Navy Bases Research Articles

Development Strategy of Navy Base Capability in Realizing Maritime Security of Traffic Separation Scheme Lombok Strait

Maritime Security means that the maritime area can be controlled, safe, and free from various threats or disturbances. The Indonesian Navy base is part of System Integrated Fleet Weapons (SSAT) which has the function of carrying out maritime security in its working area in the form of operation security sea with deploy all the strength and abilities it has. The Lombok Strait is one of the chokepoints important in The cross voyage south of ALKI II. Enforcement The Lombok Strait Traffic Separation Scheme (TSS) is one of the efforts of the Indonesian government to control the sea in this region. The Indonesian Navy as the driving force organization defense and security maritime, has Denpasar Navy Base and Mataram Navy Base which are adjacent directly to the Lombok Strait TSS. Therefore, that development strategy is needed capability from the second Indonesian Navy Base to realize and guarantee maritime security from various threats like a violation of navigation, violation of law, violation of sovereignty, and threats source Power nature. Determination of development strategy This started with identifying variables that influence the capability Indonesian Navy Base. The next method of modeling System Dynamics uses now reciprocal relationship​ between variables, which is then done simulation model so that the obtained scenario alternative is best. Scenario results from modeling and simulation that have been done, can become a consideration for the leadership of the Indonesian Navy in determining the right and optimal strategy for the development capability of Denpasar and Mataram Indonesian Navy Bases so that capable realize security maritime in TSS Lombok Strait.

Designing a Resilient Building Maintenance Program: Integrating Preventive and Predictive Maintenance at the U.S. Navy

ABSTRACT Building equipment failure can have drastic effects on a company's operations and budget. This paper presents two types of maintenance approaches that if done effectively, can prevent or significantly reduce the failure of building equipment assets. The first is traditional time-based preventive maintenance (PM), which conducts prefailure inspections and tasks in a cyclic time-based approach. The second, is predictive maintenance (PdM), which conducts maintenance functions based on the condition of the equipment found through continuous or cyclic measurements and analysis during machine operation. The purpose of investigating these maintenance approaches is to determine whether we can improve on the U.S. Navy's (Navy) existing facility maintenance program, helping to reduce overall costs while improving sustainability, equipment resiliency, and efficiency. By presenting each maintenance program and leveraging today's technologies we show that these advancements in technology can directly improve the Navy's operational mission and warfighter readiness. Research was conducted through the following methods: interviews, books, third party reports, journal articles, industry websites and articles that focus on equipment maintenance. The Navy, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), and the University of Washington provided case studies, existing facility/utility maintenance data, and budget information used in this research. The results show that PdM approaches using advanced analytics are more effective in diagnosing equipment, prescribing equipment problems, and predicting equipment failure. It will also show that when a PdM model is used, building tenants have less operational impacts as equipment operates longer with less downtime between maintenance events. By changing to a PdM program, facility managers and owners can improve asset efficiency and resilience, directly improving environmental sustainability and lowering overall longterm costs. It highlights the significant capital costs of a fully online PdM program and the benefits of using a hybrid model of PM and PdM. This research concludes with an overview of how building maintenance is currently being conducted on Navy bases by Naval Facilities Engineering Systems Command (NAVFAC), and how they are transitioning to a more sustainable maintenance program leveraging existing advanced metering infrastructure (AMI), building control systems (BCS), and utility control systems (UCS) with Smart Grid (SG), OSI Pi, and advanced analytics. In addition, major gaps in this transition are identified, and solutions are proposed to optimize these building system investments.

