Nature Of Kinship Research Articles

Spatial Territoriality Characteristics in a Waterfront Slum Settlement (Case Study: Karabba Village, Makassar)

Humans use territorial behavior to meet their privacy needs while carrying out their activities. The use of spatial in slums, particularly those on the water, is extremely limited, which indirectly influences their behavior of human activities in creating their outdoor spatial as territorial space. Based on field observations, this study aims to analyze the spatial territoriality of slum settlements on the water in terms of form and characteristics, as well as gender activities. The method used is rationalistic research, with the approach being to see the truth not only from empirical data but also from interviews as part of the cognitive construction. The results show that the territorial space formed above the air is strongly influenced by the activities that occur above it, as well as the boundaries of the physical territory that are formed intentionally or unintentionally and are motivated by social and kinship characteristics that emerge as a result of the time of the activities that occur. Women’s activities are still strongly influenced by personal distance and distance from home, as well as the nature of kinship that occurs. Men are more active outside the home because they have little space for social activities, so they carry out their activities on the road. Because of their inquisitive nature, children are looking for a place for wide activity, a shady place, and other places that are not used for activities.

Settlement Of Uncertified Land Disputes Through Customary Law (Research Study at Kampung Berhut Kecamatan Terangun Kabupaten Gayo Lues)

Article 19 paragraph (2) letter c of the UUPA states that certificates have many functions for their owners. The main and foremost function of the certificate is as a strong evidence. However, the problem of uncertified land often occurs in areas so that land disputes occur, one of which is at Kampung Berhut Kecamatan Terangun Kabupaten Gayo Lues. The purpose of this study is to find out and explain the process of resolving land disputes that are not certified through customary law at Kampung Berhut Kecamatan Terangun Kabupaten Gayo Lues, the obstacles faced and the legal consequences of resolving uncertified land disputes through customary law at Kampung Berhut Kecamatan Terangun Kabupaten Gayo Lues. This type of research is empirical juridical with a case approach. Sources of data used are primary data in the form of interviews with respondents and informants. Based on the research results it is known that; The process of resolving land disputes that are not certified through customary law at Kampung Berhut Kecamatan Terangun Kabupaten Gayo Lues, is that the Village Customary Court first asks the disputing parties to submit problems that become conflicts by providing existing evidence. The dispute between the two parties was resolved peacefully and the decision relied more on the nature of kinship and the statements of witnesses as evidence. Constraints faced in resolving uncertified land disputes through customary law are that the disputed land does not have a certificate, it is difficult to obtain accurate data, there is no clear sign as a land area limit, demands without clear evidence of ownership so that when During the deliberation, there was a cross of opinion between the disputing parties. The legal consequences of resolving land disputes that are not certified through customary law are for parties whose land area exceeds the original limit must return the part of land that does not belong to them to the rightful owner, land owners can make sales and purchases to third parties without any obstacles, land that is not clearly the boundaries become clear so that they can register the land to get a certificate and the disputing parties must obey and participate in implementing the decisions of the Village Customary Court from the results of joint deliberation. It is recommended to the Village Customary Court to be able to open the mindset of the disputing parties regarding peace efforts and various legal aspects as well as its scope.

Settlement of Inherited Land Conflicts for Sale Unilaterally

Conflict is a conflict or dispute, a process carried out by people or groups of people to fulfill their goals by opposing the opposing party accompanied by threats and violence. The problem of land disputes between inheritance is currently a scourge because it is thought that the inheritance can provide welfare for those who receive the inheritance. The existing and applicable inheritance law in Indonesia is still not a legal unification. The form and system of inheritance law is closely related to the form of society and the nature of kinship. The research method used is a normative juridical approach, namely a legal research that uses secondary legal sources, carried out by emphasizing and adhering to the juridical aspects. Nature of Inheritance Law The existing and applicable inheritance law in Indonesia is still not a legal unification. The form and system of inheritance law is closely related to the form of society and the nature of kinship. Meanwhile, the family system in Indonesian society is based on the system of drawing a lineage, which is basically known to have three types of hereditary systems.

Benefit Approach in Tax Collection for the State Welfare: A Comparative Analysis

Purpose: This study seeks to explore scientific fundamentals in tax collection. This approach is based on philosophical aspects which justify the state to collect taxes as collections that can be forced in the sense of having legal authority. Approach/Methodology/Design: The benefit approach in withdrawing taxation is the philosophical basis for tax collection in Indonesia based on the benefit approach. Findings: The benefit approach is based on the philosophy that the state creates benefits which can be enjoyed by all citizens who reside in the state. In Indonesia the taxation is based on Pancasila containing the nature of kinship and cooperation. Mutual cooperation is such a joint venture carried out without being rewarded aimed at the public interest. Based on Pancasila, tax collection can be justified because the tax payment is intended for the interests and the welfare of the people. Practical Implications: This benefit approach bases a philosophy that because the state creates benefits that can be enjoyed by all citizens who live in the country, the state has the authority to collect taxes from the people even in a forced way. Originality/value: This study conceptually combines taxation theories and their functions in state finance in a theoretical context of the benefit approach on the basis of kinship and mutualism inherent in Pancasila as justification for the use of taxes for the greatest prosperity of the people.

