt; = &lt;em&gt;E&lt;/em&gt;&lt;sub&gt;crit&lt;/sub&gt; − &lt;em&gt;E&lt;sup&gt;λ&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;sub&gt;n&lt;/sub&gt; for the Coulomb &lt;em&gt;repulsive&lt;/em&gt; potential. The poles at ultra-high energies disappear in the commutative limit &lt;em&gt;λ&lt;/em&gt;→0.

Considerations about Load Inclination Effect on Seismic Bearing Capacity Factors of Strip Foundations

Assessment of seismic bearing capacity of strip foundations has been the concern of only few researchers in the field of geotechnical earthquake engineering during the last decades. The previous works have mostly assumed that in the presence of a horizontal earthquake acceleration (kh.g) besides the body force due to gravity, the ratio of the shear stresses to the normal stresses along the ground surface is equal to kh and the load inclination beneath the footing with respect to vertical equals to tan-1(kh). But this assumption does not seem to be always correct. For example in the case of multi span frames where only some spans may be braced and the support conditions at the end of the columns may not be uniform, the load inclination beneath some footings may not be equal to tan-1(kh). This paper presents the seismic bearing capacity factors Nγ, Nq and Nc of a rigid strip foundation resting on a horizontal ground surface, when the load inclination beneath the footing is not equal to tan-1(kh). All calculations are executed by the well known stress characteristic method, commonly referred to as the slip-line method. It is assumed that the soil behaves rigid perfectly plastic and obeys the well known Mohr-Coulomb failure criteria under plane strain conditions. It is assumed that the state of the stress everywhere in the neighborhood of the foundation is at failure. It is also assumed that everywhere along the surface of the foundation, the ratio of the shear to the normal stress is equal to the horizontal earthquake acceleration coefficient (kh). The Nγ parameter was calculated based on the both-sides failure mechanism, whereas the Nq and Nc parameters were calculates based on the single-side failure mechanism. The Nc parameter for cohesive media was calculated using the rule of equivalent states. Some graphs and tables are presented that could be used in order to assess the seismic bearing capacity factors of rigid strip foundations obtained by the stress characteristic method for various load inclinations. It is shown that the seismic bearing capacity factors, just like the static bearing capacity factors, increase considerably with reduction in the load inclination and vice versa. Further, this important outcome of some previous research works has been confirmed once again that the earthquake's effect on each of the body force as well as the overburden is as important as the earthquake's effect on the load inclination which should not be neglected. It is also shown that because of the non-symmetric nature of the seismic loading, the disposal of the characteristic lines as well as the pressure distribution below the foundation is non-symmetric. In other words, the foundation would be subjected to a moment in addition to the vertical and horizontal reactions, as a result of the non-symmetric soil pressure distribution during earthquakes.

Noncommutative quantum mechanics of a harmonic oscillator under linearized gravitational waves

We consider the quantum dynamics of a harmonic oscillator in noncommutative space under the influence of linearized gravitational waves (GW) in the long wave-length and low-velocity limit. Following the prescription in \cite{ncgw1} we quantize the system. The Hamiltonian of the system is solved by using standard algebraic iterative methods. The solution shows signatures of the coordinate noncommutativity via alterations in the oscillation frequency of the harmonic oscillator system from its commutative counterpart. Moreover, it is found that the response of the harmonic oscillator to periodic GW, when their frequencies match, will oscillate with a time scale imposed by the NC parameter. We expect this noncommutative signature to show up as some noise source in the GW detection experiments since the recent phenomenological upper-bounds set on spatial noncommutative parameter implies a length-scale comparable to the length-variations due to the passage of gravitational waves, detectable in the present day GW detectors.

Time-space non-commutativity in gravitational quantum well scenario

A novel approach to the analysis of the gravitational well problem from the point of view of a second quantized description is discussed. The second quantized formalism enables us to study the effect of time-space non-commutativity in the gravitational well scenario; this study is hitherto unavailable in the literature. The corresponding first quantized theory reveals a leading order perturbation term of non-commutative origin. The latest experimental findings are used to estimate an upper bound on the time-space non-commutative parameter. Our results are found to be consistent with the order of magnitude estimations of other NC parameters reported earlier.

COMMENTS ON SPIN-ORBIT INTERACTION OF ANYONS

The coupling of nonrelativistic anyons (called exotic particles) to an electromagnetic field is considered. Anomalous coupling is introduced by adding a spin-orbit term to the Lagrangian. Alternatively, one has two Hamiltonian structures, obtained by either adding the anomalous term to the Hamiltonian, or by redefining the mass and the NC parameter. The model can also be derived from its relativistic counterpart.

Non-commutative solitons and strong-weak duality

Some properties of the non-commutative versions of the sine-Gordon model (NCSG) and the corresponding massive Thirring theories (NCMT) are studied. Our method relies on the NC extension of integrable models and the master Lagrangian approach to deal with dual theories. The master Lagrangians turn out to be the NC versions of the so-called affine Toda model coupled to matter fields (NCATM) associated to the group GL(2), in which the Toda field belongs to certain representations of either $U(1){x} U(1)$ or $U(1)_{C}$ corresponding to the Lechtenfeld et al. (NCSG$_{1}$) or Grisaru-Penati (NCSG$_{2}$) proposals for the NC versions of the sine-Gordon model, respectively. Besides, the relevant NCMT$_{1, 2}$ models are written for two (four) types of Dirac fields corresponding to the Moyal product extension of one (two) copy(ies) of the ordinary massive Thirring model. The NCATM$_{1,2}$ models share the same one-soliton (real Toda field sector of model 2) exact solutions, which are found without expansion in the NC parameter $\theta$ for the corresponding Toda and matter fields describing the strong-weak phases, respectively. The correspondence NCSG$_{1}$ $\leftrightarrow$ NCMT$_{1}$ is promising since it is expected to hold on the quantum level.

Noncommutative quantum mechanics and the Seiberg-Witten map

In order to overcome ambiguity problem on identification of mathematical objects in noncommutative theory with physical observables, quantum mechanical system coupled to the NC U(1) gauge field in the noncommutative space is reformulated by making use of the unitarized Seiberg-Witten map, and applied to the Aharonov-Bohm and Hall effects of the NC U(1) gauge field. Retaining terms only up to linear order in the NC parameter \theta, we find that the AB topological phase and the Hall conductivity have both the same formulas as those of the ordinary commutative space with no \theta-dependence.