Nature Preservation Research Articles

Pengembangan Pariwisata Berbasis Budaya Lokal dengan Analisis Bibliometrik

Research on heritage diversity in Indonesia is still very rare, but for cultural heritage that is almost the same is found in several scopes or aspects of heritage in Indonesia. The problem that occurs in Indonesia is that the development of cultural heritage diversity (heritage diversity) still has a lot to be addressed, and the utilisation of functions that have not been maximised even though relics in the past or cultural heritage are part or characteristic of a nation or country including tribes. The search results using Publish or Perish (PoP) also show the lack of research journals on heritage diversity and cultural heritage. Through VOS Viewer, it was found that heritage diversity or cultural heritage is very potential to be developed and researched because it is still very minimal, especially regarding local culture. Culture-based tourism (Cultural Tourism) is a type of tourism activity that utilises culture as a tourist attraction visited by tourists in these tourist destinations, tourists will experience and learn about certain cultures. If the tourism industry can be managed properly, then tourism can ensure the preservation of nature and culture. In addition, tourism can also be a forum for employment for local communities around the tourist area. This research is qualitative research using Bibliometric analysis. Search results using Publish or Perish (PoP) and VOS Viewer with research objects in Pangandaran Regency, West Java Province.

Conceptualizing the patterns of land use conflicts in wind energy development: Towards a typology and implications for practice

The continued expansion of the wind energy sector with wind turbines growing in number and size has significantly altered landscapes and brought about more sitting controversies and land use conflicts. The novel contribution of this study to the wind energy acceptance debate is in identifying and classifying relationships among specific conflict parties (actors and their coalitions), conflict issues (arguments or claims the parties use in opposition) and project characteristics in onshore wind energy development. The results are based on a comprehensive analysis of 38 case studies from Spain and the Czech Republic (a leader and a laggard in wind energy development in Europe) applying an explanatory sequential research design, involving document analysis, interviews and multivariate statistics. In spite of essential differences between the countries in their geographies and the scale and spatial diffusion of wind farms, most parties and issues emerging in wind energy conflicts are common in both countries. We have identified six components of conflict issues (nature preservation; distributional injustice; property and conveniences; proportions; health concerns; and landscape values and functions), five clusters of conflict parties (i.e., coalitions of actors), and we propose a generic typology of wind energy conflicts (between neighbors conflicts; intra-municipal conflicts; residents vs. second-home owners, municipalities vs. developers; and conflicts of hierarchical powers). The conclusions include recommendations on what planners and developers in both countries can learn from each other and what measures and practices to put in place to minimize possible conflicts in further wind energy development.

Agro-Ecology in the Context of Sustainable Development: Upgrading Index System of Sustainable Development Goals

The article studies agro-ecological activity, which combines goals of agricultural production with maximum regard to environment protection and rational nature use. The relative system of statistic indices gives an opportunity to trace the process and key results of this integrated work within the frames of sustainable development. Methodology of shaping statistic indices provided in the article is based on international classifications used in the field of environment protection. They include international classification worked out by the Eurostat in collaboration with the UN European Commission and OESR and by the Food and Agricultural Organization of the UN (FAO) in the field of nature protection, nature preservation and using land resources. The authors in view of complex analytical and informational approach put forward indices connected with registration and statistical description of the role of agriculture and rural territories in bio-diversity preservation, greenhouse gas emissions caused by agricultural production and rural territories functioning, ecological services and raw material utilization for bio-fuel output. The research findings include the development of the index system, which could improve the quality of statistic control over standing and progress of agro-ecology carried out by national statistic services of CIS memberstates. The obtained agro-ecological indices are harmonized with basic principles of developing environmental statistics in the context of sustainable development.

The importance of local community attitudes for sustainable tourism in protected areas: The case of Tikvara Nature Park, Serbia

Abstract One of the most important elements of tourism development is encouraging the participation of the local community. In order to encourage their participation, it is necessary to be aware of the attitudes of the local residents with respect to the development of tourism. The aim of this research is to determine the attitudes of the local community towards the development of sustainable tourism and ecotourism in the protected area Tikvara, along with the local residents’ level of nature protection and preservation in the Tikvara Nature Park. A survey was conducted among 301 residents and the results indicate that while good community support for sustainable tourism activities in each area captured by the survey (planning, participation, activities, and decision-making) exists, local residents’ attitudes are affected by their sociodemographic characteristics. Nonetheless, a large number of locals were happy to participate in protection programs and believed that the environment should be protected for future generations to enjoy the natural and cultural resources of this area. These findings should be considered when designing sustainable tourism management strategies, while respecting the needs and rights of the local community, as the willingness of locals to develop sustainable tourism is essential for the success of this sector.

