Nature Of Restrictions Research Articles

Improved binary quantum-based Elk Herd optimizer for optimal location and sizing of hybrid system in micro grid with electric vehicle charging station

In recent times, there has been increasing interest in renewable power generation and electric vehicles within the domain of smart grids. The integration of electric vehicles with hybrid systems presents several critical challenges, including increased power loss, power quality issues, and voltage deviations. To tackle these challenges, researchers have proposed various techniques. Effective management of energy systems is essential for maximizing the benefits of integrating a hybrid system with a microgrid at an electric vehicle charging station. This research specifically aims to optimize the location and sizing of such a hybrid system within the microgrid. Additionally, an improved binary quantum-based Elk Herd optimizer approach is proposed. This approach addresses for optimally managing renewable energy sources and load uncertainty. The proposed system also considers the stochastic nature of electric vehicles and operational restrictions, encompassing diverse charging control modes. The proposed technique performance is implemented in MATLAB platform and compared against existing approaches. The analysis demonstrates the effectiveness in achieving optimal location and sizing for a hybrid system with an electric vehicle charging station. Additionally, the proposed approach contributes to minimizing power loss, electricity costs, and average waiting time. Furthermore, the proposed approach reduces computing time, net present cost, and emissions are 12.5 s, 1.1×106 dollar, 2.21×108 g year−1, respectively.

К вопросу о видах ограничений для публичных служащих Российской Федерации

The paper attempts to classify the restrictions stipulated for the public servants in the Russia Federation. The restrictions on the federal civil service, on military service, on other types of civil, on municipal service are analyzed. While the present legislation provides a ramified system of restrictions for public servants, the author offers various criteria to divide these restrictions into several groups. The research of restrictions for public servants in the context of their diversity enables to define the restrictions properties, their regular relationship with the specifics of some kinds of public service and demonstrates their important place in the legal status structure of the public servants together with its basic elements, like rights and duties. It should be noted that the restriction classification will contribute to a system approach for exploring imperative principles of the public service. The paper makes a conclusion about a predominantly administrative (public law) nature of both restrictions and legal status of the public servants in general and about an intrinsic unity of this status independently on the type of a public service.

On the improvement of emergency legislation regulating the protection of the state from external aggression

This paper examines the issues of improving emergency legislation regulating the protection of the state from external aggression. Issues of ensuring the security of the state in modern conditions are becoming particularly relevant due to the increasing threats from third states. This circumstance necessitates the existence of an integrated system of norms governing the concept, types, and content of relevant administrative and legal regimes, as well as the grounds and procedure for their introduction, the nature and scope of restrictions established to ensure them, procedures and limits for the application of protective measures and the grounds for termination of such emergency regimes. The article analyzes the concept of “special military operation” and its relation to related terms. The author pays special attention to the systematization of the imposed restrictions depending on the response mode (level). Special attention is paid to administrative responsibility for violation of the established restrictions in accordance with the accepted level of response. Conclusions on the improvement of legislation are formulated.

