Nature Position Research Articles

The Application of Leadership and Management Principles in Libraries

This essay elaborates on how a librarian of the developing country used some of the principles for the progress of his library. The librarians of the developing countries work under circumstances that might be unusual for the developed world. Here, a library leader has to apply diverse skills, strategies and principles for the advancement of his/her library. Although many of them are common, however, some of the leadership principles and management strategies may vary with the nature, scope, size, and strategic position of a library. More importantly, the management strategy of a librarian depends upon the psychology, nature and behavior of a community in which he/she serves. Professional as well as personal competencies are not developed overnight. A true librarian learns lessons from the past and then plans for the future.

The contribution of the Brazilian Nurses Association-Santa Catarina in the 75 years of the Brazilian Nurses Association

The present work describes the trajectory of the Brazilian Association of Nursing (ABEn) in Santa Catarina since its inception on 13 March 1962, until the present days. It refers to the precarious situation of nursing in the 1960's and the insufficiency of professionals in that federal state, as the main reasons for the creation of the branch in that state. The activities developed by ABEn-SC are reported in this study in order to reveal the nature and political position of the association towards social impacts and public departments. The study explains the means used to give publicity and to up-date the profession and the events that this association has carried out or cooperated with. It also makes reference to the partners that have given support to the ABEn-SC and the way it has promoted its activities.

The Mount Kare Python and His Gold: Totemism and Ecology in the Papua New Guinea Highlands

Lying between the Huli and Paiela peoples of the Papua New Guinea highlands, Mt. Kare, the site of a gold rush from 1988 to 1990, presently inspires millenarian speculations about an imminent cosmic revolution. Mt. Kare was traditionally a ritual site where pigs were sacrificed to Taiyundika, a totemic python, to promote the fertility of plant, animal, and human species. Today it is where gold is mined in pursuit of unprecedented riches and millenarian transformations. Although sacrifices are no longer conducted at Mt. Kare, the python still has some salience for Paielas, who consider the gold to be the flesh of the totemic python. Blending Christianity with traditional cosmology, Paielas interpret the finding of the gold as a millenarian sign. As an ancestral figure who guarantees the continuing fertility of the earth in exchange for pork sacrifices, the python stands at the core of Paiela constructions of nature and humanity's position within it. Paiela totemism is explored for what it can teach us about an indigenous symbolic ecology and how “local knowledge” or a “cognized model” can inflect capital‐intensive resource development at a time of ostensible globalization. The ecology of Mt. Kare gold mining must be sensitive to intercultural processes and how global flows (of ideologies, technologies, and capital) are mediated by vernacular constructions. [Papua New Guinea, mining, totemism, symbolic ecology, place]

The logic of human personality: an onto-logical account

Introduction -- The Human Person: A Logical/Historical Study Mill and Other Critics of the Categories Dewey's Dissatisfaction Marcel's Philosophy of the Person Ancient Sources of the Word 'Person' Medieval and Early Modern Views of Person The Vanishing Person: The Encyclopaedia Britannica An Individual Substance Quality and the Rational Nature Quantity, Place, and Position as Personal Categories Persons in Relationships Action, Passion, and the Compassionate Buddha Persons in Time The Category of Having as Revealing the Person Conclusion.

Synthesis and antimicrobial evaluation of a series of 7-[3-amino (or aminomethyl)-4-aryl (or cyclopropyl)-1-pyrrolidinyl]-4-quinolone- and -1,8-naphthyridone-3-carboxylic acids.

A series of 6-fluoroquinolone- and 6-fluoro-1,8-naphthyridone-3-carboxylic acids possessing a [3-amino (or aminomethyl)-4-aryl (or cyclopropyl)-1-pyrrolidinyl] group at C-7 were synthesized and evaluated for their antimicrobial activity. The effect of the relative stereochemistry of the pyrrolidinyl substituents, as well as the presence of different functional groups on the 4-aryl (or cyclopropyl) moiety, was investigated in conjunction with their attachment to several quinolone or naphthyridone nuclei. In general, the incorporation of substituents on the aryl (or cyclopropyl) ring decreased in vitro and in vivo activity, regardless of the nature and relative position of the substituent. Bulky, lipophilic groups and substitution at the 2- and 3-position of the aromatic ring were particularly deleterious. Within a limited subset of derivatives, cis substitution of the pyrrolidine ring was less favorable than trans substitution. The majority of these effects were more apparent against the Enterobacteriaceae than against any other Gram-negative or Gram-positive organism and could be associated with negative interactions related to permeability or transport factors.