HUBUNGAN AYAT-AYAT KELESTARIAN LINGKUNGAN DALAM AL-QUR’AN, BIBEL, DAN TORAH DENGAN FILSAFAT LINGKUNGAN (ANALISIS INTERTEKTUALITAS JULIA KRISTEVA)

This paper discusses the preservation of nature from various religious scriptures and focuses on three holy books, namely the Qur'an, the Bibel, and the Torah. The universe is the responsibility of all human beings. However, in this modern era, a lot of human actions have emerged that can harm nature so the essence of its sustainability is not well maintained. Therefore, serious efforts are needed to preserve nature. This article uses a qualitative approach with a comparative analysis method. The result of this research is that from the point of view of environmental philosophy, the current economic crisis occurs because of the human paradigm itself. So religion, in this case, the texts of the scriptures, has an important position in restoring the holistic-ecological paradigm for the sake of creating the preservation of the natural environment.

SUBJECTIVE AWARENESS OF TOURISM-AWARE GROUP IN MAINTAINING NATURAL CONSERVATION AT THE CEURACEU EUMBOEN TOURISM ATTRACTION, ALUE JANG VILLAGE, PASIE RAYA SUB-DISTRICT, ACEH JAYA REGENCY

This study examines the subjective awareness of the Tourism-Aware Group in Maintaining Nature Conservation at the Ceuraceu Eumboen Tourism Object, Alue Jang Village, Pasie Raya Sub-District, Aceh Jaya Regency. The problem in this research is the subjective awareness of what drives the tourism conscious group in preserving nature, and how the subjective awareness of the tourism conscious group in maintaining the preservation of nature. The research method used in this study is a qualitative research method. In this study, the researcher used the thoughts of Max Weber about social action. The results of this research show that what encourages tourism-aware groups to preserve nature at the Ceuraceu Eumboen tourist attraction, first, is because the tourism-aware group's love for nature encourages them to preserve nature. Second, they are aware that the Ceuraceu Eumboen waterfall is one of the springs used to meet the needs of the local community. Third, the source of economic income through tourism businesses. Furthermore, the subjective awareness of tourism-aware groups in preserving nature is that they form rules resulting from the agreement of tourism-aware groups with local communities, then establish cooperation between tourism-aware groups, hold regular discussions about the importance of preserving forests for the sustainable life of fellow Pokdarwis groups, lastly outreach to the community. Keywords: Subjective Awareness, Tourism-Aware Group, Nature Conservation, and Ceuraceu Eumboen.

Концепция управления временем В.Н. Муравьева в эпоху антропоцена: диалог естественного и искусственного

This article analyses the teaching of Valerian Muravyov, a Russian cosmist, in the context of modern ecological discourse. It is emphasized here that at present, due to the active technological development, society is faced with the Anthropocene crisis. Its manifestations and ways of overcoming it are reflected in the works by representatives of Russian cosmism. The object of the research is the philosophical heritage of Muravyov as a prominent representative of the Russian philosophical thought. The purpose of this article was to study the concept of mastering time, developed by Muravyov, in order to find ways out of the dangerous socio-ecological situation in which the society of the Anthropocene epoch found itself in the late 20th and early 21st centuries, as well as to determine the possibilities of maintaining a balance between the natural and artificial human habitats under these conditions. Achieving this goal requires accomplishing a number of tasks, such as: a general analysis and assessment of the relevance of the idea of mastering time to the global problems of our era; examination of Muravyov’s interpretation of the concept of culture and its extrapolation to the problems of nature preservation in the process of the ongoing technological revolution; exploration of the works of philosophical and ecological theorists within the framework of the Anthropocene concept, while identifying correlations between these works and Muravyov’s ideas. The scientific novelty of this paper consists in the dissection of Muravyov’s ideas, still largely unresearched, in considering their relevance to the current socio-ecological problems, as well as in analysing their similarities with and differences from the theories of other representatives of the ecological and philosophical thought. In addition, the paper suggests possible ways to overcome the current crisis. It is concluded that Muravyov’s concept, including the idea of a rational transformation of the world by people, which requires their uniting for a common cause, may be applied to solve the problems faced by humanity in the Anthropocene epoch.