선거운동에 관한 국회 입법의 평가와 과제

The freedom of election campaigning serves as a means for free elections, represents the freedom of political expression, and signifies the realization of the right to participate in politics. In this paper, amid the inauguration of the 22nd National Assembly, we evaluate the amendments to the “Public Official Election Act” by the 21st National Assembly, focusing on election campaigning, and propose legislative tasks for the 22nd National Assembly. The evaluation is based on the decisions of the Constitutional Court during the term of the 21st National Assembly, which ruled on multiple occasions that certain regulations related to election campaigning in the “Public Official Election Act” were unconstitutional or incompatible with the constitution. The content of the amended “Public Official Election Act” by the 21st National Assembly was analyzed based on these decisions. The decisions of the Constitutional Court appear to clarify the intended constitutional significance of the freedom of election campaigning, aiming to grant a broader scope of freedom to the citizens. Despite this intent expressed by the Constitutional Court, the “Public Official Election Act” revised by the 21st National Assembly does not properly reflect the spirit of the Court's decisions. The 22nd National Assembly has a duty to pay more attention and properly amend the “Public Official Election Act.” Evaluating the amendments related to election campaigning in the “Public Official Election Act” by the 21st National Assembly, despite the Constitutional Court's decisions specifying legislative deadlines to address unconstitutional discrepancies in regulations such as campaign restrictions using armbands and installation bans, the passed deadlines led to a one-month legislative gap. The regulations on installation bans and the distribution and posting of documents and paintings through illegal methods were only minimally revised by shortening the restriction periods, failing to eliminate the unconstitutional nature of broad and extensive restrictions as pointed out by the Constitutional Court. The limits on various gatherings were only slightly adjusted by introducing personnel restrictions, not reflecting the decisions' intent at all. Thus, the 22nd National Assembly should initially amend the “Public Official Election Act” in detail, in line with the decisions of the Constitutional Court. More fundamentally, considering the constitutional significance of election campaigning, it is necessary to redefine the need for and standards of regulation, significantly expand the freedom of election campaigning on the principle of 'permissive by default, restrictive by exception,' and boldly eliminate unnecessary regulations. Additionally, the “Public's Elections Act” should clarify the contents that the general public needs to know and adopt as norms for their actions, consider transitioning from limiting the election campaign period to regulating election campaign costs, and also critically review and adjust any conflicting or contradictory legal interpretations, as well as consider simplifying the legal structure through the categorical classification of the “Public Official Election Act.”

From pandemic crisis to recovery and resilience: lessons from COVID-19 at a large urban research university

ABSTRACT The abrupt onset of the COVID-19 pandemic forced a dramatic shift in higher education. Over time, the prolonged and cyclical nature of public-health restrictions conditioned students, faculty, and staff to adopt a crisis mindset as their baseline. Moving from crisis to recovery therefore posed unique obstacles at both individual (e.g. anxiety, exhaustion, and post-traumatic stress) and organizational levels (e.g. transition logistics, labor market changes, and student preparation). Using case study methodology, this paper describes an effort to directly address the evolution from pandemic crisis to recovery and future resilience at large, urban, research-intensive university spanning three campuses. Consultation meetings in the form of individual interviews and focus groups with 301 academic leaders, staff leaders, and student leaders across the institution raised critical insights into the process of adapting to change in an institution of higher learning. The analysis of discoveries and resulting actions clustered into four themes: fatigue, loss, and pride in the aftermath of crisis; moving forward (including recognizing efforts and challenges to integration); innovation out of adversity caused by COVID-19; and future-proofing by seizing opportunities for creating resilience. Despite the chaos that crises may introduce, this case study illustrates how they carry unique opportunities for growth. As the future will continue to present all manner of challenges, the willingness and ability to adapt will define future outcomes for higher education.

Experiences of menstrual restrictions: Freedom lost and never regained

Among numerous issues that make experiences during menstruation an impediment to gender equity, restrictions on daily activities is a concern about limiting individual freedom. Studies of menstrual restrictions have identified the arrays of “dos-and-don'ts”, but what remained missing was a detailed exploration into its origin, nature, correlates and the reasons behind their uncanny consistency over time. This paper, using primary survey of 1200 married young adults in two eastern states in India, adds to the existing literature by identifying the nature of restrictions, the changes in its contour with marriage and their internalization. Classifying restrictions in three broad categories, (restrictions on self, restrictions over household activities and restrictions over worship), the paper finds that nearly all woman are barred from performing rituals. While marriage increases the restrictions on women's agency to eat, go out, sleep in usual home or have sexual activities, it reduces the restrictions on household chores (cooking, serving). Strikingly, restrictions on herself do not alter with education or menstrual literacy. However, fitting logistic regression models over subsamples of hygienic menstrual product-users, finds restrictions are higher for backward classes and those who incorrectly define menstruation. Astonishingly, women do not find menstrual restrictions to be subduing and is reluctant in aspiring for changing community's perception, letting this thrive through generations. They only aspire for better menstrual products. This study shows that a holistic policy should target ‘changing perceptions’ rather than ‘changing protections’, to usher in a menstrual experience with freedom. Educating girls and their elderly care-givers (mothers, grandmothers or mothers-in-law) about this physiological process, giving them a space to discuss and fight the concept of impurity of their bodies can actually gift them a better living experience for sure.

