Nature Of Innovation Research Articles

COMPLIANCE WITH ACADEMIC ETHICS IN RESEARCH ACTIVITIES OF FUTURE HIGHLY QUALIFIED SPECIALISTS AT THE UNIVERSITY

In the article on the materials of professional training of highly qualified specialists – masters of specialties 017 Physical culture and sport and 014.11 Secondary education (Physical culture), a study of aspects of compliance with academic ethics by students of higher education in the process of research activities at the university was carried out. The need for the formation of scientific research competence of specialists at the master's level of training based on the ideas of combining and integrating the content of scientific and professional activities for conducting research at the objective subject level and working out the technologies of experimental work in the chosen specialty has been updated.
 The purpose of the research was to analyze the specific scientific, methodical, and normative sources of professional training of future highly qualified specialists majoring in specialties 014.11 Secondary Education (Physical Culture) and 017 Physical Culture and Sports of the second (master’s) level, identifying the types of scientific and research activities, substantiating the importance of compliance by applicants of higher education, the principles of academic integrity and the formation of recommendations for the development of scientific and research competence of masters of selected specialties.
 The concept of «scientific-research competence of physical culture specialists» is clarified as an integral characteristic of the individual, which is displayed in the conscious readiness to develop and implement scientific and applied projects aimed at solving problems of an innovative nature, determined by components (axiological, cognitive, activity, professional-reflexive) and the ability to make the transition from procedural to creative activity with a desire for self-development and self-improvement. This provision is confirmed by the documents on the organization of scientific and technical activities at Poltava V. G. Korolenko National Pedagogical University, and the corresponding Code of Academic Integrity. Examples of the analysis of master’s qualification studies using the Unichek anti-plagiarism platform are given, taking into account the need to establish 4 levels of the uniqueness of works – high, sufficient, medium, and low. As part of the educational component of master’s training «Methodology and organization of scientific research», a number of recommendations for conducting lectures and practical classes are offered.

Assessment of legal solutions to facilitate work-life balance in the public services sector

The aim of this study is to present chosen aspects of assessing legal solutions facilitating reconciliation of work and private life for employees of the public services sector, based on empirical research conducted in five European countries. The research purpose was to indicate the role of labour law regulations in shaping the work-life balance and to determine the ways of their implementation, their usefulness and the needs that emerge in the changing socio-economic reality, as evidenced by the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. The need to isolate people quickly popularised remote (online) work and the possibility of staying at home, which possibly had a positive impact on private matters. However, the general situation is different. Hence, the hypothesis was adopted that despite the variety of solutions, they are insufficiently used in the public services sector. Although there are noticeable facilitations in combining professional and family duties, they still have too little impact on the attractiveness of work and are not of an innovative nature. The specificity of the public services sector makes it difficult to freely choose solutions that increase the flexibility of employment and thus the activity of working parents, especially women on the labour market.

Stage Speech Training in Producing English Plays in Ukraine

The purpose of the article. The article is devoted to the study of stage speech, in the professional field of acting that has to correspond to the innovative nature of science in the XXI century. The ways of creating new communicative means of applying stage speech trainings on the basis of Internet resources, audio and video materials, original scripts and their translations, namely Simon Stephens’s play after Mark Haddon’s novel The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-Time, are observed and analysed. The research methodology is based on the application of chronological method to research different stages of stage speech training, comparative method to conduct the comparative analysis, typological method to reveal the factors and determine the features of this process, as well as theoretical method to draw conclusions and develop further recommendations. Scientific novelty. The theoretical background and practical examining of the original theatrical literature is considered the main source of the latest information of a special nature. Conclusions. Problems of stage speech technique in modern acting in general, including Ukraine, need further consideration, understanding, and thorough research. The conditions for the functioning of language in the theatre are to be relevant to the requirements of stage practice that it is worth talking about a kind of separate stage style of speech. Actors use their voice to project external emotions, combining it with body movements to interpret the text and to present the story. Therefore, the voice cannot be seen as an isolated skill, but as a skill that requires coordination of the whole body. The Artistic director of the Lesya Ukrayinka theatre M. Reznikovych and K. Kashlikov, Director of the play, say that it is a great responsibility, and, most importantly, the opportunity to find the equivalent that could interest the Ukrainian audience. It seems that getting acquainted, as well as the use of exercises in the language of the original, can bring actors closer to understanding the author's idea, and the director to bring the atmosphere of the original and to adapt the original to the Ukrainian audience. The given examples of complexity of translation testify that actors are faced a multitasking work of reproduction of the idea on the scene. Each character represents the character in the stage language for more than two hours on a scene. Without stage speech training, this is almost impossible. Some of the best exercises for stage speech training were presented. Key words: stage speech trainings, voice, body, breathing, diction, rhythm, youth vocabulary, translation, Ukrainian audience