Disturbance Severity and Human–Nature Relationships: A New Approach to Analyze People’s Well-Being along a Bark Beetle Infestation Gradient

Contact to nature and greenspace is important for emotional well-being and can promote human health. Forest landscapes provide such access to greenspace, especially in protected areas. However, forested protected areas are impacted by natural disturbances such as bark beetle infestations. On the one hand, such disturbances have positive impacts on ecological processes and biodiversity. On the other hand, they have allegedly negative impacts on the recreational value of a landscape. Limited knowledge about the public’s perception of forests subject to natural disturbances still hampers forest management to balance ecological functions and visitors’ recreational experience. Thus, our aim was to determine how attitudes towards nature influence the personal well-being in a naturally disturbed landscape. We investigated self-reported well-being and attitudes towards nature in a standardized questionnaire-based survey of 1008 German inhabitants in an experimentally adapted landscape visualization. Self-reported well-being was generally highest in landscapes with relatively few bark-beetle-killed trees. This was especially the case for people who felt included with nature and preferred an appreciative use or preservation of nature. Conversely, people who had previously visited a national park with visible bark beetle infestations rated their personal well-being highest in landscapes with larger proportions of beetle-killed trees. Our results indicate that it is necessary to analyze people’s knowledge about and relations to forest landscapes as well as concepts of nature conservation, natural landscapes, and biodiversity to gain a better understanding of people’s perceptions of natural disturbances.

Tourism Industry Attitudes towards National Parks and Wilderness: A Case Study from the Icelandic Central Highlands

National parks serve a dual purpose: they aim to protect pristine nature and they are intended to facilitate visitation and provide necessary services. However, as visitation increases, it becomes challenging to establish a balance between visitation and the preservation of nature. This paper aims to examine the attitudes of tourism service providers in Iceland towards a proposed national park in the Central Highlands of Iceland, where pristine nature and wilderness are the main attraction, as well as the grounds for conservation. A mixed methodological approach was applied with an online questionnaire survey among all day-tour operators and travel agencies in Iceland, along with 48 semi-structured interviews as follow-up for a deeper understanding. In total, 382 companies answered the online survey, representing a 40% response rate. The results demonstrate that there are mixed opinions on whether the establishment of a national park is the best way to maintain the qualities of the area, with various arguments for and against the national park. Nevertheless, most tourism service providers want to have a say in its governance. It is however important to remember that the tourism industry exploits nature as a market-driven commodity, as its voice must always be evaluated in light of this.

Chitosan based micro and nano-particulate delivery systems for bacterial prodigiosin: Optimization and toxicity in animal model system

Prodigiosin, a red bacterial pigment is a compound with promising therapeutic properties. Major hindrance in applying prodigiosin in pharmaceutics is the insolubility in water and lack of bioavailability. This study aims to optimize two different types of chitosan based delivery systems, microspheres and nanoparticles for prodigiosin derived from Serratia marcescens NITDPER1 through Taguchi method and determine toxicity perspectives. The results revealed 0.5 % chitosan, 1 % sodium-alginate and 5 % CaCl2 optimum for microsphere and 0.1 % chitosan, 1.5 % TPP and 1.5 % acetic acid for nanoparticle with the entrapment efficiency and maximum release of 89.27 ± 1.2 % and 87.42 ± 1.9 % for microspheres and 96.36 ± 1.7 % and 91.58 ± 2.1 % for nanoparticles. Particle size was 93.03 ± 0.3 μm and 75.1 ± 1.4 nm for micro and nanoformulations. Kinetic parameters of release fitted best with Korsmeyer-Peppas model. Swelling index of microsphere and nanoparticles in pH 6.8 was 799 ± 7.1 % and 35.3 ± 2.1 % respectively. FESEM, FT-IR and XRD revealed spherical morphology, preservation of prodigiosin functional groups and amorphous nature of the formulations. Anticancer IC50 values were (μg mL−1) 11.7 ± 1.2, 10.8 ± 1.4 and 9.4 ± 0.8 for free prodigiosin, microsphere and nanoparticles respectively. Toxicity studies on HEK-293 cell line, Daphnia magna and zebrafish model determined non-toxic nature of the bacterial prodigiosin and its formulations revealing suitability of animal system application.