Addressing challenges to recovery and building future resilience in the wake of COVID-19

While organisational crisis theory posits a predictable set of stages involving pre-planning and preparation, acute crisis response, adaptation and recovery, the prolonged and cyclical nature of public-health restrictions related to COVID-19 presented new challenges for institutions of higher education and conditioned students, faculty and staff to adopt a crisis mindset as their baseline. Consequently, moving from crisis to recovery posed unique obstacles at both individual (eg anxiety, exhaustion and post-traumatic stress) and organisational levels (eg transition logistics, labour market changes and student preparation). This paper describes an effort at a large, urban, research-intensive university to directly address the evolution from pandemic crisis to recovery and future resilience. The University Resilience Project recruited a team of senior staff charged with identifying and adopting promising practices created during the pandemic and decommissioning or archiving less useful policies, procedures and activities, with a view to strengthening the university’s resilience. Over the course of more than 300 meetings with academic leaders, staff leaders and student leaders, team members created a space to share the experiences of COVID-19, reflect on successes and challenges over the crisis, and identify opportunities to enhance the resilience of the university. This work raised critical insights into the process of adapting to change in an institution of higher learning.

Seesaw Precarity: Journaling Anxious Hope on a Chinese University Campus During Covid-19.

In this article, we examine the Covid-19 experiences of a group of Chinese university students studying in the city of Guangzhou. We draw on journal entries that Chinese students submitted to the Pandemic Journaling Project between March and May 2022, along with follow-up responses in July and December 2022, to argue that these students spent most of their undergraduate years living in a state of "seesaw precarity." We define seesaw precarity as a protracted period during which many Chinese were unable to predict from one day to the next whether they would be free to engage in the quotidian activities of everyday life. We trace student reactions and adaptations as they struggled to attend class, buy food, and see friends and family in the midst of unpredictable swings between openness and closedness. The seesaw nature of restrictions spurred considerable anxiety among the students we followed, but also produced an optimistic mindset we refer to as "anxious hope." Participants accepted the necessity of Covid controls and felt it was incumbent upon them as individuals to adjust to this reality. They saw themselves as responsible for actively cultivating a positive mindset. Our findings suggest that the promotion of emotional self-care and anxious hope during the pandemic may have supported the viability of long-term controls as well as the acceptability of their sudden abandonment, while muting the possibility of resistance.

Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR) of Hydroxychloroquine(HCQ) in the -Preexposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) of COVID-19 in Health Care Professionals in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital

In December 2019 an outbreak of emerging COVID-19 due to the SARS CoV-2 infection started in Wuhan, China and rapidly spread throughout the world. WHO declared COVID-19 as PANDEMIC on 12th March 2020. Various drugs were introduced to treat and prevent this pandemic. Hydroxychloroquine gained widespread attention due to its antiviral action and inhibitory effect. HCQ was preferred which has antiviral effect similar to that of Chloroquine. ICMR and FDA has advocated their use in severe COVID-19 disease. There are uncertain and limited data to support the beneficial effect of this drug. Our study was aimed to investigate the adverse drug reaction of HCQ given prophylactically for COVID-19 to the health care professional. After taking ethical committee approval, a study was conducted among the health care professional from 1st April 2020 to 31st May 2020. The participants were given an online pretested, validated questionnaire to ascertain the adverse effects while taking HCQ. Due to the nature of COVID-19 and restrictions on personal interview and examination, only online symptom questionnaire for adverse effects was given. 183 participants were involved in the study who were working as a health care professional in COVID-19. Out of these 9 participants were excluded based on the exclusion criteria. 73 adverse drug reaction were found in 56 participants. Most common and frequent side effects were headache, nausea, loose stools and dizziness. Almost 22 participants required some painkillers to treat the adverse effects. Data was entered in MS Excel and presented in the form of frequencies and percentages. Almost 32.18% reported adverse effects. So utmost care should be taken before using HCQ prophylactically in health care professionals working in COVID-19. Keywords Adverse Drug Reaction, Preexposure Prophylaxis, COVID 19, Hydroxychloroquine, Health Care Professionals

OGC O09 Fluorescence lymphography using indocyanine green in the prevention of chyle leakage after minimally invasive esophagectomy

