Navigation Structure Research Articles

Towards a ‘pluralist’ approach for examining structures of interwoven multimodal discourse on social media

This study proposes a framework for examining hashtagged content on social media, which captures how specific issue frames (i.e. hashtags) contribute to navigable structures. We introduce ‘interwoven multimodal discourse’ as a pluralist alternative to the widely applied unitary approach in which trending hashtags serve as primary sites of analysis. The study argues that ‘interweaving’ of social media discourse takes place through practices such as hashtag colocation, which result in ambient and navigable structures. Analysis of hashtag colocation networks can serve as an approach for mapping ambient affiliations accessible through such structures. We analyse a hashtag colocation network constructed using a sample of 1100 Instagram posts related to climate change uploaded during the United Nations Climate Change Conference 2021 (COP26) held in Glasgow to demonstrate two structural properties of interwoven discourse on Instagram: (1) hashtags contribute to multiple thematic clusters and (2) micro-level hashtags representing secondary topics are nested within larger thematic clusters.

Movement and behavioral states of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) in response to a behavioral deterrent in a navigational lock

BackgroundFreshwater ecosystems are some of the most affected by biological invasions due, in part, to the introduction of invasive carp worldwide. Where carp have become established, management programs often seek to limit further range expansion into new areas by reducing their movement through interconnected rivers and waterways. Lock and dams are important locations for non-physical deterrents, such as carbon dioxide (CO2), to reduce unwanted fish passage without disrupting human use. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the behavioral responses of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) to non-physical deterrents within a navigation structure on the Fox River, Wisconsin. Acoustic telemetry combined with hidden Markov models (HMMs) was used to analyze variation in carp responses to treatments. Outcomes may inform CO2 effectiveness at preventing invasive carp movement through movement pinch-points.MethodsCarbon dioxide (CO2) was recently registered as a pesticide in the United States for use as a deterrent to invasive carp movement. As a part of a multi-component study to test a large-scale CO2 delivery system within a navigation lock, we characterized the influence of elevated CO2 and forced water circulation in the lock chamber on carp movements and behavior. Through time-to-event analyses, we described the responses of acoustic-tagged carp to experimental treatments including (1) CO2 injection in water with forced water circulation, (2) forced water circulation without CO2 and (3) no forced water circulation or CO2. We then used hidden Markov models (HMMs) to define fine-scale carp movement and evaluate the relationships between carp behavioral states and CO2 concentration, forced water circulation, and temperature.ResultsForced water circulation with and without CO2 injection were effective at expelling carp from the lock chamber relative to null treatments where no stimulus was applied. A portion of carp exposed to forced water circulation with CO2 transitioned from an exploratory to an encamped behavioral state with shorter step-lengths and a unimodal distribution in turning angles, resulting in some carp remaining in the lock chamber. Whereas carp exposed to forced water circulation only remained primarily in an exploratory behavioral state, resulting in all carp exiting the lock chamber.ConclusionOur findings illustrate the potential of forced water circulation, alone, as a non-physical deterrent and the efficacy of CO2 injection with forced water circulation in expelling carp from a navigation lock. Results demonstrate how acoustic telemetry and HMMs in an experimental context can describe fish behavior and inform management strategies.

User experience evaluation of Edurell interface for video augmentation

AbstractThis paper deals with the use of videos in education and describes an approach to improve the learners’ experience in the first-watch and rewatch learning contexts. Actually, learning through videos raises challenging issues like non-linear navigation and poor structure of the video content. Hence, a novel application is presented, designed to address such issues. To this aim, the proposed Edurell environment enriches standard video lessons with new services based on the contents’ structure of the video, resulting in a new hypervideo educational application. The system extracts the concepts explained in a given video lesson, their prerequisite relations, and the segments of the video where they occur, together with other pieces of knowledge. The resulting knowledge graph allows creating augmented video lessons and enables learners to perform non-linear navigation and in-depth exploration of their learning contents. This idea was implemented in a custom web-based video player with interactive visual tools. Then, a heuristic usability evaluation was performed with HCI experts. Also, a user study with university students was done, aimed to evaluate the perceived usability and the student’s experience in the two mentioned learning contexts. The first results achieved show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

Mining user's navigation structure by filtering impurity nodes for generating relevant predictions