For a Different Kind of Wildlife Management: Actions in Favour of the Wilderness as a Space for Experience and a Means of Diffusing Practices in Europe

In response to the present ecological crisis, new approaches to environmental conservation and management are being developed in Europe. One of the axes considered by nature protection stakeholders since the 2000s is to encourage the return of the wilderness. This has led to the deployment of a variety of initiatives, mainly led by civil and non-profit organisations. The objective here, through the analysis of the discourses of stakeholders—from semi-directive interviews—and the initiatives developed in Western Europe, is to understand how the multitude of projects carried out throughout Europe constitutes a proposal for new environmental management practices. Indeed, the studied initiatives introduce a paradigm shift by reflecting a will to go beyond the mere preservation of nature in order to contribute to a global territorial transition. To this end, the studied projects propose to create both a social and interspecies link around their sites, but also to ensure the development of virtuous economic forms in the territories.

Paths to Healthier Eating: Perceptions and Interventions for Success

Paths to Healthier Eating: Perceptions and Interventions for Success

Diagnóstico sobre la percepción ambiental de estudiantes de la Universidad Metropolitana del Ecuador

The objective of this non-experimental research with a descriptive scope was to diagnose the environmental perception and knowledge on this subject of the students of various careers of the Metropolitan University of Ecuador. In order to support the importance of environmental training from all the subjects of the curriculum of the academic offer, not only with a vision oriented to the nature preservation and the protection of the environment, but also from the perspective of sustainable development. For it, a questionnaire was designed based on the bibliography and applied to a sample of 200 students. As a result, it was obtained that approximately 50% of the students consider that they have high-medium knowledge on environmental issues and this same amount expresses irritation on situations that deteriorate the environment. However, the other half is not aware of the situation and seriousness of the environmental problems of global society, neither the level of necessary environmental perception to induce them to change habits and values ​​towards the protection and care of the environment, as an essential dimension for sustainable development.

Functional Connectivity of Naturally Valuable Habitats in the Jeseníky Protected Landscape Area

Abstract This paper focuses on evaluating the functional connectivity of naturally valuable habitats within the territory of the Jeseníky Protected Landscape Area (PLA). Analysis of functional connectivity was carried out for individual zones of classified nature preservation. The methodological approach that is applied is based on determining indicators for expressing the degree of the natural character of individual landscape segments (Nd), the distance to naturally valuable habitats (Dn), and a composite index Distance to Nature (D2N). The results for the individual zones and the PLA as a whole are mutually compared and consequently confronted with values for the territory of the entire Czech Republic. All three research questions, i.e. whether naturally valuable habitats prevail in the most valuable area in the first protected zone of the Jeseníky PLA, whether the distance to naturally valuable habitats in the first zone of the Jeseníky PLA is the shortest, and whether the territory of the Jeseníky PLA is better functionally interlinked when compared with the remaining territory of the Czech Republic (CR), were answered positively. The results highlight the need to assess the connectivity of natural habitats in the least protected zones of other PLAs in the Czech Republic and EU, to decide whether planning measures to support the ecological network are necessary.

THE SMART SPECIALIZATION APPROACH THROUGH THE PRISM OF THE KEY PROVISIONS OF THE THEORY OF FREE TRADE: CONCLUSIONS FOR UKRAINE