Web application for design and development of environmental information systems in supply distribution

The Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia is an archipelagic country most of which is in the form of water. In maintaining the security and integrity of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia, several Navy bases were built which spread from Sabang to Merauke. In terms of meeting the needs of military supplies for soldiers throughout the territory of Indonesia, an Information System for monitoring the distribution of military supplies is needed that is transparent, timely, on target so that any military supplies distributed can be received by each soldier under their respective rights. So far, there is no information system in the process of distributing military supplies, so it is very difficult to monitor the distribution of military supplies, so there are often delays and even wrong deliveries. This study aims to design an information system that can monitor the distribution of military supplies from the top units to the lowest units throughout Indonesia to reduce errors that are still happening in the field in terms of the distribution of military supplies using the Unified Modeling Language (Unified Modeling Language) method. UML) such as Use Case Diagrams, Class Diagrams, and Activity Diagrams. The result of this research is to be able to create an Information System that is under functional and non-functional needs that can handle the problems that have existed so far in terms of monitoring the distribution of military supplies so that there are no delays in the distribution of military supplies.

THE IMPLEMENTATION OF MULTI CRITERIA DECISION MAKING IN HANDLING CRIMINAL ACTIONS OF MARINE VIOLATION IN ALKI II AREA

One of the Main Duties of the Indonesian Navy (TNI AL) is to enforce the law and maintain security in the marine area of ​​national jurisdiction in accordance with the provisions of national law and international law which are then manifested in Marine Security Operations (Opskamla) The Indonesian Navy Base is one of the Opskamla components. which functions to project the strength of the Indonesian Navy to the area of ​​operation and provide ongoing administrative and logistical support to ensure the operational continuity of the elements of the Navy, carry out capacity building and conduct limited maritime security operations in the context of enforcing sovereignty and law at sea and carrying out coordination, regulation base defense. In the alternative selection of the Indonesian Navy Base in the Koarmada II work area, this study uses a combination of AHP and Topsis methods, the hierarchical structure modeling in the AHP method is influenced by the criteria and sub criteria, while for Topsis it is used as a ranking of the best alternative TNI AL bases as the initial position for Operation activities Marine Security The results obtained from the alternative weighting of the Indonesian Navy bases in sequence are the Banjarmasin Navy Base with a weight value of 0.959 more priority to be selected as a base for handling criminal offenses at sea, then the Nunukan Navy Base weight value 0.643 Palu weight value 0.589, Kendari weight value 0.333 Sangata has a weight value of 0.301, Kota Baru has a weight value of 0.265 and finally Toli-Toli has a weight value of 0.237.
 
 Keywords : Opskamla, Naval Base, Selection of bases, Indonesian Archipelago Sea Lanes (ALKI II), Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), Topsis.

Profile of James R. Ehleringer

For the past 40 years, ecologist James R. Ehleringer has led students and colleagues to California’s Death Valley to collect leaves from Encelia farinosa , a common desert shrub known as brittlebrush. The little shrub launched Ehleringer’s career, sending it in multiple directions and leading to major discoveries and unforeseen applications. He has used plant ecology as a window into the effects of climate change, illuminated differences between C3 and C4 photosynthesis, and used stable isotopes to examine ecosystems and unravel forensic mysteries. Ehleringer’s dynamic career is rooted at the University of Utah in Salt Lake City and in far-flung collaborations. His Inaugural Article (1) grows out of his doctoral work, synthesizing four decades of brittlebrush observations to describe how climate change is affecting desert plants. Ehleringer, a distinguished professor of biology at the University of Utah, was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 2016. James R. Ehleringer. Image credit: Dave Titensor (The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT). As stable as Ehleringer’s life has been since arriving in Utah in 1977, his childhood was the opposite. The oldest of five siblings, Ehleringer moved with his family every few years. His father was a member of the United States Navy stationed both in the Pacific and the Atlantic, often leaving for a year at a time, while his mother stayed with the children on Navy bases and homes as distant as Honolulu, Hawaii and Nice, France. As Ehleringer moved around, he developed a love of the ocean and dreamed of studying marine biology, a big leap for a kid with no scientific role models and who would be only the second person in his immediate family to go to college. In the summer of 1966, Ehleringer landed a high school research position at the Scripps …

The Changing Strength of Siblings

The present work analyses fraternal relationships among Spanish naval officers during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. The main aim of the article is to understand the important role played by siblings and the changes undergone by fraternal links over time. In order to do this, the article addresses three objectives: characterizing fraternal ties in the Spanish naval officer corps, analyzing fraternal relationships in relation to other family links and to the officer corps’ professional context, and exploring how siblinghood transformed during these two centuries. The main source of information used in this work is the testaments signed by naval officers in Spanish navy bases. The article is divided into two parts, dealing with quantitative and qualitative issues, respectively. The first part examines the proportion of naval officers who had siblings, while the second part studies the kind of relationship that existed between them; three kinds of relationship are proposed: vertical ties, horizontal links, and secondary relationships.

