Nature Of Agreement Research Articles

Development of inventory for polyprofessionalism lapses at the proto-professional stage of health professions education together with recommended responses

Aim: To identify behaviours and attitudes that exhibit poor professionalism at the proto-professional stage of undergraduate health professions education, and investigate the extent and nature of agreement by faculty on appropriate responses by undergraduate students in the UK.Methods: A preliminary inventory of 69 items of behaviour and attitude was derived from literature review and 1-month observation at a UK teaching site. Reference Groups were formed by e-mail solicitation of senior medical educators in the UK and the Dundee Medical School to identify consensus on the relevant items and the appropriate responses.Results: The multi-stage study generated a preliminary inventory with 42 items and identified clear areas of consensus among faculty on appropriate responses by students to lapses in professionalism.Conclusions: There is a broad range of consensus on the relevance of more than 40 forms of poor professionalism at the proto-professional undergraduate level and the appropriate responses that students should feel empowered to make to observed lapses. These data will give guidance in the development of e-learning programmes for UK students and to undergraduate Fitness to Practise Committees as they seek consistency in responding to lapses in professionalism by students and teachers at the undergraduate level.

Implications of the change in user preferences in the economic downturn on investment strategies

PurposeThe current world economic climate is uncertain. The credit crunch has led to occupiers rethinking their strategic requirements, and, at the same time, they are fire fighting to keep their occupation costs at a level that will allow the companies to survive. This briefing note aims to look at the activity between landlords and tenants in the market to determine, indicatively, the changes that are happening due to the downturn.Design/methodology/approachThe paper uses an indicative survey and market commentary.FindingsIn this market, more than any other, tenants are approaching landlords with the idea of renegotiating their rental liabilities. Landlords are considering each proposal on its merits and solutions are ranging from side agreements to not demand full payment, to surrender and renewals to provide a more even cash flow or outright surrenders with a reverse premium being paid.Practical implicationsThis paper looks at the UK market and the nature of agreements being made with a background of such uncertainty. The booming investment market of the last few years has shielded the profession from the need to consider fully the role of proactive management. This paper argues that good relationship management and a foresight to negotiate to protect future cash flows means that, now more than ever, management surveyors can enhance and protect capital values.Originality/valueThis paper provides an insight into the confluence of requirements between landlords and tenants in a market driven by a lack of capital and access to borrowings on both sides.

Two-country Negotiation Game by Players Presuming the Opponent’ s Payoff Structure

This paper addresses the two-person game with the cognitive frameworks and expresses the process of diplomatic negotiation. The feature of the game in this paper is that players presume their partner’ s payoff matrix according to information received from the latter and the result of previous games. Each player has a simple cognitive framework (filter) and interprets received information. In this paper, we consider the process of diplomatic negotiation which does not have enough information about the partner and analysis the nature of agreements. The result of simulation shows that even if information is imperfect, there is a possibility of establishing agreements and those agreements include a kind of special agreement, ‘mutual misunderstanding.’

