Navy Officers Research Articles

GRAVES’ CONCERNS: THE 1841–2 XANTHOS EXPEDITION

The expeditions removing and excavating antiquities at the site of Xanthos in Lycia (1841–4) have been highlighted by scholars as setting a new precedent for whole-sale collection from a single site, and the support – through the national museum and the Royal Navy – of the British government for archaeological endeavours. Questions remain, however, regarding the failure of the first mission to remove the antiquities. According to the current narrative, the blame rests on the navy officer assigned to support Charles Fellows. Based on archival research, this article presents the concerns that Commander Thomas Graves had with the undertaking. His perspective sheds new light on how ill-planned the initial attempts were, and consequently how much was learned. The obstacles encountered in the first Xanthos expedition spurred developments in archaeological practice, introduced by people of non-academic professions.

From Lady Jane Franklin to #TradWife: gender, race, and class in colonial complicity in the North American High North

ABSTRACT White supremacy's entanglement with gender and class in North America shaped legacies of policies and dynamics toward ordering individuals in hierarchies of desirability. In so-called Canada and the USA, colonial complicity by white women reflects ideals of womanhood intertwined with whiteness and expected roles within the workforce and bourgeoisie. Justifications of settlement and eradication of Indigenous peoples relied on racial superiority using white femininity as a symbol of a Manifest Destiny. The article argues that Lady Jane Franklin's, Louise Arner Boyd's, and Sarah Palin's instrumentalization of their societal positions show the evolution of how race, class, and gender are articulated within the racial-patriarchal-colonial myth-making of the Arctic : from an Angel in the House serving the memory of a British Navy officer ; to an Arctic Diana self-funding her scientific expeditions and collaborating with the government during war; to normalization by claiming nativeness to the land. Palin, Franklin, and Boyd are elite white women who served the crafting of the Arctic within this imperial colonial realm. They operated a carefully well-thought-out strategy balancing the reality of the societal structure in which they lived and live in with their interests and ambitions - embodying the site of contestation between agency and structure.

The Influence of Technology Readiness, Strategic Leadership, and Organizational Change on Organizational Performance in the Indonesian Navy

Purpose – This research aims to analyze the influence of Technology Readiness, Strategic Leadership, and Organizational Change on Organizational Performance mediated by Competency Development in the Indonesian Navy. Methodology/approach –This research method used quantitative approach, tested using Structural. Equation Modelling-Analysis of Moment Structures (SEM-AMOS). The sampling method uses nonprobability sampling with a subjective sampling procedure or sampling using a purposive sampling technique, by taking data from 330 Indonesian Navy officers who served for a minimum 5 years in the Indonesian Navy. Findings – The findings in this research there is positive influence of Technology Readiness on Organizational Performance, Strategic Leadership on Competency Development, Organizational Change on Organizational Performance, Organizational Change on Competency Development, Competency Development on Organizational Performance, and Organizational Change on Organizational Performance which is mediated by Competency Development. Novelty/value –The TNI AL (Indonesian Navy) organization tries to adapt to technological developments and changes in the strategic environment by making changes to its organization. Effective organizational change correlates with better organizational performance. Apart from that, a positive influence founded between Organizational Change on Organizational Performance which mediated by Competency Development. Organizational Change as a form of organizational adaptation, if followed by appropriate Competency Development policies, will encourage the enhancement of Indonesian Navy (TNI-AL) Organizational Performance.

Gallant Officers and Benevolent Men: Royal Navy officers, voluntarism and the launch of the Shipwrecked Mariners Society in the early Victorian era

This article examines the relatively unexplored relationship between Royal Navy flag and commissioned officers and shore-based secular and civic voluntary societies in the early Victorian period using the case study of the Shipwrecked Fishermen and Mariners’ Royal Benevolent Society. Portrayed in the literature as heroes and objectivized symbols of the glory of nation, naval officers instead had agency of their own. They were active facilitators, employing personal experience, naval culture and patronage networks to drive forward philanthropic initiatives for the society. They were crucial to the society’s success, moving it forward to incorporation by an act of parliament in 1850, and to national and imperial expansion. It suggests that naval associative voluntary service needs to be considered more fully not only in naval history, but also within broader historical studies.