AES study of the SiO 2/SiC interface in the oxidation of CVD β-SiC

The SiO 2/SiC interface of chemically vapour deposited (CVD) β-SiC samples oxidized in 1 atm O 2 for 10 min at T = 1300–1360°C was investigated using Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). The interface width is ∼ 400 Å and it contains a mixture of SiO 2, SiC and a silicon suboxide SiO x ( x < 2), together with the presence of a carbon excess in this region. Unfortunately, we could not identify the nature and network position of this carbon. Moreover, there is some oxygen in the SiC scale, the Auger peak position of which corresponds to adsorbed oxygen.

Synthesis of thiamine in Salmonella typhimurium independent of the purF function

In Salmonella typhimurium, the first five steps in purine biosynthesis also serve as the first steps in the biosynthesis of the pyrimidine moiety of thiamine (vitamin B1). Strains with null mutations of the first gene of purine-thiamine synthesis (purF) can, under some circumstances, grow without thiamine. This suggests the existence of an alternative pathway to thiamine that can function without the purF protein. To demonstrate the nature and map position of the purF mutations corrected, a fine-structure genetic map of the purF gene was made. The map allows identification of deletion mutations that remove virtually all of the purF gene, as defined by mutations. We describe conditions and mutations (panR) which allow B1 synthesis appears to require enzymes which act mutants lacking purF function. The alternative route of B1 synthesis appears to require enzymes which act subsequent to the purF enzyme in the purine pathway.

Wooden rural buildings: an adventage in landscaping

Aesthetic values conservation are more important every day. Wooden constructions are better for this conservation. Construction impact on landscape can be analyzed by two ways; Synthetic and Analytic methods. Using at first a list of wood adventages (based in comparing photographs) can be found. It is a natural material and it can be selected a great kind of textures and colours, visual, auditory tactile, smelling and gustative comfort is provided. Psychological factors are in favour of wooden constructions. Assembling and demolition cause less landscape impact. Nevertheless, Analytic method are based on physics and aesthetics components analysis. Physics components are walls materials, buildings distribution and services in buildings. Aesthetics components are shape, sacale. line and colour in a first group and texture in a second. Otherwise the texture wood has different posibilities, its own nature, finished treatement and boards position.

Pastoral Care: Unique or Universal?

ABSTRACT The nature, development and current position of Pastoral Care in England are considered. Attention is drawn to both the strengths and problems of Pastoral Care, and the problematic dimensions are underlined by the comparison of Pastoral Care in England and Western Australia. The question raised in the paper's title is addressed through a comparison with guidance in Canada. The writer suggests that, though this comparison suggests broad underlying principles to affective education, it also shows that Pastoral Care has some unique qualities which could be profitably used as models. It is stressed that Pastoral Care is best understood in a broad international context.

Retarded and enhanced dopant diffusion in silicon related to implantation-induced excess vacancies and interstitials

The influence of the lattice defects induced by silicon-ion implantation on the B, P, As, and Sb diffusivities is investigated after annealing between 700 and 900 °C. The nature and depth position of the residual implantation defects in undoped samples is determined by the analysis of the rocking curves obtained by triple-crystal x-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. In particular, besides the interstitial dislocation loops and clusters below the original amorphous-crystal interface, the epitaxial regrowth of the amorphized silicon leaves a vacancy-rich surface layer and a deeper region enriched in interstitials. These regions correspond to those where Monte Carlo simulations of defect production foresee excess point defects. Accordingly, as the dopant is located in correspondence with the vacancy or interstitial clusters, different behaviors of anomalous diffusion are observed. In the deep region where an interstitial excess is present, B and P show marked enhanced diffusion, while only a small enhancement is exhibited by As and Sb. On the contrary, retarded diffusivity for B and light enhancement for As and Sb are observed in the surface layer. These different trends are consistent with the different accepted contributions of vacancies and interstitials to the diffusion mechanisms of the investigated dopants.

Fluorescence behaviour of some 4-substituted halobenzenes

The fluorescence characteristics of 4-substituted chloro and fluorobenzenes I and II were studied in isooctane and acetonitrile solutions. It was found that all compounds exhibit a weak (substituent and solvent dependent) fluorescence in the range 305-370 nm with quantum yields 1.2 . 10-2-2.3 . 10-1. The relation between the substituent nature and fluorescence band position may be quantified by log νf~ = ρσp + log νf~0, the magnitude of the shift paralleling the donor strength of the substituent. Fluorescence quantum yields are increased approximately by a factor 2 on going from isooctane to acetonitrile and solvent-induced shifts are proportional to the static dipole moment change Δμ which occurs upon excitation. Radiative decay rate varies only slightly around a mean value of 5 . 107 s-1 and shows no substantial difference between chloro (I) and fluoro (II) derivatives. The non-radiative decay rate (of the order ~ 109 s-1) was found to be about 5 times higher in the case of chloro compounds due to the more efficient S1 - Tn intersystem crossing.