Agreement restrictions

Reviewed by: Agreement restrictions Milan Rezac Agreement restrictions. Ed. by Roberta D’Alessandro, Susann Fischer, and Gunnar Hrafn Hrafnbjargarson. (Interface explorations 15.) Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 2008. Pp. 325. ISBN 9783110200652. $137. This collection of papers aims to present the current state of research on agreement restrictions. Unity or consensus is not sought; the independent contributions bring out both the achievements and the disagreements of the field. Ten of the eleven papers deal centrally with the restrictions known as the person case constraint (PCC, Bonet 1991) and the person restriction (PR, Taraldsen 1995), or with their superficially close kin. I comment on the papers in accordance with these themes. The remaining paper is Hamid Ouali’s ‘On C-to-T ϕ-feature transfer: The nature of agreement and anti-agreement in Berber’ (159–80). The PCC and PR belong to the family of argument interactions involving phi-features. In both restrictions, a dative prevents a first- and second- but not third-person argument from otherwise obligatory cliticization (the PCC in French (1)) or agreement (the PR in Icelandic (2)). 1. 2. The following issues emerge in current work (e.g. Anagnostopoulou 2003): • PCC/PR in syntax vs. morphology: Some agreement restrictions rely on surface morphology, but it does not differentiate the well- and ill-formed examples in 1 and 2, which appeal to more abstract structures (see papers by Arregi and Nevins, Rivero, Wiltschko). • Configuration where PCC/PR obtain: 1 and 2 suggest that the dative must c-command a first or second person that bears structural Case and needs to agree or cliticize (Anagnostopoulou, López, Richards, Sigurðsson and Holmberg). • Role of the dative: The dative does not control the same agreement or clitic series as the first and second person it affects, unlike in ‘primary’ object applicatives of the English or Mohawk type (Boeckx, Bonet, Richards, Sigurðsson and Holmberg). • (Non)repairs: Suspending cliticization or agreement does not automatically lead to the goodness of pronouns that otherwise must cliticize or agree, including in 1 and 2, but it sometimes does (Bonet, Sigurðsson and Holmberg). • PCC vs. PR: The PCC typically occurs in transitive sentences and affects clitics or agreement, while the PR typically appears in intransitive sentences and affects agreement. Other factors may or may not derive this, such as the absence of dative subjects in French and object clitics in Icelandic. In ‘Icelandic dative intervention: Person and number are separate probes’ (251–80), Halldór Ármann Sigurđsson and Anders Holmberg greatly advance our knowledge and understanding of the Icelandic PR. The core of the chapter shows that the PR involves syntactic intervention of the dative for person agreement with the nominative, and in some varieties also for number agreement. Remarkable support comes from elimination of the PR by moving the nominative past the dative. It is good evidence here for the key role of syntactic structure in the restriction, shored up by other movement effects on the PR and the PCC (Kučerová 2007, Rezac 2008, Karimi 2010, Baker 2011). The PR itself is attributed to a conflict of features coming from multiple agreement with the person of the nominative and the third person that all datives are assumed to bear (cf. Ormazabal & Romero 2002 on the PCC). Default agreement does not help, but syncretism of the exponents for the conflicting person values does (cf. McCreight 1988 on Case). The PR is therefore related to the morphological realization of agreement, whose interaction with syntax is left somewhat vague (271f.). Two issues seem essential to further exploration of this proposal. One is the status of the syncretism effect. It is reported that for most speakers, it eliminates the PR; yet Sigurðsson’s (1996:33ff.) study suggests instead that it ameliorates the PR to a degree that is commensurate with the amount of syncretism in a verbal paradigm. The other is the PR in nonagreeing infinitives. It is expected to be absent, but the evidence seems ambivalent for now (271, 276, n. 29; Boeckx 2003:ex. 24, Nomura 2005:§3.2.3, Bobaljik 2008:319, n. 27). Sigurðsson and Holmberg make use of one of the...

Do different stakeholder groups share mental health research priorities? A four‐arm Delphi study

Despite considerable investment in research priority setting within diverse fields of healthcare, little is known about the extent to which different stakeholder groups share research priorities. Conflicting priorities may jeopardize stakeholder engagement in research. To identify the research priorities of different stakeholder groups within mental health care and examine the extent and nature of agreement between them. Using a Delphi technique, we conducted parallel consultation processes within four different stakeholder groups. Each group process consisted of three rounds. The study was carried out within a mental health and learning disabilities trust in southern England. Participants were recruited from the following groups: mental health service users (34), informal carers (26), mental health practitioners (35) and service managers (23). There were striking differences between the four groups in respect of their ability and willingness to make priority decisions. These differences notwithstanding, there was considerable overlap in respect of their research interests. All groups identified and attached high importance to issues relating to the promotion of independence, self-esteem and recovery. The quality of in-patient care, the place of psychological therapies and the relationship between physical and mental health also emerged across the board. The confluence of four different stakeholder groups around a number of clear themes is highly encouraging, providing a framework within which to construct a research agenda and suggesting that mental health research can be built on solid partnerships.

Lemire v. Ukraine

59Settlement — Agreement for settlement of dispute — Recorded as award on agreed terms — Discontinuance of proceedingsAward — Award on agreed terms — Agreement for settlement of dispute — Nature of agreement — No additional rights, benefits or privileges conferred — Principles governing interpretation and implementation — Agreement binding on legal successors to parties — Article 55 of icsid (AF) Arbitration Rules

Correlation of three methods of measuring cytogenetic response in chronic myelocytic leukemia

Change in proportion of metaphases with a Ph chromosome is often used to measure effect of treatment in chronic myelocytic leukemia, but this method requires analysis of dividing cells. Dual-color fluorescence in situ hybridization (D-FISH) analysis of bone marrow (BM) or blood (PB), can be used to establish the proportion of interphase nuclei with BCR/ABL fusion. We studied the correlation of these three measures with each other and with response classification categories. In a clinical trial to test rIFN − versus rIFN − +Ara-C ( N = 65 patients), we defined for each cytogenetic and FISH parameter, the patient's “best response” over time and at any given time. The strength and nature of agreement among the three measurements were determined by regression, correlation, and kappa statistic. Correlations between cyBM versus D-FISH-BM, cyBM versus D-FISH-PB and D-FISH-BM vs. D-FISH-PB were fairly strong. Regression showed cyBM values were significantly higher than those of D-FISH-PB or D-FISH-BM. No difference between D-FISH-PB and D-FISH-BM was apparent. When numerical responses (BR%) were classified into response categories (CR, PR, MR, NR), levels of agreement were weak to moderate. We observed a trend toward disagreement between cyBM and each D-FISH method, with cyBM tending to “downgrade” response category. Whether analyzed using actual numerical values or classified into response categories, cyBM differed from D-FISH-BM or D-FISH-PB. The results indicate that mixing data of different methods to measure treatment response within or between patients may be misleading clinical index.