A Study of Ungrading in Upper-level Political Theory Courses

This paper presents results from qualitative student reflections from three upper-level courses taught using the “ungrading” pedagogy. This is a pedagogy that emphasizes student learning and self-evaluation by omitting quantitative grades, replacing them with a structure where students evaluate themselves and define their own grades for the course. This work draws on comments taken from student reflections and personal accounts of the course design and outcomes presented as a comprehensive reflection on the pedagogy. The goal of these reflections is to present the advantages and challenges of using such a system and a firsthand account for instructors who are interested in alternative grading schemes. Overall, students found ungrading to be initially worrying, but ultimately rewarding. Student work improved and individual students reflected on the innovative nature of the class, providing concrete suggestions for future iterations.

ACCOUNTING FOR MANAGEMENT OF INNOVATIVE ACTIVITIES OF ENTERPRISES

Trends in the development of production in the information economic environment indicate the need for its further effective functioning exclusively according to the innovative model. Innovative activity differs from any other activity of the enterprise by the presence of an intellectual component, necessarily secured by the property rights, correctly presented information about which can influence management and investment decisions. Accounting contributes to the formation of complete and reliable information about any activity of a business entity that has a social and economic effect. The article examines the essence of innovative activity of enterprises and its regulatory and legal regulation. An analysis of the research and development costs in Ukraine by funding sources was carried out. The specific weight of the research and development expenses as a percentage of the GDP of individual countries of the European Union and in Ukraine was analyzed. On the basis of current Ukrainian legislation and methodical literature, the objects and subjects of innovative activity are defined. The system of information support of the innovative activity of the business entity is given, which will ensure effective management and the adoption of high-quality management decisions regarding the innovative activity of the enterprise. It has been established that the responsible stage of the accounting support of innovative activity is the substantiation of its objects, during the determining of which it is necessary to take into account the economic nature of innovations, the technological features of their creation and use, the requirements of regulatory and legislative acts regarding monitoring and control over their compliance, the need for information for analysis and evaluation of innovative activity and its forecasting according to relevant indicators. The current method of organizing the accounting of innovation activities in terms of accounts for accounting for innovations by types of innovation costs has been studied, which will provide an opportunity to receive more complete, operational and reliable information about innovation processes at the enterprise for the purpose of further economic evaluation of the effectiveness of innovative projects and programs

Protected areas in land use planning policies: Key articulation for territorial justice

The Latin American region has been marked by a historic process of extractivism and weak institutional structures, causing deep socio-environmental and economic crises. The resaturation of territorial justice has then become the center of the debate. Nature-based solutions, for their innovative and systemic nature, could be key in approaching these complex problems. However, the interplay between these strategies and justice is not clear enough. This article addresses this interaction centering on protected areas, the most traditional response from regional governments to nature degradation. We attempt to test the hypothesis that integrating protected areas in land use planning policies improves the exercise of justice, understanding it from a place-based point of view. To this end, we carried out quali- and quantitative analysis of social perceptions, historical background, land use policies and governance in Tandil and Tornquist, two municipal districts of the Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. The results showed that i) protected areas were associated with justice if a conservation project reached a legal rule and if the community was involved in its formulation and management; ii) the integration of protected areas in land use planning policies helped to satisfy both conditions. We end by proposing a theoretical model which outlines how three strengths of land use planning can turn PAs into more just NbS. We also discuss the need to develop a broader and place-based approach of justice as “territorial justice”.