Abstract Background For oncological reasons, the thoracic duct is resected during esophagectomy for cancer. Its anatomy and vulnerability render it prone to injury and mainly side branches and collaterals are often hard to visualize. Chyle leakage is one of the most challenging complications in esophagectomy, with an incidence of 14-21%. The clinical implications for patients are prolonged thoracic drainage and hospital admission, additional reinterventions, unpleasant dietary restrictions, and decreased long-term survival. Fluorescence lymphography using indocyanine green (ICG) can accurately visualize the thoracic duct and collaterals, which may possibly reduce the incidence of chyle leakage and intra-operative detected chyle leakage can be treated directly. Methods A prospective observational cohort study will be performed. Patients aged over 18 years with resectable (cT1-4a, N0-3, M0) esophageal carcinoma undergoing a minimally invasive esophagectomy will be included. The primary endpoint of the study is postoperative chyle leakage. Secondary endpoints are overall morbidity and mortality, nature of dietary restrictions, reinterventions, hospital costs, 2 year survival rate and quality of life. Twenty-five milligram of ICG is dissolved in 10 ml of sterile water, obtaining a solution of 2.5 mg ICG per mL. In the McKeown esophagectomy, before the thoracic phase, the surgeon administers a bilateral bolus of 2 mL ultrasound-guided into inguinal lymph nodes. In an Ivor Lewis esophagectomy, 2mL of reconstituted ICG will be injected into the small bowel mesenteric root just under the peritoneum of the mesentery, at the level where the jejunostomy is placed. Additionally, 50 mL of cream is enterally administered through the just established feeding jejunostomy. Subsequently, the operating area is inspected for chyle leakage with fluorescence lymphography after thoracic duct ligation and just before terminating the procedure. Results We aim to include 50 patients to assess the feasibility of fluorescent lymphography using ICG and enteral cream to prevent chyle leakage after minimally esophagectomy. Inclusion is ongoing. At this time 39 of 50 patients are included. Results will be expected before the congress. Conclusions It is hypothesized that as a result of this technique the patients will benefit from lower incidence of postoperative chyle leakage, shorter thoracic drainage, reduced hospital admission, reduced dietary restriction, less re-interventions, and improved overall survival.

Character contradiction: The exclusionary nature of preservationist planning restrictions

Preservationist planning broadly describes planning instruments that purport to preserve physical qualities of neighbourhoods by preventing demolition of historic dwellings. Here, we analyse land use conversion of almost 6000 lots in Brisbane, Australia, to understand if, and how, preservationist planning impacts the built environment. Results demonstrate that preservationist planning suppresses multi-family housing construction, even where increased density is encouraged by the planning scheme. We suggest that preservationist planning is exclusionary in nature and not solely focused on built heritage, particularly as substantial modifications to existing dwellings are allowed. These findings run counter to the purported aim of built heritage protection and suggest that the preservationist planning framework should be revised.

322. FLUORESCENCE LYMPHOGRAPHY USING INDOCYANINE GREEN IN THE PREVENTION OF CHYLE LEAKAGE AFTER MINIMALLY INVASIVE ESOPHAGECTOMY

Abstract Background Chyle leakage is one of the most challenging complications in esophagectomy, with an incidence of 14–21%. The clinical implications for patients are prolonged thoracic drainage and hospital admission, additional reinterventions, unpleasant dietary restrictions, and decreased long-term survival. The anatomy and vulnerability of the thoracic duct render it prone to injury, and mainly side branches and collaterals are often hard to visualize. Fluorescence lymphography using indocyanine green (ICG) can accurately visualize the thoracic duct, which may possibly reduce the incidence of chyle leakage and intra-operative detected chyle leakage can be treated directly. Methods A prospective observational cohort study is performed. Patients aged over 18 years with resectable (cT1-4a, N0–3, M0) esophageal carcinoma undergoing a minimally invasive esophagectomy are included. The primary endpoint of the study is postoperative chyle leakage. Secondary endpoints are overall morbidity and mortality, nature of dietary restrictions, reinterventions, hospital costs, 2 year survival rate and quality of life. Twenty-five milligram of ICG is dissolved in 10 mL of sterile water, obtaining a solution of 2.5 mg ICG per mL. In the McKeown esophagectomy, before the thoracic phase, the surgeon administers a bilateral bolus of 2 mL ultrasound-guided into inguinal lymph nodes. In an Ivor Lewis esophagectomy, 2 mL of reconstituted ICG will be injected into the small bowel mesenteric root just under the peritoneum of the mesentery, at the level where the jejunostomy is placed. Additionally, 50 mL of cream is enterally administered through the just established feeding jejunostomy. Subsequently, the operating area is inspected for chyle leakage with fluorescence lymphography after thoracic duct ligation and just before terminating the procedure. Results We aim to include 50 patients to assess the feasibility of fluorescent lymphography using ICG and enteral cream to prevent chyle leakage after minimally esophagectomy. Inclusion is ongoing, at this time, 31 of 50 patients are included. Results will be expected before the congress. Conclusion It is hypothesized that as a result of this technique the patients will benefit from lower incidence of postoperative chyle leakage, shorter thoracic drainage, reduced hospital admission, reduced dietary restriction, less re-interventions, and improved overall survival.