Web Navigation Prediction (WNP) has been popularly used for finding future probable web pages. Obtaining relevant information from a large web is challenging, as its size is growing with every second. Web data may contain irrelevant noise, and thus cleaning such data is essential. In this paper, we emphasize the identification and elimination of noisy information from user-navigated web pages. The pruning of user browsed sessions by removing noisy webpages and their relations can help in the development of high-performing prediction models with fewer prediction errors. To minimize the prediction errors, we have proposed four pruning models namely PM3ER, PM3EN, PM3GI, and PM3EP which remove noisy web pages and their relations from the model consisting of varied simple and complex navigations. The study reveals that PM3ER is effective in prediction for websites with complicated structures resulting in complex navigations, and PM3EN is effective in predicting websites with a simple tree-like structure resulting in simple navigations. PM3ER has shown an improvement in predictions by up to 3% whereas PM3EN has attained improvement up to 5.45%.

Adaptive Backstepping Hierarchical Sliding Mode Control for 3-Wheeled Mobile Robots Based on RBF Neural Networks

This paper proposes a new adaptive controller for three-wheeled mobile robots (3WMRs) called the ABHSMC controller. This ABHSMC controller is developed through a cooperative approach, combining a backstepping controller and a Radial Basis Function (RBF) neural network-based Hierarchical Sliding Mode Controller (HSMC). Notably, the RBF neural network exhibits the remarkable capability to estimate both the uncertainty components of the model and systematically adapt its parameters, leading to enhanced output trajectory responses. A novel navigational model, constructed by the connection to the adaptive BHSMC controller, Timed Elastic Band (TEB) Local Planner, and A-star (A*) Global Planner, is called ABHSMC navigation stack, and it is applied to effectively solve the tracking issue and obstacle avoidance for the 3-Wheeled Mobile Robot (3WMR). The simulation results implemented in the Matlab/Simulink platform demonstrate that the 3WMRs can precisely follow the desired trajectory, even in the presence of disturbances and changes in model parameters. Furthermore, the controller’s reliability is endorsed on our constructed self-driving car model. The achieved experimental results indicate that the proposed navigational structure can effectively control the actual vehicle model to track the desired trajectory with a small enough error and avoid a sudden obstacle simultaneously.

Operation safety evaluation system of ship lock based on extension evaluation and combination weighting method

Abstract Ship locks are the most widely used, promising, and important type of navigation structure in the world at present. It is, therefore, crucial to evaluate the operation safety of a ship lock in service. However, the determination of indicator thresholds is challenging. Accordingly, this paper describes the systematic study of the evaluation system of ship lock operation safety. First, the safety accidents of ship locks are counted. According to the rhombic thinking mode (that is, the thinking mode of ‘first divergence and then convergence’), with the help of extenics, a multi-indicator hierarchical indicator system including 5 first-class indicators and 47 second-class indicators for the safety evaluation of ship lock operation is established, and 4 safety evaluation grades are classified: normal, deterioration, early warning, and shutdown. The threshold range of each indicator at each grade is determined individually. Second, based on the idea of multi-factor optimization and integration, the process and the matter-element model of ship lock operation safety evaluation based on extension theory are proposed. Then the weight of the safety indicator is determined by the combination weighting method. The evaluation result is consistent with the actual situation.

The complexity of ensuring safety in inland waterway transport

Legal analysis of inland waterway transport security and transport safety is of theoretical and practical importance. The following issues are relevant: uniform interpretation of the terms used in the Russian legislation what concerns ensuring security, in general, and transport industry, in particular; systematizing multiple entities aimed at providing and participating in the protection and defence of river transport facilities and infrastructure; improving preventive mechanism of protection from unlawful interference acts. The growth of accident rate entails the need to refine the current administrative law mechanism. The research goal is an attempt to work out proposals aimed at improving protection effectiveness of river traffic of passengers and hazardous goods. The objectives of the research are to conduct a legal analysis of the legal framework designed to ensure the safety of inland waterways and transport safety on inland water transport; to systematize a variety of definitions used while regulating safety issues. Based on the analysis, the author singled out the following types of inland waterway transport security: navigation security, and security of inland waterways and their infrastructure. The fact there are no legal norms regulating transport security in the Inland Water Transport Code of the Russian Federation testifies to the lack of both comprehensive security and the stipulated legal mechanism that can be used to protect this type of transport from various types of threats, including acts of unlawful interference. In order to boost the security of vessels and river ports, the author suggests to add the transport security passport of a ship to the documented system of measures used to manage ship security; to review the mandatory requirements established to ensure the safety and transport security of vessels in order for such demands not to overlap and not to impose unreasonable burden on business entities; to compare control and supervision activities on inland water transport by objects of protection in terms of navigable hydraulic structures.