ІННОВАЦІЇ В СУЧАСНОМУ УКРАЇНСЬКОМУ УНІВЕРСИТЕТІ В УМОВАХ РЕФОРМУВАННЯ ВИЩОЇ ОСВІТИ УКРАЇНИ

The article explores the concept of innovation in modern education of Ukraine, which is going through reforms and is referred to by the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine as one of the key characteristics of the country’s educational process in terms of integration into academic and educational framework of the European Union. Educational innovation is seen by the author as an upgrade of the entire system, which was made possible with the introduction of an appropriate action plan (new approaches, teaching methods), which improved the system’s performance. The dichotomous nature of innovation is studied as a combination of its static (the statement of the changes that have occurred) and dynamic (the upgrading process as such) aspects. Educational innovations in Ukraine were enabled by the democratization of society and the creation of an overall innovative environment, which laid the intellectual foundation for implementing innovations in national higher education institutions. Based on the analysis of fundamental changes suggested by the Ministry (eliminating education monopoly) and the use of innovative technologies intrinsic to the European education system (credit-module system, interactive learning, project-based learning, person-oriented approach to professional training, distance and blended learning), the author has testified to a more flexible operation system for Oles Honchar Dnipro National University and its subdivisions (the possibility of subdivision-bound management and independence in content development, choice of learning aims and methods, planning research work) as well as to a more student-centered and student-motivating approach (the possibility of choosing activities and tasks, types of educational information leaning on the lesson stages and student’s cognitive profiles). Therefore, educational innovations are forward-looking, yet they require financial support and in-depth understanding.

Influence of the European Commission on Innovation Development During the Execution of Merger Control

Problem setting. The research focuses on examining the nature of European Commission’s evaluation practices, concerning the merger agreements, that are conducted by this body on the basis of the EU Merger Regulation. The modern dimension of informational society has led to revolutionary changes in Commission’s policy regarding mergers. The European dimension criteria and quantitative evaluations of an undertaking are the main but not the only tools, provided by the Regulation 139/2004, that define the scope of measures, available to the Commission during the investigation. The problem is, that the modern startups progression pattern leads to the alteration of the nature of the market, where the nonessential undertakings can become extremely essential in a dramatically short period of time. This factors have become an incentive to the European Commission to conduct research not only by taking the past and the present factors into consideration, but also using various methods to evaluate the future outcome of the merger with a company, that falls under the Commission’s jurisdiction, which leads to appearance of serious concerns about the integrity of the subsidiarity principle. Analysis of recent researches and publications. The role of the Commission’s evaluation procedure in the merger agreements between the innovative subjects has been researched by the following scientists: Oskar Törngren, Joseph Bromfield, Matthew Olczak, Thomas Buettner, Giulio Federico, Szabolcs Lorincz, Kyriakos Fountoukakos, Dafni Katrana, Agathe Célarié, Massimo Motta, Martin Peitz. The issue in question has also been duly revised and studied by the lawyers and responsible staff of the European Commission. Target of the research is to study a multidimensional nature of merger evaluation, conducted by the EU Commission towards the deals between the undertakings, that contain innovation. Article’s main body. The main instrument, possessed by the Commission and designed to evaluate a substantial threat of a merger to trade via the EU remains the significant impediment of effective competition (SIEC) test, which outlines, that the merger agreement must maintain the balance between competition hindrance and possible benefits and positive commercial outcomes of the deal. In order to make a distinction between lawful and unlawful agreements, the Commission uses a set of criterions and techniques to make sure that the current and the future position of the parties on a relative market will not become object to abuse of the parties. The criterions are not excessive and may encompass both legal and non-legal approaches. The Commission investigates how the position of the parties, their market share, the innovative nature of their product or the difficulty of access to the relevant market can affect the trade within the Internal Market. One of the most recent techniques, which is being used by the Commission as a response to the emerging power of innovative international corporate structures is the loss of innovation criteria. The European Commission insists on the position, that so-called «acquisition killing» is illegal within the EU competition law framework and has conducted a number of landmark investigations, where the conclusion has been made, that the innovative nature of some companies does not allow them to be a subject of merger because of the objective misgiving about the loss of the innovative product as a result of the merger, which may lead to the stoppage of a valuable research. The fact that most of the «acquisition killings» do not fit neither into the national nor the supranational jurisdiction is continuing to be a huge challenge for the Commission to tackle. Nevertheless, the recent practice alterations, concerning the use of the referral procedure, set in art.22 of the EU Merger Regulation allows the Commission to create at least a temporary decision of the problem by giving the Member States an incentive of voluntary application submission in case when the national competition authorities can’t cope with the issue newly set. Conclusions and prospects for the development. It’s worth noting, that the referral procedure use is neither a complete, nor a permanent decision of the problem. However, these steps from the Commission allow us to think that the new wave of integration concerning competition is still awaiting the EU and its Members. The Commission’s practice is a step forward to entering the new era of information economics, where the cooperative activities and mutual strategies of the national governments and the EU institutions are crucial for maintaining the sustainable development principle without hindering subsidiarity.