PATROL SHIPS ASSIGNMENT MODEL IN EASTERN AREA OF INDONESIA WATER USING SET COVERING

ABSTRACT
 Maintaining stability of the National jurisdiction security, particularly in the Indonesian eastern waters is one of the roles of Indonesian Navy which is implemented in the Maritime Security Opeation (MSO) by assigning Navy Patrol Ships (PC). In terms of capabilities and the number of Indonesian PC compared to the extensive area of the MSO sector, it still considered to be not optimal, so the Navy need to think and perform right calculations in the assignment of PC and choose Navy Bases as the initial position of MSO by PC. This study aims to create a set covering model in calculating the assignment of patrol ships to create a set covering model to calculate the assignment of patrol ships optimally by minimizing assigned patrol ships number however can still cover all patrol sectors. This model also used the Analytic Network Process (ANP) approach to select the Naval base as the initial base for patrol ships in implementing MSO. Optimization results were to assign 12 patrol ships which could cover 18 patrol ships and 3 Naval bases from 9 bases that can be used as an initial base for PC in the implementation MSO.
 Keywords: Naval Maritime Security Operations (MSO), Set Covering, Analytic Network Process (ANP)

The War Has Brought Peace to Mexico: World War II and the Consolidation of the Post-revolutionary State

Halbert Jones in this volume offers a sophisticated analysis of all the major archives for domestic and international affairs, as well as published materials, on Mexico's participation in World War II. His explication of events is tightly held together in a dense and readable narrative that makes a solid contribution to the historiography of the war era, the political system, and the little-known and less understood president Manuel Ávila Camacho.Certainly one of the achievements of the book is to move away from the long-standing interpretation of the 1940 presidential election and President Ávila Camacho's deft political maneuvers that perhaps should be labeled the Betty Kirk thesis, based on this journalist's 1942 account of events. Kirk's politics led her to make light of Ávila Camacho, especially in comparison to Francisco Mújica, whom she reckoned a better choice. As a contemporary, she shaped both English- and Spanish-language interpretations essentially until this volume. Jones methodically examines the selection and election of Ávila Camacho and, of greatest significance, evaluates and describes the president's skillful, pragmatic steps to create an administration of individuals not allied with Plutarco Elías Calles or even Lázaro Cárdenas while sidestepping the swashbuckling public behavior of his brother, Maximino. This is an intelligent narrative, buttressed by domestic and international sources.In the same deliberate, well-researched, and carefully analyzed way, Jones examines the evolution of Mexican foreign relations during the war, primarily with the United States, and the president's step-by-step movement toward declaring war against the Axis coalition of Germany, Japan, and Italy. At the same time that diplomatic and military relations with the United States figured most prominently, the Soviet Union had an enormous presence in the minds of many Mexicans, and Ávila Camacho had to manage both actual diplomatic relations (after renewing relations with the Soviets) and the more difficult public opinions about them. Refusing the US requests to establish both army and navy bases in Mexico while allowing use of airfields for planes going further south required skillful policies and astute actions. Ávila Camacho pulled together various contentious members of the official party (especially Calles and Cárdenas and their followers) in a masterful way, resulting in the author's title, The War Has Brought Peace to Mexico.Another aspect of the events of the war's diplomacy concerns the counterespionage programs developed to monitor suspicious foreigners, especially any Japanese person. Jones carefully delineates governmental programs to prevent subversive activities, which were assisted, for example, by the United States through the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). In particular, the FBI sent a cryptographer who spoke Spanish to assist in creating an agency in the Ministry of Communications and Public Works to intercept and decipher enemy messages. Other than this office, the major antisubversive programs came from the Ministry of Government under future president Miguel Alemán, with coordinated information sharing by both military and various civilian investigative police agencies under the direction of future president Adolfo Ruiz Cortines. The result, as Jones states emphatically, was greatly enhanced domestic intelligence-gathering procedures that continued into the 1970s and resulted, using the justification of the Cold War, in the repression of railroad workers, students, doctors, dissidents, and rural and urban rebels. It also enabled Ávila Camacho to strengthen his authority in both the government and the official party.With this thoroughly researched and carefully narrated volume, Jones provides an essential evaluation of Mexico during World War II and an analysis that offers a solid base for understanding the Cold War politics of the nation. The growing interest in Mexico during the so-called miracle and in the repression of dissidents, from student and occupational demonstrators to rural and urban guerrillas, will no doubt build on this outstanding monograph. Certainly, more remains to be said about Mexico and its culture during the war years, but this monograph has successfully and carefully laid out the dimensions of the political and administrative history for the period. Moreover, as the author makes evident, for several decades after the war, the political regime—both its successes and failures—were legacies of the Ávila Camacho administration.