Substitution effect in electronic absorption spectra of 2- and 2,6-substituted 4-benzhydrylidene-2,5-cyclohexadien-1-ones

Electronic absorption spectra of the seventeen fuchsone derivatives Ia-Iq were recorded in n-hexane. The symmetric Gaussian function could be fitted to absorption profiles within the region of the lowest energy π-π* transition. Bad parameters obtained in this way were utilized in calculation of the corresponding oscillator and dipole strengths. The effect of substitution on positions and intensities of all the observed bands was also investigated. The most sensitive response to substituent change is exhibited by the longest wavelength absorption band. The relation between the substituent nature and band position or oscillator strength may be quantified as P sum from i=1 to n (ρiσi) + P0. It follows from the analysis of variance that both the inductive and steric effects are operating. On the other hand, for the non-symmetrically substituted fuchsones, the band intensity characterized by the molar absorption coefficient is a linear function of the inductive effect only. There is no statistically significant contribution of the resonance effect in any of the quantities investigated. The effect of solvent was followed by the separate evaluation of the wavenumbers related to maxima of the longest wavelength band of fuchsones Ia-Iq in the following series of solvents: n-hexane, cyclohexane, isooctane, tetrahydrofurane, acetone, acetonitrile and ethanol.

Policy Change in Direct Government Responses to UK Unemployment

ABSTRACTThis article examines the patterns of policy change in the field of direct responses to unemployment in the UK. After discussing the nature of the policy area, the article proceeds to identify instances of policy innovation, persistence, succession and termination under the headings of Job Creation, Employment Subsidy, Training, and Youth. As this is a relatively new problem for British government there are several cases of policy innovation, but the most striking finding is of a high number of policy successions. Discussion is then focused upon the relevance of a range of factors which might explain the patterns of policy change deduced, suggesting that the most important of these have been (i) ‘symbolic pay offs’ of policy change; (ii) the in-built terminators in most special employment measures; (iii) the nature and strategic position of the unemployment policy community; (iv) changing cabinet objectives. It is concluded, despite the several problems of this form of analysis pin-pointed, that in this study programme changes were generally good indicators of policy change, providing a useful over-view of this important sphere of government policy.

The Small Baths at Hadrian's Villa

The building is something of a minor celebrity because of its unorthodox plan and the unusual, undulating form of one of its vaults, but it has not been published in any detail. Its fabric, quite well preserved, has now been studied thoroughly with a view to obtaining a reliable base for analysis and for restoration studies. Here the building is described, its plan and interior dispositions analyzed, and its decor and technology reported. Details of chronology, and of the physical state of the building, are given in appendices, drawings, and tables. The artistic nature and historical position of the design are discussed against the background of the architectural principles of the Villa as a whole and within the framework of Roman imperial architecture. Although the Baths are usually regarded in the literature as something of a dead end-interesting, perhaps, but of little significance in the history of architecture-they can be said to be an outstanding example of that experimental strain in Roman architecture which in a sense reached maturity only when certain of its principles were absorbed into the work of postRenaissance, anti-regole masters.

Stimulation of cell proliferation in rat liver by α-hexachlorocyclohexane or partial hepatectomy and end points during G 1 of the inhibitory action of β-diethylaminoethylphenyldiallyl acetate · HCl (CFT 1201), β-diethylaminoethyldiphenylpropyl acetate · HCl (SKF 525-A) and actinomycin D

The present work was designed to study the nature, sequence and temporal position of some inhibitor-sensitive events of the replicative cycle in rat liver. Hepatocyte proliferation was induced by α-hexachlorocyclohexane and by partial hepatectomy; the onset of DNA synthesis and of mitotic activity were determined and used as reference points in the cell cycle. Inhibition of cell proliferation was achieved by CFT 1201, SKF 525-A, and actinomycin D. It was found that the inhibitory action of the three agents ends at the same stage of the replicative cycle, 0–2 h before the G 1 S transition, in both α-hexachlorocyclohexane-stimulated and regenerating rat liver. It is concluded that the molecular events sensitive to CFT 1201, SKF 525-A or actinomycin D are either identical or temporally closely associated; they do not figure in the metabolic activation of α-hexachlorocyclohexane.

Antiinflammatory fluoroalkanesulfonanilides. 3. Other fluoroalkanesulfonamido diaryl systems.