A novel smart instrument for multilevel alerting and multivariable monitoring of urinary absorption process into a textile medium

This paper presents a novel instrumentation device for instantaneous digital acquisition and processing, of the urine flow absorbed by a textile medium. The proposed device is smart version of a basic instrument studied in previous research works. Arduino framework is used as the development tool of the main C++ instrumentation sketch for ESP32 microchip target. The proposed smart device owes its novelty to many relevant factors including a hardware simplicity of the unary sensor, a multilevel alerting strategy, as well as a multivariable monitoring process. In the wireless side, a serial Bluetooth terminal application is used as driver for smartphone-based virtual monitoring of involved output variables. Furthermore, an experimental workbench built for testing the proposed device is presented. Finally, the technical characteristics and experimental results obtained and presented in the paper, show the innovative nature of the proposed device for bioinstrumentation engineering.

Rebel Universities in The Brazil of Anísio Teixeira: The University of The Federal District and The University of Brasília

This article analyzes two higher education institutions created by Anísio Teixeira, identifying the autonomous and, to a certain extent. rebellious nature of the institutional model which defined their organization. It is divided into three parts. The first deals with the Brazilian educational debate which marked the 1930s and 1960s, in the middle of competing projects for national construction. Next, the proposal for the organization of the University of the Federal District and its characterization as a rebel university is discussed. The third part seeks to understand the positions of Darcy Ribeiro and Anísio Teixeira in relation to the proposal for the University of Brasília, highlighting its innovative and rebellious nature in relation to the models in force in the 1960s. Finally, Teixeira’s legacy is assessed and his contribution to current thinking about some of the most important themes related to higher education in Brazil. Keywords: universities, Brazil; Anísio Teixeira

ACADEMIC STAFF DEVELOPMENT AS AN ENABLER TO GOOD TEACHING PRACTICES AT A HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTION IN THE EASTERN CAPE, SOUTH AFRICA

Higher Education (HE) institutions have to provide support to Academic Staff Development (ASD) through policies, funding and strategies that afford lecturers opportunities to attend ASD disciplinary-based and professional training. Upgrading the nature of teaching and learning is a key strategy in HE and that responsibility lies with Higher Education institutions that identify with the innovative nature of teaching and learning. Good teaching is not an accident, it is achieved through continuous engagement and enhancement of lecturers on both content and innovative pedagogical skills. Such skills need to be horned continuously to close gap in lecturers’ gap and Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK) suits that approach. This study was grounded on principles of Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK). It was conducted in one university campus comprising of two sites in the Eastern Cape in South Africa. A purposive sample of 51 academics was used for data collection. Content analysis was used to identify emerging themes from the interview responses. The findings showed that lecturers regard ASD as enhancing quality teaching and empowering lecturers to improve their lecturing skills and responsibilities.

