Nature Of Criminology Research Articles

Crime and Punishment in Eastern Pennsylvania, 1903–18, Part 1

ABSTRACT During World War I, Eastern State Penitentiary Warden Robert J. McKenty sought to facilitate military service for felons paroled from his institution. At least 121 individuals—commemorated on a plaque located in the Prison Rotunda—were purported to serve in the American military despite clear restrictions against inducting former and current criminals. After assessing the nature of criminology and penology in Progressive-Era Pennsylvania, this article considers McKenty's views on redemptive rehabilitation both as a factor in the inmates' military service and as a validating marker in reclaiming their civic masculinity.

He Polyscientific Nature of Criminology in the New Classification of Legal Sciences

he Polyscientific Nature of Criminology in the New Classification of Legal Sciences

ПРО ВДОСКОНАЛЕННЯ СИСТЕМИ І РОЗШИРЕННЯ ПРЕДМЕТА КРИМІНАЛІСТИКИ

The article is devoted to the analysis of theoretical researches of forensic system and its subject, interaction of fundamental and empirical knowledge and their influence on development of both theoretical and applied directions of forensic science, empirical and theoretical stages of criminology development criminology and especially in forensic tactics and methods of investigation of certain types of crimes of organizational elements, which can not be denied, given the integrative nature of criminology, which uses data from other sciences, including the science of organization of activities. The disadvantages of this argument are that: first, the organizational provisions contained in the existing sections are largely private; secondly, the improvement of the system is due to the need to integrate the issues located in different parts of criminology into a single structure - a component, an autonomous part of science, which will ensure not only the coherence of the system, but also its logic; the need to modernize the structure is due to the fact that by their nature and essence, a number of provisions do not belong to the sections in which they are currently included ( organization of interaction, investigation planning). It should be borne in mind that the location in the relevant section of certain provisions was caused solely by the purposes of forming sections of criminology, which led to the inclusion of issues that are not directly related to this section (suffice it to mention the history of investigative tactics); thirdly, the lack of an independent section leads to the fact that many general provisions of the theory of organization of activities are not included in the content of criminology (in particular, it is a question of the scientific organization of work which represent a structural element of organizational bases of activity). Selection as an independent section should be an incentive to intensify research on the problems of organization of forensic activities. The definition of criminology as an applied interdisciplinary legal science is offered.

Criminology's Darkest Hour: Biocriminology in Nazi Germany

This article deals with criminology and its effects during Hitler's Third Reich (1933–1945). For comparative purposes, it also examines the nature and effects of criminology in fascist Italy (1922–1943). In both states, criminology became an extension of political power, but only in Nazi Germany did it fully reach its murderous potential, working to justify the genocide of not only Jews and Gypsies but of criminals as well. Key questions include: How did biological ideas shape explanations of crime in Nazi Germany? How did Nazi science define ‘criminals’? What were the consequences of Nazi criminology? And what does the study of scientific criminology under the Nazis reveal about the nature of criminology itself?

I'll Come Back and Stalk You

In this article, I analyze conflicts between advocacy and research on offenders and specifically male offenders. The analysis is based on the contradictory investments I had as a female researcher and an advocate during Kevin's final months on death row until his execution. My activism on Kevin's behalf facilitated research access. The interviews provided Kevin with a rare forum for enacting a powerful masculine self, a demonstration that eventually positioned me as his victim. The assuredness of Kevin's execution allowed me to ignore his harassment and to continue data collection. As criminologists, we are likely to be consumers of state control. Criminologists, and specifically women, may also be objects of informants' control. Presented in their structural context, research interactions can illuminate both the far reach of state power and the gendered nature of criminology.

Synthèse des travaux

Synthèse des travaux

Criminology as Religion?

The terrain in and around academia is being transformed. Criminology has not been exempt, with dwindling government funding forcing greater emphasis on contract research, consultancies and even direct programme management. Various commentators have expressed concern about the future of the discipline--but what is it that is being changed? This paper explores the nature of criminology and argues that it always has been as much a moral as an empirical science. Using Weber's sociology of religion as a model we argue that criminology has generated a variety of types, including: magicians' (whose primary concern is with what works?'); priests' (guardians of doctrine); gurus' (distillers of current expertise); and prophets' (bearers of fresh visions'). The paper also explores tensions and paradoxes inherent in criminology's religious dimension: in particular the possibility that desire for moral virtuosity' (often disguised as a concern for theoretical purity') can lead to rejection of worldly involvement on the grounds that it will cloud insight. In this context the paper argues that the consequences of a shift toward market concerns need not be entirely negative.

Images of Gender:

This study is a content analysis of photographs in 22 introductory criminology and criminal justice textbooks published between 1988 and 1991. The purpose of the study is to explore the extent to which women have been given a visual presence and to determine whether texts provide a socially constructed image of gender commensurate with the various roles women play in criminology and the criminal justice system. Analyses of 1,373 photographs depicting 4,503 individuals revealed that women are rendered invisible and that images of women reflect the androcentric nature of criminology and criminal justice.

Examining Trends in Criminological Thought

Abstract While numerous scholars have suggested that the field of criminology has suffered a decline in theory and theory building, scant evidence has been presented to support this view. Historical and contemporary writings are reviewed which are critical of the dualistic nature of criminology. To assess the state of theory in contemporary criminology, 24 volumes of Criminology (vol. 2 through vol. 26) were analyzed. The findings indicate that although empiricism is the dominant orientation, this is not a recent development. Explanations for the findings are offered along with their implications for the future development of the field of criminology.