Voyage of Stress: Assessing the Impact of Fatigue and Work Conditions on Indian Merchant Navy Officers.

The maritime industry, a cornerstone of global trade, relies on the dedicated efforts of seafarers who often work in challenging and physically demanding conditions. As a vital component of the shipping sector, Indian seafarers are no exception, facing the rigors of extended periods at sea and the relentless demands of maritime duties. The physical aspects of their work environment, such as noise, vibration, long working hours and prevalence of fatigue, can extremely influence their well-being and stress levels. Within this context, studying the impact of physical factors, specifically fatigue and physical work environment, on the stress levels of Indian seafarers emerges as a matter of critical significance. This study aimed to explore the complex relationship between the physical factors and the stress experienced by Indian seafarers. Employing a descriptive research design, data were collected from 395 Indian merchant navy officers. For data analysis SPSS and SEM were used. The findings of the study revealed a significant relationship between physical factors (fatigue, physical work environment) and stress of Indian Merchant Navy officers.

Implementing Pedagogical Approaches to Counteract the Influence of Artificial Intelligence in the Education of 21st Century Learners

Objective: Establish a management model based on formative research, in order to raise the investigative skills of official students enrolled in the General Staff course of the Naval War Academy of the Republic of Ecuador.
 
 Methods: Follows a quantitative approach and is framed in a non-experimental descriptive cross-sectional design. For data collection, the survey technique and a questionnaire based on the Likert scale, which consisted of 33 statements, were used. This tool previously validated by experts. It was applied to a sample of 39 students, reliability was evaluated using Cronbach's Alpha coefficient and the Shapiro Wilks Normality Test.
 
 Results: whose results averaged 0.939 and 0.9586, respectively. The analysis of the information reflects the distribution of formative research at the following levels: high - 32.05%; medium - 38.62%; and low - 29.33%. Regarding investigative competencies, the results were distributed as follows: high - 31.09%; medium - 47.92%; and low - 20.99%.
 
 Conclusions: Based on these conclusions, a model of Formative Research Management is proposed that contributes to the strengthening of investigative skills and that will have a substantial impact on the improvement of future Navy officers.

The Effect of a Web-Based Occupational Noise-Induced Hearing Loss Prevention Program on Hearing Protection Device Behavior Among Thai Navy Officers: A Quasi-Experimental Study

Navy officers working on the coastal guard vessels risk hearing loss due to repeated exposure to high noise levels from ship engines. Therefore, proper use of hearing protection devices is important. In this study, a web-based hearing loss prevention program was developed to promote the behavior of the use of hearing protection devices among Thai navy officers working on coastal guard vessels. In total, 152 navy personnel were recruited based on selection criteria and randomly assigned to the experimental (n = 76) and control groups (n = 76). The participants in the experimental group received the hearing loss prevention program via a website over four weeks. After completing the program, hearing protection device behavior was evaluated by a self-report questionnaire immediately after and at eight weeks follow-up. The results showed significantly increasing scores of the use of hearing protection devices behavior within the experimental group, both immediately and eight weeks after the program completion. However, there were no significant differences in the scores when comparing between groups, even though the scores of the experimental group were better than those in the control group. The restrictions could be explained by some emerging events during the implementation period, including the COVID-19 pandemic followed by a massive oil spill incident at sea. These put an extra workload on the study participants. Most importantly, there was a problem with the network connection that might have affected the continuation of participant attention to the program. Although this study found no effective results of the developed program due to some limitations, nurses can adopt this protective intervention to reduce the risk of occupational noise-induced hearing loss among Navy officers. Therefore, a recommendation for further study is to develop an intervention program that considers both the working context of the coastal vessels and appropriate participation methods that require more challenging efforts.