Influence of the European Commission on Innovation Development During the Execution of Merger Control

Problem setting. The research focuses on examining the nature of European Commission’s evaluation practices, concerning the merger agreements, that are conducted by this body on the basis of the EU Merger Regulation. The modern dimension of informational society has led to revolutionary changes in Commission’s policy regarding mergers. The European dimension criteria and quantitative evaluations of an undertaking are the main but not the only tools, provided by the Regulation 139/2004, that define the scope of measures, available to the Commission during the investigation. The problem is, that the modern startups progression pattern leads to the alteration of the nature of the market, where the nonessential undertakings can become extremely essential in a dramatically short period of time. This factors have become an incentive to the European Commission to conduct research not only by taking the past and the present factors into consideration, but also using various methods to evaluate the future outcome of the merger with a company, that falls under the Commission’s jurisdiction, which leads to appearance of serious concerns about the integrity of the subsidiarity principle. Analysis of recent researches and publications. The role of the Commission’s evaluation procedure in the merger agreements between the innovative subjects has been researched by the following scientists: Oskar Törngren, Joseph Bromfield, Matthew Olczak, Thomas Buettner, Giulio Federico, Szabolcs Lorincz, Kyriakos Fountoukakos, Dafni Katrana, Agathe Célarié, Massimo Motta, Martin Peitz. The issue in question has also been duly revised and studied by the lawyers and responsible staff of the European Commission. Target of the research is to study a multidimensional nature of merger evaluation, conducted by the EU Commission towards the deals between the undertakings, that contain innovation. Article’s main body. The main instrument, possessed by the Commission and designed to evaluate a substantial threat of a merger to trade via the EU remains the significant impediment of effective competition (SIEC) test, which outlines, that the merger agreement must maintain the balance between competition hindrance and possible benefits and positive commercial outcomes of the deal. In order to make a distinction between lawful and unlawful agreements, the Commission uses a set of criterions and techniques to make sure that the current and the future position of the parties on a relative market will not become object to abuse of the parties. The criterions are not excessive and may encompass both legal and non-legal approaches. The Commission investigates how the position of the parties, their market share, the innovative nature of their product or the difficulty of access to the relevant market can affect the trade within the Internal Market. One of the most recent techniques, which is being used by the Commission as a response to the emerging power of innovative international corporate structures is the loss of innovation criteria. The European Commission insists on the position, that so-called «acquisition killing» is illegal within the EU competition law framework and has conducted a number of landmark investigations, where the conclusion has been made, that the innovative nature of some companies does not allow them to be a subject of merger because of the objective misgiving about the loss of the innovative product as a result of the merger, which may lead to the stoppage of a valuable research. The fact that most of the «acquisition killings» do not fit neither into the national nor the supranational jurisdiction is continuing to be a huge challenge for the Commission to tackle. Nevertheless, the recent practice alterations, concerning the use of the referral procedure, set in art.22 of the EU Merger Regulation allows the Commission to create at least a temporary decision of the problem by giving the Member States an incentive of voluntary application submission in case when the national competition authorities can’t cope with the issue newly set. Conclusions and prospects for the development. It’s worth noting, that the referral procedure use is neither a complete, nor a permanent decision of the problem. However, these steps from the Commission allow us to think that the new wave of integration concerning competition is still awaiting the EU and its Members. The Commission’s practice is a step forward to entering the new era of information economics, where the cooperative activities and mutual strategies of the national governments and the EU institutions are crucial for maintaining the sustainable development principle without hindering subsidiarity.

Internal Quality Assurance of the Education Program at Higher Educational Institutions

Ongoing efforts on internal quality assurance of the educational program at higher educational institutions should be based on comprehensiveness and constant innovative activity. The development of modern and effective ways and measures in order to ensure the quality of educational programs is relevant both for modern higher educational institutions in practice and in the theoretical and methodological plane. The purpose of the research lies in establishing the principles of ensuring the quality of the educational program, which should be applied to achieve high quality teaching following the educational program of higher educational institutions in Ukraine; determining the shortcomings and prospects for the development of educational programs (curricula) and their assessment by educators. In the course of the research, an interpretive qualitative study has been used; along with this, the experiment as the main method, the methods of description, questionnaire and observation have been also used in the academic paper. The research hypothesis lies in the fact that ensuring the quality of the educational program is based on a balanced complex of innovative theoretical principles and their practical implementation. The result of the research is the establishment of the fundamentals for ensuring the quality of educational programs of higher educational institutions, taking into account their innovative nature and the evaluation of the strengths and weaknesses of the curriculum by the participants of the educational process. In the prospect, the implementation of research programs for the further development and improvement of the quality and demand of educational programs of the HEI at the level of the world market of educational services is expected.