Legal status of the intergovernmental organization of the Danube Commission in the conditions of technical progress of shipping

The article presents the legal status of the international intergovernmental organization of the Danube Commission. The Convention on the Regime of Navigation on the Danube in 1948 defined the institutional and legal structure of the DC, which is an integral feature of any international intergovernmental organization and is determined by its purpose, functions and tasks, which were set by the member states in the founding act of this organization. In its work, the DK relies on the rich historical experience of regulating shipping on international rivers in Europe. The priority areas of its activity are the unification of regulatory acts for navigation on the Danube, promotion of improvement of navigation conditions and improvement of shipping safety, creation of other conditions for the integration of the Danube into the European system as the main transport route. Ukraine is a full member of the international intergovernmental organization DC. The basis is the acquisition of membership in the international intergovernmental organization of the Danube Commission of Ukraine in accordance with the Decree of the Presidium of the Verkhovna Rada of the Ukrainian SSR dated February 18, 1949 "On the ratification of the Convention on the Danube Navigation Regime dated August 18, 1948. There are problems related to shipping and ecology, so it is necessary to clearly define the levels of certain regions and sections of the Danube River, namely the improvement of navigation conditions and improvement of navigation safety. Also, certain ecological restorative measures should be proposed in order to prevent the loss of ecological status. With the help of joint projects, opportunities for improving environmental and shipping conditions should be identified. The Danube Commission is designed to determine the prospects for more active development of trade and transportation on the Danube and the technical progress of shipping, the creation of other conditions for the integration of the Danube into the European system as the main transport route. Shipping is regulated by various international legal and national instruments, in particular, guaranteeing the safety of shipping. The updated version of the "Plan of the main works aimed at achieving the recommended dimensions of the navigation, hydraulic and other structures on the Danube River" and the issue of assisting the national administrations of waterways in carrying out annual hydraulic works were considered.

Satellite Navigation Signal Authentication in GNSS: A Survey on Technology Evolution, Status, and Perspective for BDS

As the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) is widely used in all walks of life, the signal structure of satellite navigation is open, and the vulnerability to spoofing attacks is also becoming increasingly prominent, which will seriously affect the credibility of navigation, positioning, and timing (PNT) services. Satellite navigation signal authentication technology is an emerging technical means of improving civil signal anti-spoofing on the satellite navigation system side, and it is also an important development direction and research focus of the GNSS. China plans to carry out the design and development of the next-generation Beidou navigation satellite system (BDS), and one of its core goals is to provide more secure and credible PNT services. This paper first expounds on the principles and technical architecture of satellite navigation signal authentication, then clarifies the development history of satellite navigation signal authentication, and finally proposes the BDS authentication service system architecture. It will provide technical support for the construction and development of the follow-up Beidou authentication service.

Exploring non-linear relationships between perceived interactivity or interface design and acceptance of collaborative web-based learning.

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10639-023-11635-6.

An unsupervised perplexity-based method for boilerplate removal

AbstractThe availability of large web-based corpora has led to significant advances in a wide range of technologies, including massive retrieval systems or deep neural networks. However, leveraging this data is challenging, since web content is plagued by the so-called boilerplate: ads, incomplete or noisy text and rests of the navigation structure, such as menus or navigation bars. In this work, we present a novel and efficient approach to extract useful and well-formed content from web-scraped data. Our approach takes advantage of Language Models and their implicit knowledge about correctly formed text, and we demonstrate here that perplexity is a valuable artefact that can contribute in terms of effectiveness and efficiency. As a matter of fact, the removal of noisy parts leads to lighter AI or search solutions that are effective and entail important reductions in resources spent. We exemplify here the usefulness of our method with two downstream tasks, search and classification, and a cleaning task. We also provide a Python package with pre-trained models and a web demo demonstrating the capabilities of our approach.