The Influence of Leadership and Motivation on the Discipline of Naval Academy Cadets (AAL)

The achievement of goals in the organization has many aspects that are thought to influence it, including elements of leadership, motivation, working conditions and discipline of naval cadets. This research aims to: 1) To partially analyze the effect of leadership and motivation on the discipline of Naval Academy cadets. 2) To analyze the simultaneous influence of leadership and motivation on the discipline of Naval Academy cadets. This research uses an explanatory research approach, namely the type of research that seeks to explain the influence between variables through hypothesis testing. The independent variables are X1 = leadership, X2 = motivation and the dependent variable is the discipline of naval academy cadets. (Y). The sampling technique uses non-probability sampling with saturated sampling technique so that the entire population is used as a sample. Furthermore, the data were analyzed quantitatively, namely by using a statistical model in a computer program (SPSS 22.0), with descriptive analysis techniques and multiple linear regression analysis. The results showed that: a) Simultaneously, leadership and motivation simultaneously affect the discipline of Naval Academy cadets. It can be said that well-executed leadership and motivation can improve the discipline of Naval Academy cadets; b) Partially, leadership and motivation variables affect the discipline of Naval Academy cadets. Seeing the results of this study, it is necessary to make a standardized assessment of the leadership of Navy officers who will be placed as caretaker officers at AAL and increased motivation, so that through leadership and motivation, reliable and professional Naval Academy cadets will be obtained.

Careers: Peter Gracey The former Royal Navy officer advocates for LGBTQ+ engineers

Careers: Peter Gracey The former Royal Navy officer advocates for LGBTQ+ engineers

CHASE CUNNINGHAM „CYBER WARFARE - TRUTH, TACTICS, AND STRATEGIES: STRATEGIC CONCEPTS AND TRUTHS TO HELP YOU AND YOUR ORGANIZATION SURVIVE ON THE BATTLEGROUND OF CYBER WARFARE”, PACKT PUBLISHING 2020. POLISH EDITION HELION SA, GLIWICE, pp.262

The aim of the article is to review the book entitled „Cyber Warfare - Truth, Tactics, and Strategies: Strategic concepts and truths to help you and your organization survive on the battleground of cyber warfare”. The author of the book, Chase Cunningham is an experienced expert in security sciences in the field of cybersecurity, he has participated in various international cyber operations, including: in a United States Navy officer with over 20 years of experience in computer forensics and cyber threat analytic operations. The experience on which he based this book was gained at the headquarters of the NSA, CIA, FBI and other government agencies, where he helped secure, install and use encryption and analytical systems, where he carried out projects to optimize security systems in command and operations centers. The book also does not include reference to the relatively new phenomena based on DeepFake using artificial intelligence and machine learning, which, depending on the goals of cyberattacks and the skills of the aggressor, are used for various cybernetic purposes.

Earliest meteorological readings in San Fernando (Cádiz, Spain, 1799–1813)

Abstract. Cádiz and San Fernando are two towns close to each other with a wealth of meteorological records due to their connection with the Spanish Royal Navy officers and enlightened merchants. Several previous works have already recovered a significant number of meteorological records of interest in these localities. However, more than 40 000 daily meteorological observations recorded at the Royal Observatory of the Spanish Navy (located in San Fernando) during the period 1799–1813 were previously unnoticed; they remained neither digitized nor studied. Here, we have carried out this important task, describing the different steps undertaken to achieve it as well as the results obtained. The dataset is composed of different meteorological variables such as atmospheric pressure, air temperature, precipitation, and state of the sky. As a first step a quality control was carried out to find possible errors in the original data or in the digitization process. Moreover, the antique units were converted to modern units. Also, the metadata and an analysis of the data are described. The dataset is freely available to the scientific community and can be downloaded at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7104289.