Support for the Fleet: architecture and engineering of the Royal Navy's Bases 1700-1914 by Jonathan Coad 465 pp., 308 colour and 177 b&w illustrations, 6 maps, 13 tables English Heritage Publishing, The Engine House, Fire Fly Avenue, Swindon, SN2 2NH, 201

Support for the Fleet: architecture and engineering of the Royal Navy's Bases 1700-1914 by Jonathan Coad 465 pp., 308 colour and 177 b&w illustrations, 6 maps, 13 tables English Heritage Publishing, The Engine House, Fire Fly Avenue, Swindon, SN2 2NH, 201

Call to Action: Cardiovascular Disease in Asian Americans

In 2009, President Obama signed an Executive Order calling for strategies to improve the health of Asian Americans and to seek data on the health disparities in Asian American subgroups.1 Data on Asian American subgroups are scarce and many health disparities remain unknown. The purpose of this Advisory is to highlight the gaps in existing research on cardiovascular disease (CVD) among Asian Americans, and to serve as a call to action on behalf of the American Heart Association to address these areas of need. Asian Americans are the fastest growing racial/ethnic group in the United States, representing 25% of all foreign-born people in the United States.2 They are projected to reach nearly 34 million by 2050.3 Several major Federal surveys (eg, the American Community Survey, the National Health Interview Survey, and the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey) only recently started to classify Asian Americans into 7 subgroups: Asian Indian, Chinese, Filipino, Korean, Japanese, Vietnamese, and Other Asian. The first six of these subgroups together constitute >90% of Asian Americans in the United States.4 Although some data are available on Asian subgroups from these major federal surveys, in general, these data are not available for public use because of the privacy concerns resulting from the small sample sizes within subgroups. This situation limits their utility for health-related research. Because health surveys and questionnaires almost universally combine persons of Asian ancestry into a single group, the heterogeneity within this classification is masked. Socioeconomic and cultural factors have been found to be associated with CVD and its risk factors, which is why it is important to understand these differences among Asian subgroups. The Table shows the number of persons in each group based on the most recent US Census data available (American Community Survey, 2008), with the recognition that …

Calculating Background Levels for Ecological Risk Parameters in Toxic Harbor Sediment