Time, Kinship, and the Nation

There remains both a great deal of confusion over the nature of kinship and an inappropriate resistance to understanding the nation as one form of kinship, specifically, territorial kinship. Although one finds the relatively early and occasional analysis of the nation in terms of kinship, for example, by Lloyd Fallers, anthropologists, including paradoxically Ernest Gellner, have avoided understanding nationality in this way. Despite Anthony Smith’s attention to ethnie, those associated with nationalism studies have also generally avoided analyzing the nation in terms of kinship, as can be seen by the ill-informed hostility to the category “primoridal”. This article rectifies this mistake by re-examining the category of kinship, along both its vertical, temporal axis and horizontal, geographical axis, with attention to nationality in general and, in particular, in antiquity.

Divergences and crossovers: Response to Robert Wilson’s ‘Thinking about relations’

Robert Wilson’s ‘Thinking about Relations’ pays welcome attention to the metaphysical demands of social science. At the same time, this response raises further issues concerning the concept of objectivity, assumptions about the nature of kinship and arguments over non-reductive explanation. It places particular emphasis on the (culturally) mediating role of description; that relations are axiomatically conceived as ‘between’ entities is offered as a case in point.

Mobile telephony, mediation, and gender in rural India

This article aims to develop the understanding of new media and social change by examining how mobile phones mediate kinship and gender in rural India. I provide a nuanced picture of the contested nature of kinship and gender in the village based on long-term fieldwork in order to explore how mobile phones mediate relationships and ongoing processes of social change. The article illustrates how the physical qualities of phones help strengthen the multiplicity of discourses by mediating relationships and contributing to the multiplicity of speech contexts. Mobile phone use has been encouraged and motivated by kinship relationships and the use of mobile phones has, in turn, transformed these relationships by helping to create new contexts for speech and action. However, instead of the drastic improvements or changes, for instance in economic power relationships, the positive impacts of women's phone use appear subtle and ambiguous: most calls are about the slight redefinition of the home boundaries.

Contesting Marshall Sahlins on Kinship

In a recent two-part article on the nature of kinship, Marshall Sahlins maintains that performative criteria for kin-reckoning are at least as salient as procreative ones, and that, at conception, an individual is endowed with a wide circle of kin, including the ancestral dead. For both reasons, he argues, there is no warrant for granting privileged status to what anthropologists have called ‘primary’ kinship. The contentions here are that performative criteria are modeled upon procreative ones; that ties to ancestral figures are seen as antithetical to procreative ties; and that, therefore, all kinship constructs are derived from nuclear family relationships. Evidence in support of these contentions is provided from the Mae Enga, Fiji, the Trobriands, and Aboriginal Australia.

Too Kindred by Half: Half-Siblings in Elite Families of the Mid- and Late Roman Republic

My essay examines some ancient evidence for the treatment of half-siblings, and for interactions among half-siblings, in several elite families of the mid- to late Roman Republic. I observe that our ancient Greek and Roman sources on these families at times acknowledge half-sibling relationships, and occasionally testify that parents treated their offspring from different marriages differently. But I argue that these sources make, and that elite Roman families of this era ultimately made, little distinction between half-siblings and fullsiblings. I will focus on several selected families from the second and first centuries bce, whose interpersonal interactions attract notice from a variety of ancient Greek and Roman writers. My concluding discussion will consider the limitations and strengths of this, selective and anecdotal, body of evidence, most of it much later than the events it purports to describe: for investigating halfsiblings in elite republican Roman families, as well as for illuminating “the ancient Roman family” itself. I will ponder, too, how this evidence problematizes scholarly efforts to view the ancient Roman family as typifying a larger, trans-historical Mediterranean pattern. Finally, I will reflect on how and why elite Republican Roman familial dynamics involving the treatment of half-siblings complicate our understanding of elite Roman kinship, and underscore the socially contingent nature of kinship generally.