The Diplomacy of Military Assistance: The Royal Navy Training Team and the Nigerian Civil War

ABSTRACT This article studies the Anglo-Nigerian negotiations for a Royal Navy training team during the Nigerian Civil War against the background of Africa’s ‘phoney’ Cold War and Britain’s global strategic withdrawal. This allows it to show Britain’s diplomatic manoeuvres to simultaneously prevent provoking debilitating opposition against its tightrope policy of supporting Federal Nigeria against Biafra and safeguard its significant, predominantly economic – particularly oil – interests in Nigeria. Initially inconvenienced by the Nigerian request for a naval training team, British policymakers gradually agreed to send one after the war, then promised to do so already before, and, after the foreign policy establishment had overcome the Ministry of Defence’s resistance, finally sent out Royal Navy officers to Nigeria before the end of hostilities. In this process, the Nigerians had allies in the British High Commission in Lagos and the Foreign (and Commonwealth) Office, as well as substantial leverage as a result of Indian and Soviet competition in the Nigerian market for military assistance. Yet this leverage was mitigated by the Federals’ preference for British over Indian military assistance, and fear of becoming too reliant on Moscow. Not only in the British, but also in the Nigerian case, diplomatic concerns thus outweighed the military rationale for the naval training team, and this ‘diplomacy of military assistance’ contrasts with the basic tenor of the theoretical literature on military assistance in civil wars.

Évaluation de la santé mentale et des facteurs psychosociaux chez les élèves officiers de l’école de la marine marchande

IntroductionSeveral studies have demonstrated the existence of mental disorders and psychosocial risks among sailors, particularly merchant navy officers. The main risk factors reported are assuming the status of an officer, longer working hours and the consequent reduction in sleep time, loneliness, separation from family, and, more recently, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic (fear for one's own health and that of one's family, and longer embarkation times). The low decision latitude of crew members compared to that of officers has also been highlighted. To date, no studies have been carried out among merchant navy officer cadets. MethodsA working group including members of the Merchant Navy school and the hospital of the University of Brest was set up. A questionnaire was devised that included demographic and navigational data to which we added the GHQ-12, HAD and Karasek questionnaires. All the students were asked to complete the questionnaire anonymously and submit it electronically. The results of the questionnaires were then analyzed using internationally recognized scoring procedures. A descriptive analysis phase was conducted which was followed by an analysis according to the Karasek scoring categories. ResultsIn all, 170 questionnaires were submitted. The participant population was predominantly male (76.4%), and the average age of the students was 21.7 years. Nearly 20% of the students stated that they had experienced a traumatic event during an on-board training course. We note that the average GHQ-12 is 13.3 and therefore higher than 12. The HAD anxiety and HAD depression averages are 6.9 and 5.37 respectively, with 18.2% and 7.6% of the students included showing signs of anxiety and depression. According to Karasek's classification, we note that the “active” class is the most represented with 29.4% of students, followed by the “tense” and “relaxed” classes with 27.6%. The “passive” class is the least represented with 15.3%. DiscussionThis study demonstrates that the students of the French Merchant Navy Officer Training School evaluated their overall health as average, with a predominance of anxiety disorders but few signs of depression. Signs of “work strain” according to the Karasek questionnaire were found in 1/4 of these young officers. The proportion of cadets showing signs of anxiety and depression according to the HAD questionnaire is similar to that shown in studies among French and European officers. On the other hand, the proportion of cadets classified as “tense” is higher. Concerning traumatic events, in a semi-structured analysis of the students’ first deployments at sea, the main stress factors reported were how the ship was managed, damaged, piracy and then weather conditions. The period of study within the ENSM involves both a period of theoretical learning but also one of practical training. In the highly specific environment of the merchant navy, the impact of psychosocial constraints seems to be significant. These data also raise questions about the impact of the profession as well as that of the SARS CoV-2 pandemic period. This also raises the issue of the fitness of certain students to sail where they showed signs of anxiety and depression at the time of the survey, and of others who are at risk of developing this type of pathology, which is included in the list of criteria for unfitness for sea duty.

Assessment of mental health and psychosocial factors in French merchant officer cadets.