Complex Building Forms Roofed with Transformed Shell Units and Defined by Saddle Surfaces.

A novel method and description of creating diversified complex original building forms roofed with a number of transformed folded shell units developed on the basis of a novel reference polyhedral network and arranged according to a reference surface with the negative Gaussian curvature is presented. For that purpose, specific reference polyhedral networks is are defined as a complex material deliberately composed of many regular tetrahedrons that are arranged regularly to obtain original attractive complex general building forms. The proposed method is a significant extension of the previous method for shaping roof structures with the positive Gaussian curvature and fills existing gaps in current scientific knowledge. The extended method enables the designer to significantly increase the variety of the created complex shell roof forms and plane-walled folded elevation forms of buildings and to define the shapes of their rod structural systems. It allows one to overcome the existing significant geometric and material limitations related to shape transformations of nominally flat rectangular folded steel sheets into different shell forms. The developed extension is based on formation of a set of properly connected tetrahedra as a material determining different (a) inclination of elevation walls to the vertical, and (b) distribution of many individual warped roof shells in accordance with the properties of a regular surface with negative Gaussian curvature. A number of the adopted specific sets of division coefficients (parameters) is used for determining the entire network and its complete tetrahedra. The presented description makes it possible to adopt appropriate assumptions and data and then employ the innovative method to obtain the expected characteristics of the unconventional building form shaped. The presented three different special forms created with the help of the novel method and the appropriately selected diversified values of the division coefficients of pairs of the vertices of a polyhedral reference network, a polygonal eaves network and points of a reference surface confirm the innovative scientific nature of the obtained results. The method has to be computationally aided due to the complexity of mathematical operations and the need to visualize the designed forms.

Flexural Performance of RC Beams Strengthened with Pre-Stressed Iron-Based Shape Memory Alloy (Fe-SMA) Bars: Numerical Study

The iron-based shape memory alloy (Fe-SMA) has promising applications in strengthening and repairing aged steel-reinforced concrete structural elements. Fe-SMA bars can produce pre-stressing forces on reinforced concrete members by activating their shape memory phenomenon upon heating. This study aims to numerically evaluate the impact of pre-stressed Fe-SMA bars on the structural behavior of reinforced concrete (RC) beams at the serviceability and ultimate stages. Nonlinear finite element (FE) models were developed to predict the response of RC beams externally strengthened with Fe-SMAs. The model shows to correlate well with published experimental results. A parametric investigation was also carried out to examine the effect of various concrete grades, pre-stressing levels, and Fe-SMA bars’ diameter on load-deflection behavior. In light of the innovative nature of the Fe-SMA strengthening technique, a comparison investigation was established between RC beams strengthened with Fe-SMA bars against different pre-stressing systems, such as carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) bars, glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) bars, and steel strands. The numerical findings showed a significant increase in the beams’ load-carrying capacity with larger Fe-SMA bars’ diameter. Specifically, using 12 mm Fe-SMA bars instead of 6 mm increased the beam’s strength by 73%. However, a 14% reduction in ductility was recorded for that case. Moreover, the pre-stressing level of Fe-SMA bars and concrete grade showed a negligible effect on the ultimate strength of the examined beams. Moreover, increasing the pre-stressing level and concrete strength significantly enhanced the load-deflection response in the serviceability stage. Furthermore, using 2T22 mm of Fe-SMA bars resulted in a better structural performance of RC beams compared to other techniques with 2T12 mm, with a comparable cost. Thus, it can be concluded that using Fe-SMA bars embedded in a shotcrete layer attached to the beam’s soffit is a viable and promising strengthening strategy. Nevertheless, further experimental investigations are recommended to further ascertain the reported findings of this numerical investigation.