Food in Traumatic Times: Women, Foodways and ‘Polishness’ During a Wartime ‘Odyssey’

In this article I explore the pivotal role of food in holding together, projecting and re-imagining a lost world and identity in the context of extreme trauma and dislocation. I do this through the story of seven women deported by the Soviet Union from the eastern borderlands of Poland in 1940, who experienced an ‘odyssey’ through Russia, the Middle East, and Africa which ended in London in the late 1940s. I explore how for them, their success in approximating ‘proper’ food in this context acted as a kind of barometer indicating their success in maintaining identity, social life and kinship. In this traumatic context the connection between the way in which food is prepared and consumed and the maintenance of social and kin structure comes through very clearly, including in particular the role of bread as the central food symbolising ‘proper’ life. The nature of kinship as not only centred on the family which eats ‘proper meals’ together but as something ‘nested’ and culminating symbolically in the imagined community of the Polish nation is demonstrated in the consumption of food in larger-scale contexts, in army and refugee camps and in other communal contexts during the war and afterwards in the UK. I explore how snack foods, on the other hand, served to generate ‘identity extensions’ through eating new foods with people outside the Polish community. Finally, I explore the way in which food reflects the sometimes uneasy sense of identity experienced by younger deportees and second generation Poles in the UK, including the creation of new kinds of identity which are both founded in and expressed through new, hybrid ways of eating.

Extensionism and the nature of kinship

Extensionism and the nature of kinship

Social Network Types and Subjective Well-being in Chinese Older Adults

The study examined social network types in a sample of 1,005 older Chinese adults in Hong Kong and the networks' relations to subjective well-being. Given the nature of kinship in Chinese society, we broke down social support provision by closeness of blood ties (immediate kin, distant kin, and non-kin). Using K-means cluster analysis, we identified 5 network types: diverse, friend focused, restricted, family focused, and distant family. The latter was characterized by few immediate kin but mostly distant kin. Diverse and family-focused networks were most beneficial to well-being, whereas restricted networks were least. Distant family networks were associated with only marginally lower well-being than family-focused networks and were comparable to friend-focused networks. Results suggested the importance of the extended family in support provision for Chinese older adults, especially in the absence of immediate kin and friends. Implications of the present findings for other cultural groups are discussed.

Negotiating Gender and Disability in Rural Haryana

This paper argues that disability is gendered, culturally constituted and socially negotiated. It explores the nature and form of disability afflicting the individual and social life of women in rural Haryana, in terms of both physical and mental parameters. It describes the community and the family strategies for supporting disabled women in negotiating family, work, economy and society. It also highlights the social effects of physical disability on various stages of their life cycle. Disability remains an obstruction in attaining the full potential of an individual. Each community has its characteristic way of understanding disability and coping with its disabled population. Disability locates the individual in a compromised position not only for biological reasons, but also as a consequence of a complex combination of such non-biological factors as gender, caste, class, neighbourhood relations, and the nature of kinship and family structure. This paper explores the conceptual and empirical implications of the proposition that ‘disability is culturally constructed and socially negotiated’. If disability creates obstacles for individuals in discharging their social responsibilities, th ere are inbuilt cultural mechanisms and social networks available to them as coping strategies within the family, kinship, caste and community. Voluntary agencies and the state machinery, through various empowerment initiatives, are making consistent efforts to minimi se, if not eliminate, the social hindrances and constraints that result from physical disability. 1 Since a large number of the disabled lives in rural areas, the absence of accurate information on the magnitude of the problem has hampered planning of realistic policies and services for them. In urban areas, the disabled are recognised as a social category for their special needs. There are attempts to integrate them into the social mainstream through institutions like special schools and training centres. The situation is different in rural areas. Here the disabled do not constitute a socially recognised group; they often continue to function as normal members of society. In order to understand disability in a rural area, it is necessary to re cognise its social organisation of production, cultural values and the structure of gender relations.

The Current Controversy in Kinship

Two major positions have emerged in the debate about the nature of kin- ship. One argues that kinship can only be analysed from the framework of the bio- logical necessities of human reproduction. The other argues that this position is nothing more than ethnocentric view of kinship derived from European culture and that only a broader cultural approach can provide a meaningful analysis of kinship. In this approach it is necessary to analyse kinship around the world from a perspec- tive derived from within each different culture. Recent developments have pointed out the inadequacies of both of these positions and call for a new approach to kin- ship. This article suggests one possible approach that goes beyond the debate be- tween biology and culture. It based upon the complementarity of human social behaviour. Czech Sociological Review, 2001, Vol. 9 (No. 2: 201-210) I would like to begin with a quote from a 1960 article in the journal, Philosophy of Sci- ence, in which Ernest Gellner began a debate about the nature of kinship. Gellner wrote: Suppose an anthropologist observes, in a society he is investigating, a certain kind of recur- ring relationship between pairs of individuals or of groups. (It may be a relationship of au- thority, or a symmetrical one of, say, mutual aid, or of avoidance, or whatnot.) Suppose the autochthonous term for the relationship is blip. The crucial question now is: Under what conditions will the anthropologist's treatment of the blip-relationship fall under the rubric of kinship structure? It will be so subsumed if the anthropologist believes that the blip- relationship overlaps, in a predominant number of cases, with some physical kinship rela- tionship. (Gellner 1960: 187; Italics in original work) That the anthropological study of kinship ultimately rests upon the biological foundation of human reproduction is not a novel idea. Since the modern study of kinship began in the middle of the 19th century there has been an intimate connection between kinship and biological processes. This relationship continues to be expressed today. A number of anthropologists (e.g., Fox, Goodenough, Holy, Scheffler) have agreed with Gellner that the processes of reproduction, birth, and nurturance, in one form or another provide the essential foundation of kinship. Furthermore, the biological processes often are taken to represent human nature and are seen to provide the necessary constant for systematic cross-cultural comparison. Culture, by comparison, is to be considered an epiphenome- non. It is useful for describing particular systems of kinship and describing human behav- ioural variety, but it is dependent upon human nature (defined in biological terms) and cannot serve as the framework for comparison. Comparative analysis is the foundation of science. In kinship, for Gellner, et al., this hinges on biology. On the other side of the debate in the Philosophy of Science were John Barnes and Rodney Needham. They countered Gellner's position by arguing that kinship was primar- ily a matter of culture. It was the interpretation of the processes of reproduction and not