Technical Dimensions of Programming Systems

Programming requires much more than just writing code in a programming language. It is usually done in the context of a stateful environment, by interacting with a system through a graphical user interface. Yet, this wide space of possibilities lacks a common structure for navigation. Work on programming systems fails to form a coherent body of research, making it hard to improve on past work and advance the state of the art. In computer science, much has been said and done to allow comparison of **programming languages**, yet no similar theory exists for *programming systems*; we believe that programming systems deserve a theory too. We present a framework of *technical dimensions* which capture the underlying characteristics of programming systems and provide a means for conceptualizing and comparing them. We identify technical dimensions by examining past influential programming systems and reviewing their design principles, technical capabilities, and styles of user interaction. Technical dimensions capture characteristics that may be studied, compared and advanced independently. This makes it possible to talk about programming systems in a way that can be shared and constructively debated rather than relying solely on personal impressions. Our framework is derived using a qualitative analysis of past programming systems. We outline two concrete ways of using our framework. First, we show how it can analyze a recently developed novel programming system. Then, we use it to identify an interesting unexplored point in the design space of programming systems. Much research effort focuses on building programming systems that are easier to use, accessible to non-experts, moldable and/or powerful, but such efforts are disconnected. They are informal, guided by the personal vision of their authors and thus are only evaluable and comparable on the basis of individual experience using them. By providing foundations for more systematic research, we can help programming systems researchers to stand, at last, on the shoulders of giants.

SISTEM DETEKSI PEMAKAIAN MASKER PADA WAJAH SECARA REAL TIME MENGGUNAKAN FRAMEWORK TENSORFLOW DAN LIBRARY OPENCV

At the end of December 2019, there was a mysterious virus that attacked the city of Wuhan in China. Which at the beginning of 2020 the new virus was a new type, namely (SARS-CoV-2) and the disease was called Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19). The World Health Organization (WHO) provides instructions to maintain a minimum distance of 1 meter, always wash hands with soap, and always use a mask when leaving the house. The purpose of this writing is to create a program to detect wearing masks on the face, which makes it easier for users to detect who is wearing a mask or not. The method used in this writing uses the SDLC model or System Data Life Cycle by carrying out five stages namely, planning, analysis, design, implementation, and testing. The design uses flowcharts and navigation structures as well as two UML diagrams, namely use case diagrams and activity diagrams. Then for making the program using Python as a programming language, Tensorflow as a framework, Keras and Opencv as libraries, and Visual Studio Code as a text editor. From the results of trials that have been carried out using three different devices and with different specifications, this system can detect mask objects very well and this detection system can also detect more than one person wearing a mask, or not wearing a mask.

Data Navigator: An Accessibility-Centered Data Navigation Toolkit.

Making data visualizations accessible for people with disabilities remains a significant challenge in current practitioner efforts. Existing visualizations often lack an underlying navigable structure, fail to engage necessary input modalities, and rely heavily on visual-only rendering practices. These limitations exclude people with disabilities, especially users of assistive technologies. To address these challenges, we present Data Navigator: a system built on a dynamic graph structure, enabling developers to construct navigable lists, trees, graphs, and flows as well as spatial, diagrammatic, and geographic relations. Data Navigator supports a wide range of input modalities: screen reader, keyboard, speech, gesture detection, and even fabricated assistive devices. We present 3 case examples with Data Navigator, demonstrating we can provide accessible navigation structures on top of raster images, integrate with existing toolkits at scale, and rapidly develop novel prototypes. Data Navigator is a step towards making accessible data visualizations easier to design and implement.

Social Business Object Ontology (SoBOOnt): A formal description of a novel concept for social features

In this paper, we introduce the novel concept of “social features for process-oriented business objects” that extends existing research on the Social Network of Business Objects (SoNBO). In SoNBO, data is extracted from heterogenous source systems in the form of business objects and a user-specific knowledge graph is generated and used as a navigation structure in a web application (the so-called SoNBO Explorer). Up to now, the SoNBO Explorer has been limited to information retrieval and access, which is now enriched with interactive functionality, the so called “social features”, that allow the user to add content and thus interact with the information objects. The solution builds on the idea of “social profiles” that are used to represent people in Enterprise Social Networks and extends this idea to business objects. People and objects become (equal) nodes in a knowledge graph on which the user can perform (social) functionality (e.g. following, liking, commenting, tagging, etc.). This way the idiosyncratic functionalities of human-centred collaboration software is applied to process-aware ERP systems. We present the formalisation of our concept in the Social Business Object Ontology (SoBOOnt).