Several studies have demonstrated the existence of psychological pathologies and psychosocial risks among seafarers, particularly merchant navy officers. To date, there is no study of merchant navy officer cadets. First aims are to assess anxiety and depression disorders, framework, work strain and social support in this population. A questionnaire including demographic and sailing data to which we added the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD) and Karasek questionnaire was developed. All students were approached and completed the questionnaire anonymously by electronic means. One hundred and seventy questionnaires could be included. The population was predominantly male (76.4%), and the average age of the students was 21.7 years. The means of the HAD anxiety and HAD depression were 6.9 and 5.37, respectively. According to Karasek classification, we noted that the "active" class was the most represented with 29.4% of students, followed by the "high strain" and "low strain" classes with 27.6%. The "passive" class was the least represented with 15.3%. We found a predominance of anxiety disorders but few signs of depression. Signs of "high strain" according to Karasek were found in 27.6% of the population of these young officers. Job demand was linked to mean of anxiety and depression disorders declared in HAD questionnaire. Being a woman was associated with anxiety but not depression symptoms. Prevention programme to decrease the level of job demand and increase decision latitude and social support seems relevant for mental health disorders in merchant officers.

Language, Science and Globalization in the Eighteenth Century.

Asia, America, and Europe have been intellectually intertwined for centuries. Several studies have been published revealing European scholars' interest in the "exotic" languages of Asia and America, as well as in ethnographic and anthropological aspects. Some scholars such as Polymath Leibniz (1646-1716), were interested in these languages in an attempt to construct a universal language, while others tried to establish language families, like the Jesuit Hervás y Panduro (1735-1809). However, all acknowledge the importance of language and the circulation of knowledge. This paper analyzes the dissemination of the compilation of eighteenth-century multilingual lexical compilations for comparative purposes as an early globalized project. These compilations were designed by European scholars and subsequently elaborated in different languages by missionaries, explorers, and scientists in the Philippines and America. Taking the correspondence and relations between botanist Mutis (1732-1808) and bureaucrats, European scientists such as polymath Humboldt (1769-1859) and Botanist Linnaeus (1707-1778) among others, and navy officers of the scientific exploration commanded by Malaspina (1754-1809) and Bustamante y Guerra (1759-1825) into consideration, I will analyze how simultaneous projects followed a unified aim, and illustrate their substantial contribution to the study of language in the late eighteenth century.

자기희생적 리더십과 구성원의 지식공유

The organization has been striving to secure the capabilities of members with discriminatory and competitive advantages to survive fierce competition while adapting to the rapidly changing environment. Among these factors of competitive advantage, knowledge is considered a strategic resource for the survival of the organization. As the creation of new knowledge by organizational members and efficient management have emerged as the top priority for the prosperity and sustainability of the organization, studies have been conducted on knowledge sharing and information related to task performance among members. Through previous studies, it was found that the role of the leader in knowledge sharing of members had a considerable influence, but it had several limitations, so it was intended to supplement this through this study. First, it was confirmed that Self-sacrificial leadership presented as one of the leadership that positively affects members' attitudes or behaviors from the perspective of discretionary and self-sacrificial behavior without formal compensation or recognition, even though members' knowledge sharing is positive behavior for peers and organizations. Second, members examined the mediating effect between self-sacrificial leadership and knowledge sharing of role model influences on the premise that knowledge sharing behavior will increase through the process of imitating their desirable role model, leader's self-sacrificial attitude and behavior. Third, members who face environmental uncertainties in the organization pay more attention to the leader's behavior and respond more clearly to the leader's behavior, confirming the moderating effect of overall justice on the influence of the leader's self-sacrificial leadership. For an empirical study, data collected from 187 samples of supervisors-subordinates dyads among Navy officers and enlisted were used. As a result of hierarchical regression analysis and SPSS Macro, it was found that self-sacrificial leadership had a positive(+) relationship with knowledge sharing, and role model influence mediated the relationship between self-sacrificial leadership and knowledge sharing. In addition, the lower the overall fairness, the stronger the relationship between self-sacrificial leadership and role model influence, and the lower the overall fairness, the stronger the indirect effect between self-sacrificial leadership and role model influence. This study contributed to expanding the academic knowledge of the relationship between variables by identifying how self-sacrificial leadership affects the knowledge sharing and revealing the influence process of the role model and the moderating effect of overall justice. In addition, practical implications were provided to the organization by confirming the positive impact of self-sacrificial leadership that can promote knowledge sharing for the organization's prosperity and sustainability, and finally, the limitations of research and future research directions were discussed.