A series of isosteres of 3-benzoyltrifluoromethanesulfonanilide involving alternatives to the carbonyl linking group was synthesized and screened for antiinflammatory activity in the carrageenan rat paw edema test. The systems examined were of the type m-CF3SO2NH-C6H4-X-C6H5, where X was -CROH-, -CHR-, -CH(OH)CH2-, -COCH2-, -CH2CO-, greater than C equal to CR2, -CR equal to CH, -C identical to C-, -CH2CH2-, CONH-, -NR-, -O-, -S(O)n- (n equal to 0,1,2), and carbon-carbon single bond. Many ortho and para derivatives were also tested. Several of these new trifluoromethanesulfonanilides proved equipotent with phenylbutazone. The effects on the anticarrageenan activity of both the nature and ring position of X are discussed.

MÖSSBAUER AND CHANNELING STUDIES ON119Te,119Sb AND119Sn IMPLANTS IN GROUP-IV ELEMENTS

R&urn&. - Le processus d'implantation d'ions Te, Sb et Sn implantts a l'aide d'un stparateur d'isotopes dans des monocristaux des elements du groupe IV (diamant, silicium et germanium), a BtB etudie par spectroscopie Mossbauer a l'aide de la transition de 24 keV de 11 9Sn ainsi que par des mesures complCmentaires de canalisation. 1lgrnSn (245 j), llgrnTe (4,7 j) et ll9Sb (38 h) ont Ctb implantes a des energies de 60 keV, des doses de 1013 a 1017 atomeslcm2 et des temperatures de 20 a 450 OC. Une grande proportion des isotopes sont implantts en substitution dans tous les cas. On discute la nature et la position possible d'un second site, observe dans certaines expbriences. Abstract. - The implantation behaviour of isotope-separator implanted Te, Sb, and Sn in single crystals of group-IV elements (diamond, silicon, and germanium) has been studied in Mossbauer experiments on the 24-keV transition of IlgSn and in complementing channeling experiments. Radio- active 1lgrnSn (245 d), 1lgrnTe (4.7 d), and ll9Sb (38 h) was implanted at energies of 60 keV, doses of 1013-1017 atoms/cmz, and temperatures of 20-450 OC. Large substitutional fractions are iden- tified for all implantations. The nature and possible position of a second site observed in some implantations is discussed. 1. Introduction. - Hyperfine investigations with impurity atoms implanted in solids by means of beam methods (such as nuclear-reaction recoil techniques or isotope-separator implantations) are often hampered by lack of information regarding the location of the implanted atoms and the influence of radiation damage created in the implantation process. It is generally assumed that for ion implantations at energies E 2 10 keV, the final lattice location of the implanted atoms (in theirmal equilibrium) is not dominantly determined by dynamical events during the slowing- down process but rather by interactions in the host lattice afterwards. This assumption is supported by the observation that implanted atoms of the same mass number but different atomic number end up in different lattice sites. The implantation behaviour depends also on implantation temperature and dose, radiation damage, and on the presence of other impurity atoms in the host lattice (I). For nuclear-reaction recoil implantations, where the hyperfine interactions are usually measured within picoseconds to milliseconds after implantation, thermal equilibrium of the sur- rounding distorted lattice may not be reached before the measurements are performed. However, in the case of isotope-separator implantations, where the measure- ment takes place hours or days after the implantation,

Characteristic radiative decay lifetimes and symmetry distribution in KCl:Sm 2+

Sm 2+ ions enter the KCl lattice in a distribution of site symmetries each of which is prescribed by the nature and relative position of the compensation defect. This site distribution is manifested in a corresponding distribution in characteristic radiative decay lifetimes measured from 4.2°K narrow line fluorescence transitions originating from the 5D 0 level in several symmetry types of Sm 2+.

Roost Sites and Flight Patterns of Canada Geese in Winter

Observation of a large wintering flock of Canada geese (Branta canadensis interior) revealed the existence of relatively exclusive subflocks which consistently utilized specific areas for roosting and maintained recognizable patterns of flight direction. Roost and feed-field locations of radio-marked geese showed that consistent patterns were a result of habitual use of areas by families whereas single geese were more variable. Habitual patterns are apparently motivated by fear of unfamiliar situations and function to enable family members to reunite after separation occurs, to aid efficient use of food, and to minimize the amount and intensity of aggressive conflicts within a flock. Roost and flight pat- terns of singles varied because of their following nature and submissive rank position within the flock. It is suggested that some subflocks represent a continued association of geese from the same local nest- ing area rather than just local stratification after migration. Subflock formation in some cases could af- fect local (or even total) harvest and interpretation of banding and other sampling data in the study of goose populations.

Microchemistry: An appraisal

The early history of microchemistry supports the view that this branch of chemistry has now reached the half-century mark. It is now fully established as a scientific field, and it is of interest to review its nature, origins and present position, and to glance briefly at its probable future development.