Priorities of consumers, providers, and family members in the treatment of schizophrenia.

This study explored the extent and nature of agreement on outcome and service priorities between consumers, their providers, and their family members as well as providers' and family members' awareness of consumers' priorities. Interviews were conducted with members of 60 stakeholder sets that included a person with schizophrenia, one of his or her mental health care providers, and one of his or her family members. Each member of the set ranked seven outcomes and nine services in order of importance and rated the relative importance of each. Family members and providers also ranked the outcomes and services in the order in which they believed the consumer would rank them. Magnitude-estimation-preference-weight ratios and Kendall's rank-order correlation were used to evaluate pairwise (consumer and provider, consumer and family member, and family member and provider) and within-set agreement. Pairwise and within-set agreement was low. In general, no more than a third of the pairs agreed on outcome priorities, and no more than half agreed on service priorities. In about half of the 60 sets, none of the three pairs agreed on outcome priorities. Awareness of consumers' priorities was limited. Family members' and providers' estimates of consumers' outcome priorities were more similar to their own preferences than to consumers'. Low rates of agreement were also noted for providers' estimates of consumers' service priorities. Within-set agreement was lower than agreement by type of stakeholder. Current goal-setting in nonresearch clinical settings is generating neither consensus nor a shared understanding of consumers' priorities. Priorities vary widely among consumers, among providers, and among family members.

The revival of regional trade arrangements: a GE evaluation of the impact on small countries

In this paper we analyse the implications of various potential regional trade arrangements on the globe for small, medium, and large countries using a general equilibrium multi-region model of world trade. We show that the effects of regional trade arrangements on member and non-member countries are different for different equilibrium concept and the nature of agreements. In a traditional competitive equilibrium framework the welfare effects are small and non-member nations lose marginally due to a trade diversion. In a non-cooperative Nash equilibrium framework small non-member nations are worse affected. Since the larger regions can bring the terms of trade in their favor by retaliation, and hence could gain from retaliation, the growth of regional trade arrangements is a great cause of concern for the smaller regions. This concern becomes stronger if these trade arrangements are customs unions (CU). This makes small and medium size nations seeking trading arrangement with larger nations as a safe heaven strategy.

Pathways to the Enabling State: Changing Modes of Social Provision in Western Australian Community Services

This investigation of reform of Western Australian community services problematises assumptions about the enabling state. The investigation is distinctive by virtue of its attention to the departure points as well as the destinations in pathways of policy change and its unpacking of three modes of public provision into their three constituent policy elements (funder‐provider mix; the nature of agreements between policy actors; and the type of funding relationships). We find first that government had long adopted some aspects of the model of governance associated with the enabling state. Second, we find some path dependency in policy change towards marketisation. Third, we find highly nuanced policy outcomes combining government exploitation of its authority, market innovations and the maintenance of basic network features of the programs.

Outcomes after head injury: level of agreement between subjects and their informants

AbstractThis study examined the extent and nature of agreement between the responses of 42 young adults with traumatic brain injury and their informants (family members or friends) on selected outcome measures. A telephone interview was conducted approximately five years post injury with items measuring quality of life, impairment, disability and handicap. Levels of agreement were analysed using kappa and intraclass correlation coefficients. In general, agreement was higher on objective, observable items from all outcome measures such as physical function and productivity. However, there was some disagreement on these items as well as more substantial disagreement on subjective items, so clinicians are cautioned against substituting informant responses for those of TBI clients. These results were similar for mild, more moderate and severely injured clients. Copyright © 1997 Whurr Publishers Ltd.