Do we innovate atop giants' shoulders?

PurposeThe main purpose of this paper is to explore whether the nature of innovation is accumulative or radical and to what extent past year accumulation of technology stock can predict future innovation. More importantly, the authors are concerned with whether a change of policy regime or a variance in the quality of technology will moderate the nature of innovation.Design/methodology/approachThe authors examined a dataset of 3.6 million Chinese patents during 1985–2015 and constructed more than 5 million citation pairs across 8 sections and 128 classes to track knowledge spillover across technology fields. The authors used this citation dataset to calculate the technology innovation network. The authors constructed a measure of upstream invention, interacting the pre-existing technology innovation network with historical patent growth in each technology field, and estimated measure's impact on future innovation since 2005. The authors also constructed three sets of metrics – technology dependence, centrality and scientific value – to identify innovation quality and a policy dummy to consider the impact of policy on innovation.FindingsInnovation growth is built upon past year accumulation and technology spillover. Innovation grows faster for technologies that are more central and grows more slowly for more valuable technologies. A pro-innovation and pro-intellectual property right (IPR) policy plays a positive and significant role in driving technical progress. The authors also found that for technologies that have faster access to new information or larger power to control knowledge flow, the upstream and downstream innovation linkage is stronger. However, this linkage is weaker for technologies that are more novel or general. On most occasions, the nature of innovation was less responsive to policy shock.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to the debate on the nature of innovation by determining whether upstream innovation has strong predictive power on future innovation. The authors develop the assumption used in the technology spillover literature by considering a time-variant, directional and asymmetric matrix to model technology diffusion. For the first time, the authors answer how the nature of innovation will vary depending on the technology network configurations and policy environment. In addition to contributing to the academic debate, the authors' study has important implications for economic growth and industrial or innovation management policies.

Poetics of the symphony genre in the discourse of cognitive musicology (a case study of V. Silvestrov’s works)

Statement of the problem. The article is devoted to methodological problems of musical science, namely, to the functioning of the category of poetics in the analysis of the symphony genre. This approach is especially relevant when considering samples of a modern symphony, which embodies the genre invariant in the most individualized way, and needs new approaches to comprehend its innovative nature. Analysis of recent research and publications. The problems indicated in the article reach three levels of research: poetics as a category of musicology, the genre of the symphony, and the phenomenon of cognitive musicology in modern domestic science. Among the important studies of poetics, we can point out the analytical research performed by A. Polishchuk. As for the symphony genre, the works by O. Zinkevych are the most important. The problems of cognitive musicology are being developed at the department of interpretology and analysis of music of Kharkiv I. P. Kotlyarevsky National University of Arts under the leadership of L. Shapovalova. Also, the main provisions of the study are outlined in more detail in the dissertation of the author of the article. Main objective(s) of the study – approbation of the mode of poetics of the symphony in cognitive musicology using the examples of early symphonies of V. Sylvestrov, which are significantly different from the established models of the embodiment of the genre invariant of the symphony; awareness of their innovative nature and specificity through the category of poetics. The scientific novelty consists in the correlation of the category of the poetics of the symphony with the ontological foundations of music, as well as in the application of this approach to the analysis of the ontogenesis of V. Sylvestrov’s early symphonic creative work as a stylistic system. Methodology. The research uses the following methods of modern humanities and musicology: genre, structural-functional, onto-sonological, semantic, hermeneutic, and cognitive. Results. Poetics is a methodological mode that works in the analysis of the phenomenological nature of modern symphony samples, since it, unlike the established categories in musicology, takes into account both musical and nonmusical discourses, allows to correctly illuminate the nature of the modern symphony, which goes beyond the structural invariant. Poetics is understood both as a methodological guideline that allows for the interpretation of different-level manifestations of the specificity of the composition, which reveal its ontological nature, and as a system that embodies the inner language of the author at all levels of the musical composition. Conclusions. The being of the symphony genre and the experience of its analytical comprehension is a moving, “livsng” semiotics system in musicology. The poetics of the symphony as a way of inhabiting existence, its structuring reaches the level of the world picture, which embodies the dichotomy “Me – World” and distinguishes its most essential quality – ontological.