Reconfiguring Archives in Interactive Documentaries

Besides presenting a creative account of reality as a digital format, the interactive documentary plays with the interconnectedness of intermediality by assembling various audio and visual sensory modalities, including moving images, photography, illustration, animation, text, and sound (Whitelaw 2002; Aston and Gaudenzi 2012; Nash 2021). Following this train of thought, using archival footage may open creative possibilities, as it entails repurposing historical, institutional, or personal audiovisual materials into new narratives. Several authors (Russel 1999; Bruzzi 2006; Haggith 2012; Baron 2014) have significantly contributed to the critical reflection on the use of archives within traditional documentary forms, considering the historical, creative, and ethical layers of such content manipulation. On the other hand, archives in interactive documentaries still require more critical analysis, as archival footage drifts from its indexical nature (Haggith 2012) through decontextualization or repurposing, affecting the textuality of the interactive narrative. This paper aims to merge these two territories and analyze how archival footage contributes to an epistemological account of reality in interactive documentaries. Drawing upon De Jong’s (2012) taxonomy to classify how archives are used in traditional documentaries, we analyze how two interactive documentaries - Welcome to Pine Point (Simmons and Shoebridge 2011) and A Short History of the Highrise (Cizek 2013) - reuse and repurpose analogue archives, while interplay these archival materials with other multimedia formats. Departing from the traditional formats of documentary film, De Jong identifies the following uses of archive footage: i) the archive as an illustration (a visual reference and indexical clue); ii) as a historical backdrop (a historical framework and context for the narrative); iii) a metaphorical tool (to produce subjective layers of meaning or create critical or ironic tones); iv) a narrative resource (to create a new dramatic narrative); v) and the archive as legal evidence (an indexical link to past events, referring to legal circumstances). De Jong’s taxonomy provides a methodological framework for the development of this study, which also aims to analyze the documentaries through the concept of “archive-image” (Didi-Huberman 2008); i. e., how archives are used in interactive documentaries and the meaning deriving from how such footage is placed within the navigation structure of the interface, contributing to the multimodal narrative. We argue that interactive documentary provides a territory of engagement and continuous momentum to revive the past by using the archive as historical validation and a shared collective memory space while reimagining new readings and engendering multiple archival imaginaries.

Design for the Further Development of the Popular Science Portal "History of the Earth: Geological Perspective"

This paper discusses analysis of the current state of the popular scientific Portal “History of the Earth: geological perspective”, the prospects for its development and options overview for its further development. The direction of further development of this resource will be the transformation of the structure of information presentation and navigation on the basis of modern requirements for web resources.

Lessons Learned from Building Lessons: “Teach It” and the Development of Digital Primary-Source Classroom Activities

Lessons Learned from Building Lessons: “Teach It” and the Development of Digital Primary-Source Classroom Activities

Spiral Model Sebagai SDLC Method Pada Sistem Informasi Desa (SIMDES)

Village Administrative Services are done in the village office, village information is also done by way of door-to-door system. This resulted in the process of delivering information fairly long. In addition, residents who want to make a submission must come to the village office and wait on the spot or will return with a period of more than one day. The purpose of this study is to provide a container in the form of online information system in the form of web-based village administration services, where residents can get Village information by opening the website. In addition, residents can submit online without having to come to the village submission place. In the design of Village information system using spiral model as Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) method. Needs analysis made has three pages, namely the main page, admin page and community page. In its design consists of the design of the database, namely ERD, input and output document design and navigation structure as the design of the admin and community web page menu. For the programming language used is PHP by using the Framework. Applications created in trials with unit testing using blackbox testing as an evaluation of the application is successful or not.

Investigating hydraulic operational schemes of a large-scale multi-lane lock group concerning water-level fluctuations in a branched approach channel system

Water-level fluctuations in a branched approach channel system exert significant impacts on the operation of navigation structures. This study takes a multi-lane lock group located downstream of the Three Gorges Dam as an example, the spatiotemporal variation patterns of maximum amplitude of water-level fluctuations in a branched approach channel system are revealed based on shallow water model validation, we then investigated the operational modes of a quadruple-lane lock group regarding risky navigation at the lower lock head of the ship lift. Results demonstrate that: (i) effects of initial water surface elevation and base flow during the dry season on the amplitude of water level variations are greater than during the flood season; (ii) maximum water-level fluctuation primarily occurs at the lock heads, with the lock head of the ship lift being the critical concern site where the maximum hourly variation in water level is approximately twice that at the entrance under the simultaneous operation of locks; and (iii) intervals of locks operation longer than 4 min are more conducive to the safe navigation of the ship lift. Conclusions acquired in this study may provide a guidance for controlling water-level fluctuating amplitude during a safe docking scenario of a ship chamber.