The purpose of the article is to analyze the approach of smart specialization through the prism of key provisions of D. Ricardo's theory of comparative advantage, to identify its limitations for industrial weak countries and on this basis to identify key guidelines for the development of smart specialization strategies in Ukraine in view of the challenges of the postwar era. Materials and methods. The study is based on theoretical works of Ukrainian and foreign scientists on the problems of implementing the approach of smart-specialization in the practice of regional development. The work was carried out using the methods of systematization and generalization, analysis and synthesis, comparative analysis, and systematic approach. Results. The theoretical basis of the approach of "smart specialization" is revealed, the synthesis of economic schools, theories and concepts underlying this approach is defined. The insufficient theoretical development of its main provisions, which is negatively reflected in practice, especially in less economically developed countries and regions, was substantiated. It is concluded that the reasons for this lie, in particular, in the limitations of the Ricardian theory, on the provisions of which the smart specialization approach is based. It is emphasized that the Ricardian theory does not take into account the technological factor, which considers the technological base of the country as a constant, which does not give industrial weak countries an opportunity to change the raw material nature of their economy to a fundamentally new - innovative one. The historical retrospective traces the strategy of development of economically powerful countries in achieving their international competitive advantages, which is diametrically opposed to Ricardian theory. On the basis of this the key guidelines for the development of strategies of reasonable specialization in Ukraine in the post-war period of its reconstruction in order to prevent the preservation of the raw material nature of the national economy and its secondary position in the world are outlined. Conclusion. It is proved that post-war reconstruction of Ukraine should be aimed at radical changes in the structure of the economy, the transition from the agrarian-raw type to industrial-innovative type on the basis of creating a modern high-tech industry in the conditions of unfolding in the world of a new technological revolution.

Kearifan Lokal dalam Kumpulan Puisi Banjar sebagai Media Pembelajaran pada Sekolah Menengah

Local wisdom is a system of values ​​and norms that are compiled, adhered to, understood, and applied by local communities based on their understanding and experience in interacting with the environment. Local wisdom is very important to be learnt because it functions as 1) conservation of natural resources, 2) human resource development 3) cultural development 4) development and science 5) ethics and morals, and so on. This research is focused on 1) the form of local wisdom found in Banjar poetry collection and 2) how to apply local wisdom in Banjar poetry collection as a medium of learning in secondary schools. The method of the research is descriptive analysis. The data sources of this research are 1) a collection of Banjar poetry and 2) teachers and students of Madrasah Aliyah Muhamadiyah 1 Banjarmasin. Data collection techniques used in this research are text observations, field observations, interviews and questionnaires. The results of the research are 1) the local wisdom found in Banjar poetry collection are in the form of beliefs, customary laws, and norms. It was found that local community’s belief of their ancestors in Meratus forest is still strong. The people believe that Meratus has its own “guard” called Panglima Burung, he is accompanied by traditional music called kuriding. The local community also believe in Panglima Angsa for their guidance in life, the people often ask for his wisdom. The local community's customary law found in Banjar poetry collection is the presence of ancestral sabers called mandau that are flown in when the community wants to cut tyranny for the loss of their homes in Meratus forest. The norm is in the form of an appeal to preserve nature which is called Bawanang. Bawanang is seen as an ancestor who is able to overcome all environmental damage by using supernatural powers. The community also believe that Bawanang is capable to drive away greedy people who damage the environment and 2) Learning local wisdom through Banjar poetry collection can be done by a) asking students to analyse the atmosphere, theme, and meanings of local wisdom found in Banjar poetry collection and b) asking students to demonstrate local wisdom found in Banjar poetry collection by applying the norms that exist in the poetry to their daily life activities as the norms are considered to be some messages from the ancestors to maintain preservation of nature.

INDIGENOUS ECUADORIANS’ CHALLENGES AND ATTEMPTS TO COMBAT EXTRACTIVE INDUSTRIES: A HUMAN RIGHTS-BASED APPROACH

Ecuador is remarkably known as the first country that granted natural constitutional rights. However, it still does not guarantee its nature preservation. This Latin American country is also highly dependent on oil. The dilemma of the continuity of the extractive industries emerged in the discussion. This influences indigenous peoples' unmet rights, especially when they are the ones who are directly affected by climate change as forest dwellers. To defend their territories, indigenous people in Ecuador do not stand still. Indigenous rights and sovereignty over their lands are becoming more widely recognized, which may prevent the Amazon from further damage. This research aims to investigate the actions and challenges that Indigenous Ecuadorians must face in combatting extractive industries. The authors use a descriptive qualitative approach and collect data from library research. This study uses a human rights-based approach to analyze the content of this paper. As a result, this research found that Ecuador’s government which plays the duty-bearer is failing and lacking the obligations to protect indigenous rights. On the other side, the indigenous people in Ecuador are thriving to defend their rights by reflecting on the human rights-based approach's five principles: participation, accountability, non-discrimination and equality, empowerment, and legality. Indigenous peoples and environmental groups are not enabling misery or hunger by supporting the environmentally practical measure.