"We Should Be Working Together, and It Felt like They Disrupted That": Pregnant Women and Partners' Experiences of Maternity Care in the First UK COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown.

Pregnant women were identified as being at elevated risk from COVID-19 early in the pandemic. Certain restrictions were placed upon birth partners accompanying their pregnant partner to in-person maternity consultations and for in-patient maternity care. In the absence of a central directive in England, the nature of restrictions varied across maternity services. Eleven participants (seven pregnant women and four partners), who were expectant parents during the first UK COVID-19 pandemic lockdown, took part in serial interviews in pregnancy and the postnatal period. Data were subject to a reflexive thematic analysis. Four main themes were identified, with sub-themes: uncertainty and anxiety (uncertainty and anxiety about COVID-19, uncertainty and anxiety about maternity services); disruption of partnering and parenting role; complexity around entering hospital spaces (hospitals offering protection while posing threat, individual health professionals in inflexible systems); and attempting to feel in control. Separating couples may result in disruption to their anticipated roles and significant distress to both partners, with potential impacts for mental health and future family relationships. Trauma-informed perspectives are relevant for understanding parents' experiences of maternity care in the pandemic and identifying ways to improve care to promote and protect the mental health of all parents.

Accounting Approach to Corporate Social Responsibility

The worldwide recognized the idea of the need to inform the public about the measures taken by the company in environmental conservation and social activities. The business community is increasingly involved in the activity of presenting non-financial reporting. However, it rarely inspires confidence in a reasonable user because of the generalization’s opacity and the arbitrary principle of presentation. At the same time, one of them is the least researched — reporting on corporate social responsibility (CSR). The study’s goal is to consider the accounting possibility and evaluating CSR for non-financial types of reporting of organizations in the reliability’s context of the information disclosed, public needs, methods of formation and stakeholders. The work used general scientific methods of cognition: a systematic approach, logical generalization, linguistic analysis and hypotheses. The author showed it was CSR reporting that had exposed to a significant risk of manipulation, containing a variety of incomparable information that depended on the industry, nature of business, regulatory restrictions, market position and other circumstances. Many recognize the need for participation in preparing such reporting accounting technology. The accounting community is not optimistic about the attempt by the IASB to create standards for non-financial reporting using financial instruments that just investors are interested in. If stakeholders have a genuine interest in disclosing non-financial information in reporting, it is necessary to create really proper accounting systems. That would allow for generalizing the data about CSR. The main conclusion is directed to the existing need for the state policy development in this area and public administration systematically.

Identity-based social support predicts mental and physical health outcomes during COVID-19.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the United Kingdom implemented physical distancing measures to minimize viral transmission, which may have adversely impacted health and wellbeing. Evidence suggests that social support may be key to mitigating against adverse health impacts of such measures, particularly when such social support is identity-based. In this longitudinal study, we examined the role of social identity and perceived social support in mental and physical health outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants completed a survey at 4 time points during the first year of the pandemic: May/June 2020 (T1; N=443); September/October 2020 (T2; N=235); December 2020/January 2021 (T3; N=243); and April 2021 (T4; N=206). Results showed that at each time point, social support was predicted by identification with multiple groups before COVID-19, identity continuity, and identification with communities. Higher identity continuity and identification with communities both predicted greater mental and physical health at the same time point, mediated by perceived social support. Interestingly, higher identity continuity and identification with communities predicted higher social support at the same time point, which in turn predicted worse mental and physical health outcomes at the subsequent time point. Findings are discussed in relation to the context of the first year of the pandemic and the changing nature of societal restrictions across the four survey time points.