Establishing background levels for biological parameters is necessary in assessing the ecological risks from harbor sediment contaminated with toxic chemicals. For chemicals in sediment, the term contaminated is defined as having concentrations above background and significant human health or ecological risk levels. For biological parameters, a site could be considered contaminated if levels of the parameter are either more or less than the background level, depending on the specific parameter. Biological parameters can include tissue chemical concentrations in ecological receptors, bioassay responses, bioaccumulation levels, and benthic community metrics. Chemical parameters can include sediment concentrations of a variety of potentially toxic chemicals. Indirectly, contaminated harbor sediment can impact shellfish, fish, birds, and marine mammals, and human populations. This paper summarizes the methods used to define background levels for chemical and biological parameters from a survey of ecological risk investigations of marine harbor sediment at California Navy bases. Background levels for regional biological indices used to quantify ecological risks for benthic communities are also described. Generally, background stations are positioned in relatively clean areas exhibiting the same physical and general chemical characteristics as nearby areas with contaminated harbor sediment. The number of background stations and the number of sample replicates per background station depend on the statistical design of the sediment ecological risk investigation, developed through the data quality objective (DQO) process. Biological data from the background stations can be compared to data from a contaminated site by using minimum or maximum background levels or comparative statistics. In Navy ecological risk assessments (ERA's), calculated background levels and appropriate ecological risk screening criteria are used to identify sampling stations and sites with contaminated sediments.

DEVELOPMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL SENSITIVITY INDEX MAPS IN JAPAN

ABSTRACT Environmental Sensitivity Index (ESI) maps are important tools for oil spill planning and response measures worldwide. The United States, through the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), has developed standardized guidelines for preparing ESI maps. The U.S. Navy stationed in Japan requested ESI maps for oil spill contingency and training purposes. Since Japan does not have national ESI guidelines, NOAA guidelines were used in preparing the maps. This effort proved to be challenging. Japanese agencies were contacted to collect existing data, and geographical information was compiled from numerous sources. The site surveys of the coastal areas surrounding the U.S. Navy bases in Japan also was done with added awareness of the unique physical features and habitats in Japan. This experience has lead to recommendations for standardized guidelines for Japan and for the corroboration of Japanese agencies to ease the collection and synthesis of data.

Hospital Library Support of Navy Medical Operational Readiness

ABSTRACT Hospital librarians in Naval Medical Centers and Naval Hospitals provide information to support the physicians, nurses, psychologists, chaplains, dentists, and corpsmen on ships and on Navy bases worldwide. The concept of “operational readiness” refers to the training required by Navy personnel during peacetime to perform wartime missions. Navy medical librarians receive challenging requests. Providing information electronically through full text, electronic mail, and fax is part of the routine when preparing staff to deploy to other countries and when supporting them in the field and on ships. Librarians at Naval Medical Center, San Diego help prepare Navy health care providers for operations during combat, humanitarian, and peacekeeping missions. This paper describes several Navy medical field operations with brief explanations of medical librarians' support.

Early Photography in Samoa

Abstract The history of photography in Samoa, a small group of islands in the Western Pacific, suggests, in microcosm, the history of ‘exotic’ photography throughout the world in the period of imperial expansion. The romantic myths of the South Seas, coupled with the islands' practical significance to their colonizers as coaling stations, navy bases and a source of raw materials and cheap labour, encouraged outside interest and assured a market for the products of many kinds of photographers. As early as the 1880s, amateurs on holiday, scientists in the field, and itinerant professionals had passed through Samoa, taking a wide variety of images away with them. By the 1890s, Apia, Samoa's largest town, was home to three resident photographers. Their work was put to conventional private use there for portraits, wedding pictures and the like, and was widely distributed overseas as novelty carter-de-visite, cabinet-size, and full-plate albumen prints, as souvenir postcards and gravures, and as half-tone illustrations in newspapers and magazines. In addition to documenting a society undergoing great change, early photographs of Samoa are often strikingly beautiful, appealing to our appreciation of the exotic and romantic, much as they were intended to do for their foreign audiences one hundred years ago.

Estimating the economic impact of the 1973 Navy base closing: Models, tests, and an ex post evaluation of the forecasting performance

In 1973 the Defense Department made plans to close many Navy bases in the United States. Hardest hit was Rhode Island which would suffer a loss of 45.61% of the total cutback of 42,812 jobs. This paper describes two models which were built to forecast the severity of the economic impact in Rhode Island: one used the reduced form equation approach, and the other the simultaneous equations system approach. Tests on multicollinearity, specification, and serial correlation were conducted. An ex post evaluation of these two models' performance in forecasting then concludes the paper.