The influence of strategic leadership, transformational leadership and visionary leadership on performance at the naval academy mediated by decision making

This study aims to determine and explain the effect of Strategic Leadearship, Transformational Leadearship and Visionary Leadearship on Decision Making mediated by the Performance of the Naval Academy. The sample used in this study was 146 respondents who were taken using purposive sampling and data collection methods using questionnaires or online questionnaires. The use of PLS ​​SEM was carried out by considering the limited number of samples used which resulted in the level of difficulty of the respondents used in this study. The population in this study is the Academic Community of the Naval Academy consisting of lecturers, educational staff. The results of this research showed that Strategic Leadearship, Transformational Leadearship and Visionary Leadearship have a positive effect on Performance in realizing Navy Officers who are ready to fight. Strategic Leadearship, Visionary Leadearship and Performance have a positive effect on Decision Making in realizing war-ready Navy Officers, while Strategic Leadearship has no effect. Strategic Leadearship and Visionary Leadearship have a positive effect on Transformational Leadearship in realizing Navy Officers who are ready to fight..

‘I Did Not Wish the Younker to be Favoured’: Reconsidering Nelson’s examination for lieutenant

The examination for lieutenant marked a key moment in the eighteenth-century Royal Navy officer’s career. This article scrutinizes the mythologized narrative of the proceedings of Nelson’s 1777 examination for lieutenant. Comptroller of the Navy and Nelson’s own uncle, Maurice Suckling, presided over the examining board in order to ensure his nephew’s success. This article explores why Suckling felt the need to exert his influence in this overt way, despite Nelson’s demonstrated capabilities at sea up to this point; and why Nelson and his biographers endeavoured to conceal this gesture in the decades and centuries that followed.

Distant but Close Observers: The officers of the Argentine navy and the First World War

This article identifies and analyses the observations, readings, and opinions that Argentine navy officers made about the First World War. It reveals that, although they did not directly take part in war operations, they were active observers of the conflict. These men carried out an intensive intellectual dialogue in books and articles, pointing out the technological acceleration promoted by the war and the obsolescence of Argentina’s naval forces. For that reason, they emphasized that without an appropriate modernization plan, the navy would not be capable of defending the country if the war reached its territorial waters and shores.

The Effect of Job Rotation in a Fixed Wage Setting Model

The study investigates the extent job rotation on the career development of Royal Malaysian Navy officers in a fixed wage setting model. It attempts to fill in the gap in literatures concerning the impact of job rotation in a non-conventional wage setting model. The present study is benefited from an actual data set of Royal Malaysian Navy officers that is obtained from Department of Human Resource, Royal Malaysian Navy in 2017. The data consists of 1,686 officers that are ranked from Lieutenant RMN (ZA18/44) to Captain RMN (ZA24/5)2. The analysis of an Ordinary Least Squares OLS regression showed that job rotation is positively associated with education level, training, and experience. The likelihood of job rotation increases if the nature of job is more flexible in terms of hours of work, skill, and content. Further, there is a significant effect of job rotation on wage. Specifically, a quantile regression indicates that the low rank positions such as Lieutenant and Lieutenant Commander are benefited more from job rotation than a Captain in terms of wage premium. However, the small effect of job rotation in the fixed wage setting environment suggests a need to review the way job rotation is being implemented by Department of Human Resource, Royal Malaysian Navy. In this regard, work experience should be viewed as an important catalyst for enhancing the positive wage impact of job rotation, so much so that it outweighs the role played by educational attainment in the Malaysian navy sector.