Exploring Indicators and Determinants to Evaluate Innovation in Tourism Firms

Innovation is consensually recognized as a sine qua non factor for tourism firms' competitiveness. There is, however, less consensus on the way to assess it since its determinants, implicitly present in the concepts of innovation, which are based on typologies, have not yet been clearly defined. This is a central question that few researchers have tried to address. Thus, in this article, a systematic literature review was developed with the objective of presenting the state-of-the-art on the evaluation of firm-level innovation in tourism, highlighting its indicators. From the full analysis of 35 articles, it is noteworthy that the topic was analyzed in European, American, African, Asian, and Oceania contexts. As central elements, human resources management, quality, resources, projects, and knowledge (supported or not by technologies) are fundamental to evaluating innovation (predominantly incremental) in an industry where companies are easily subject to imitation by their competitors. The nature of innovation in its individual, structural, interactive, and/or systemic perspectives has been described based on the apprehension of managers' conceptions and conduct. As a challenge to be overcome by future investigations, the need to establish parameters for the quantification of the various indicators captured and, consequently, classification scales based on scores are pointed out.

The relationship between management control systems and innovativeness in start-ups: evidence for product, business model, and ambidextrous innovation

PurposeThis paper aims to analyze the relationship between the use of management control systems (MCSs) and innovativeness in start-ups pursuing product innovation (PI), business model innovation (BMI) or ambidextrous innovation (both PI and BMI ).Design/methodology/approachThis paper reports on survey data collected at 143 European start-ups using a structured questionnaire sent to a member of the top management team at each firm.FindingsThe authors find that the control levers and their interdependencies associated with increased innovativeness significantly differ between the different forms of innovation.Practical implicationsThe study provides important guidance for entrepreneurs so that they can effectively support their innovation agenda with the MCSs tailored to their needs.Originality/valueThis research contributes to a growing literature that shows the positive role of MCSs in innovative and entrepreneurial processes. It adds to the understanding of the multifaceted nature of innovation and the crucial importance of BMI and ambidextrous innovation for the success of start-ups.

OP37 Lifecycle Evaluation Models And Frameworks Used To Assess Medical Devices: A Qualitative Evidence Synthesis

IntroductionDue to the iterative nature of medical device innovation and development, a single once-off assessment does not provide all the answers that decision-makers need over the device’s lifetime. Consequently, a lifecycle approach is frequently recommended. However, there is no lifecycle model recognized internationally for conducting such evaluations, nor is there explicit agreement regarding what is meant by, or evaluated over, the lifecycle. The purpose of this review was to identify and explore the range of models/frameworks used for evaluating medical devices across their lifetime – to determine what people mean by ‘the lifecycle’, what is evaluated, how, and why.MethodsA qualitative evidence synthesis of lifecycle models described in the literature from a wide variety of disciplines was performed. Literature searching and selection of models iterated with analysis. Similarities, differences, and patterns were identified, from which themes became apparent, and explanatory theories were developed.ResultsFifty-three models are included in the synthesis. The dimensions of difference include, amongst others, the lifecycle scope, level of application, evaluation timepoints and methods, factors included in the models, and the focus of interest. These are each influenced by the purpose of the lifecycle evaluation, which depends on the perspective and the decision or activity the evaluation is intended to inform. Few models provide a lifecycle approach to evaluating safety or efficacy. Theories explaining the differences are postulated.ConclusionsLifecycle evaluation means different things to different actors, with varied reasons for evaluation and different variables included in the models. Thus, discussions between different actors on lifecycle evaluation may be inadvertently at cross-purposes. Without first defining what is meant by the lifecycle (including the stages or phases of activity it covers) and the variables included in an evaluation, care must be exercised when discussing a lifecycle evaluation approach – to ensure that the meaning (and intended objective) is not lost in translation. Indeed, promoting lifecycle evaluation may result in necessary evidence not being generated early enough, being deferred instead until later.