A New Model of Welfare: Re‐asserting the Value of Kinship for Children in State Care

This paper briefly examines current arguments concerning the demise of the traditional family, pointing out that the numbers of lone‐parent families are not historically unparalleled and noting that the current emphasis in the “death of the family” debate on the nuclear rather than the extended family marks a significant shift over recent decades. The nature of kinship is briefly examined in historical context, and kin relationships are seen to be fundamentally different on a number of important dimensions from other social relationships. The erosion of kinship as the consequence of the increasing state regulation of family life and the lack of importance it is now generally accorded in modern child welfare systems is considered and the reasons for this are discussed. Finally the article turns to the changes that would be required were kinship decision‐making once more accorded a key place in planning for the care of children deemed to be in need of care and protection and the potential, as a model for practice, of the family group conference is considered.

The Nuer Incest Prohibition and the Nature of Kinship: Alterlogical Reckoning

As blood relationship, if kinship is not something to take for granted, then what is? It is a cipher of our and therefore itself utterly real. In the ethnographic encounter this is sorely shaken. Kinship is brought into question so radically that the critical issue becomes not that of isolating and identifying different of kinship, but that of determining forms of what?. In other words, the study of kinship can throw us into the anthropologically pregnant state of not knowing what we are talking about. I surmise that anthropology's abiding analytical interest in the nature of kinship is rooted in-and in good part amounts to an effort to explain away-this radical question of the reality of kinship. Needless to say, answers abound. Anthropologists have construed kinship as an institution of social structure, a genealogical order, a mode of classification, a substantive code, a linguistic domain, an ideology, an ethnobiology, etc. Although each of these answers has borne fruit, I would argue that at bottom kinship is none of the above. Given the space, it could be shown that these (textbook) responses to the question of the nature of kinship reduce kinship either to some sort of material reality, as in the genealogical account of it as a bio-genetic order (cf. Schneider 1972), or to a semiotic or semantic phenomenon, as in the case of the ideological account. Either way, the answers remain locked into an epistemologically prescinding dualism, namely, that between empiricism and intellectualism.

The nature of nurture

The problem of what is to be included in “the nature of kinship” is examined by focusing on kinship and friendship in Truk District, Caroline Islands, Micronesia. A cultural model of “intensive interpersonal relationships” is presented showing how natural kinship, created kinship, and friendship conceptually interlock for Trukese. It is concluded that the essence of kinship as a general cross‐cultural construct is sharing and that cross‐cultural studies of kinship must focus on the variety of symbolic actions that stand for kinship in different cultural settings.

The Character of Kinship.

Part I. Kinship and Descent: 1. Descent and marriage reconsidered Fredrik Barth 2. Kinship, descent and locality: some New Guinea examples Andrew Strathern 3. Descent in New Guinea: an Africanist view Jean La Fontaine 4. Complementary filiation and bilateral kinship Edmund Leach Part II. The Nature of Kinship: 5. Genetrix: genitor: nature: culture? J. A. Barnes 6. The long term and the short term: the economic and political significance of the morality of kinship Maurice Bloch 7. The kith and the kin Julian Pitt-Rivers Part III. The Nature of the Family: 8. Kinship, attachment behaviour and the primary bond Derek Freeman 9. The matrifocal family Raymond T. Smith 10. Furies, witches and mothers Grace Harris Part IV. Marriage and Affinal Roles: 11. Some aspects of levirate R. G. Abrahams 12. Polygyny, economy and the role of women Jack Goody 13. From varna to caste through mixed unions S. J. Tambiah Notes Bibliography of the writings of Meyer Fortes J. A . Barnes References Index.