The ABC connectedness to nature scale: development and validation of a scale with an approach to affective, behavioural, and cognitive aspects

Connectedness to nature influences the well-being and health of individuals, communities, and the planet. Although many validated scales exist, none includes the three fundamental aspects of any attitude: the affective, behavioural, and cognitive components. The study’s main objective was to develop and validate an integral tool, the ABC Connectedness to Nature Scale (ABC-CNS), which would enable the measurement of the affective, behavioural, and cognitive aspects of this construct. The questionnaire was administered to 1,375 students (878 Ecuadorian and 497 Spanish). Exploratory factor analysis retained the three expected factors. Confirmatory factor analyses confirmed a robust adjustment for the tridimensional structure, but cross-cultural invariance was not attained: Although the ABC-CNS is valid for both Ecuador and Spain, the scores cannot be compared in both cultural contexts analysed. The pattern of relations with other psychological variables (proenvironmental values, appreciation and preservation of nature, and individual and classmates’ proenvironmental behaviours) provided evidence of the structure and construct validity. The ABC-CNS scale is an integral, reliable, and short tool to measure connectedness to nature through the proposed dimensions. The tool is suitable for environmental professionals and researchers to assess individuals’ connectedness to nature, a psychological variable that may affect a person’s mental health and proenvironmental behaviour.

Enhancing Residents’ Environmentally Responsible Behavioral Intentions: The Role of Awe and Place Attachment in Potatso National Park Communities, Tibet

China announced its first policy framework for the construction of a protected areas system centered on national parks in 2019. It is increasingly recognized that the intentions of local community residents to engage in environmentally responsible behaviors are essential to achieving biodiversity goals in area-based conservation. Using an extended theory of planned behavior that incorporates the emotional factors of “Awe” and “place attachment,” this research tested hypotheses and constructed a theoretical model regarding the environmentally responsible behavioral intentions of community residents within and outside Potatso National Park, a pilot park in the new Chinese protected area system. A quantitative questionnaire survey of residents yielded 503 valid responses, and structural equation modeling was used to test the theoretical hypotheses. The results show that Awe has a significantly positive effect on environmentally responsible behavioral intentions. It also has a significantly positive effect on Place Attachment and subjective norms, which also strengthen environmentally responsible behavioral intentions. In addition, Place Attachment was found to be an important mediating factor for the influence of Awe on environmentally responsible behavioral intentions. According to the general model, both rational and emotional factors drive the behavioral intentions of local residents. Moreover, the findings reveal that the regulating effect of Place Attachment plays a greater role among those whose livelihoods are more dependent on the natural environment, while subjective norms play a greater role among those whose livelihoods are less dependent on the natural environment. The results provide a useful theoretical basis and practical reference for the use of rational and emotional factors to drive environmentally responsible behaviors among residents in and surrounding national parks, and for the promotion of the role of protected areas in nature preservation and community development.

Does Environmental Interpretation Impact Public Ecological Flow Experience and Responsible Behavior? A Case Study of Potatso National Park, China.

Being responsible for ensuring nature preservation, environmental interpretation raises people’s awareness of nature preservation as a form of public service, and enhance their environmentally responsible behavior. Based on the flow theory, this study proposes a conceptual model of environmental interpretation impacts on visit motivation, ecological experience, environmental attitudes, and environmental behaviors. Selecting the users (visitors) of environmental interpretation at Potatso National Park in Shangri-La, Yunnan Province, China, we obtained 568 valid questionnaires and used Amos software to analyze a structural equation model to verify the model. The results indicate that the environmental interpretation plays a significant role in enriching the public’s ecological experience, which is an intermediary variable in which visiting motivation influences environmental attitudes and guides environmentally responsible behavior. The research suggests that national parks should strengthen the environmental interpretation facilities experiential and available, and adjust the configuration of the existing interpretation media in the three-dimensional structure of theme, space, and time, considering the motivation of the public visits, enriching ecological experience, and inspiring service details.