Voluntary Firearm Divestment and Suicide Risk: Real-World Importance in the Absence of Causal Identification.

Voluntary Firearm Divestment and Suicide Risk: Real-World Importance in the Absence of Causal Identification.

RESTRICTIONS ON HUMAN RIGHTS DUE TO THE COVID-19 OUTBREAK

The need to take measures to prevent the rapid spread of Covid-19 has led to the need for restrictive measures. Such trends require proper scientific and legal analysis, rethinking existing approaches to realizing rights. At the same time, the legal nature and essence of such restrictions should be clarified. This is due to the nature of the Covid-19 pandemic, and such restrictions have a positive effect on curbing the spread of the viral disease. Currently, the vector of major human rights violations is related to compulsory vaccination. It is necessary to continue this research and follow the practice of the European Court of Human Rights. The study used general and special scientific methods of scientific research of legal phenomena, namely: comparative law, formal-logical, system-structural, dialectical, and other methods. The dialectical method of cognition allowed to study thoroughly the national civil legislation taking into account the international standards. The public interest in the form of safety, health, and human life determines the establishment of restrictions in connection with the Covid-19 pandemic. Here the goal of the state to ensure the security of the nation and the public interest are closely related. The comparative legal method was used to determine the common and distinctive features. The formal-logical method contributed to establishing the conceptual apparatus and content of current legislation, highlighting the contradictions in current legislation. The system of human rights was studied by system-structural analysis.

Importance of temporality and context in relation to life habit restrictions among patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: A psychosocial qualitative study.

Life habits (LH) encompass an individual's engagement in daily activities such as nutrition, fitness, personal care, communication, housing, and mobility, along with his/her social role (responsibility, interpersonal relationships, community life, education, employment, and recreation). This qualitative study explores the nature and context of LH restrictions in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) individuals across their SLE journey. Narrative interviews were conducted with adult SLE patients. Interview transcripts were subjected to a thematic content analysis, using the Disability Creation Process model as a framework. Forty participants were interviewed. Three major themes were highlighted: (1) Temporality, capabilities, and environmental contexts: although all participants experienced LH restrictions at some point, the expression of these limitations depended on the individual's and SLE disease characteristics as well as on temporal (time of life and lupus course) and environmental (material, social, and societal) contexts. (2) Identity issues, illness stigma, and (fear of) discriminations: LH were discussed through the lens of participants' social roles and identities. While illness stigma can influence social relations, it is also expressed at a societal level. (3) Masking and minimizing strategies: due to illness stigma and fear of discrimination, participants developed strategies to manage their relationships, including masking and minimization. Their use was both advantageous and disadvantageous regarding LH. For individuals with SLE, LH restrictions must be considered as an ongoing process that takes place within specific contexts. Our findings provide many opportunities for interventions that can benefit patients and their families, as well as healthcare providers.

A model to determine at-home restrictions for cats after treatment of hyperthyroidism with radioiodine.

Felinehyperthyroidism is the most common endocrine disease of older cats and radioiodine is considered to be the gold standard treatment. Isolation periods following treatment vary depending on both individual treatment facilities and the relevant legislation of the country; therefore, there is no recognised standardised protocol defining the length of isolation. This work describes how our institution validated that its owner restrictions met dose constraints by using a model of iodine retention to calculate the required duration and nature of owner restrictions. The retained radioactivity of cats at the point of discharge was used to simulate the radiation dose to owners in the 90 days following release. The model created was used to calculate the minimum duration of isolation for a range of administered activities and owner restrictions. Using the model, it was found that when injected with the maximum dose used, 222 MBq radioiodine, it was possible to release cats after 14 days of isolation and keep owner doses below 0.30 mSv (whole-body effective dose constraint for a single radiation source) with some restrictions. It was possible to release after 23 days with no restrictions. The present study provides clinicians with a consistent and verified method in which they can calculate the isolation periods for radioiodine-treated cats.

World Without Masks

World Without Masks