Theory of hyperfine interactions in potassium andSc2+sion:Trends in systems isoelectronic with potassium

A first-principles relativistic many-body investigation of magnetic hyperfine fields has been carried out for the ground states 4${\mathrm{}}^{2}$ ${\mathrm{S}}_{1\mathrm{/}2}$ of the alkali atom K and doubly charged ion ${\mathrm{Sc}}^{2+}$ completing the investigation over the three members of the isoelectronic series K, ${\mathrm{Ca}}^{+}$ , and ${\mathrm{Sc}}^{2+}$ with a single valence electron in the 4s state, since ${\mathrm{Ca}}^{+}$ had been investigated by us previously. This allows one to study both the nature of agreement with experiment over this series as the charge increases and the trends in the contributions from the major mechanisms responsible for the hyperfine fields in these systems. The calculated magnetic hyperfine fields in tesla for K, ${\mathrm{Ca}}^{+}$ , and ${\mathrm{Sc}}^{2+}$ are 56.81, 135.90, and 239.29, respectively. These agree very well with the measured values of 58.02 T for K and 140.30 T for ${\mathrm{Ca}}^{+}$ . No experimental data are available for the ${\mathrm{Sc}}^{2+}$ system. The exchange core polarization (ECP) and correlation contributions, as fractions of the valence contribution, are found to decrease rapidly as one goes to systems with higher ionic charges, the decrease being more drastic for correlation effects. The trend of the ratios of ECP and correlation contributions to the valence contribution for both K and ${\mathrm{Sc}}^{2+}$ were compared with those calculated for the neighboring alkali-metal systems, sodium and rubidium. The physical explanations for the results and the observed trends in the contributions from the different mechanisms are discussed.

International Negotiations and Plural Societies: The Cases of Estonia and Tatarstan

AbstractMulti-ethnic societies create special contexts for international negotiations. Chief governmental officers (CGOs) , domestic constituencies, and public protest may affect both the nature of agreements and the domestic structures of regimes. Employing a two-level negotiations perspective, the role of third parties and the ability of CGOs to modify domestic constituencies is highlighted. The contraction of participation and the cooptation of nationalism by CGOs distinguishes these cases which involve plural societies from other international negotiations.

Re the Competence of the European Community to Conclude International Agreements Concerning Services and the Protection of Intellectual Property

75Economics, trade and finance — World Trade Organization — Constituent treaties — GATT Uruguay Round — European Community — Competence to conclude agreements — Whether vested in Community or the Member StatesInternational organizations — GATT — World Trade Organization — Agreements establishing World Trade Organization — Integrated nature of agreements — Dispute settlement mechanismsTreaties — Conclusion — Competence to conclude treaties — European Community — Euratom — European Coal and Steel Community — Division between competence of Communities and competence of Member States to conclude treaties — The law of the European Communities

La théorie des contrats implicites : bilan et perspectives

The Implicit Contracts Theory: Results and Prospects, by Anne Perrot. By using a simple model, this paper presents the idea behind the implicit contracts theory to explain why wage agreements are so rigid and why involuntary unemployment exists: the hiring process is considered to be an insurance policy whereby firms, either neutral or relatively unexposed to risk, insure wage earners, who are more exposed to risk, against fluctuations in their income. The result is rigidity in wages and perhaps involuntary unemployment. These results are discussed in comparison with other hypotheses on the nature of agreements and constraints on the agents (areas of employment, benefits paid to the unemployed,...). Such agreements can be responsible for cases of over-employment.

Ammonia absorption into water in a packed tower I: Characterization of packing and liquid distribution

Pressure loss, holdup and liquid distribution were measured for a standard 10 mm glass Raschig ring packing. The first two characteristics showed gener However, the actual holdup values and the loading and flooding zones were significantly lower than those expected for nominally similar packing. These of packing which caused variations in mass transfer coefficients due to the existence of different dry or inactive areas in nominally similar packings. The flow distribution was shown to be statistical in nature in agreement with the rivulet flow model. At the top of the packing, the radial distributio of 12 – 15 column diameters, the liquid flow distribution became constant and was predominantly at the wall. The main flow in the bulk of the packing distribution. Any increase in liquid flow was carried in existing rivulets since the number density increased very slightly with increasing liquid flow

Current Status of Theory of Nuclear Quadrupole Interaction in Metallic Systems

This paper deals with the current status of understanding of the factors that determine the origin of nuclear quadrupole interactions in metallic systems. The major emphasis is on pure metals in which there is currently better understanding of the origin of the electric field gradient (EFG) at the nuclear sites. The procedures for the determination of the electron densities that lead to the electronic contributions to the EFG’s is discussed as well as the quantitative procedures for incorporation of antishielding effects. The nature of agreement between theory and experiment is examined by considering the hexagonal close packed metals beryllium, magnesium, zinc and cadmium. The sensitiveness of the calculated EFG to the procedure used for obtaining electron densities is discussed in beryllium using orthogonalized plane wave and augmented plane wave procedures. The nature of agreement between theory and experiment currently attainable for semi-metals and semiconductors is discussed. The bearing of some of the results in these latter systems by procedures dealing with clusters of atoms to simulate the infinite solid on the future of such procedures for imperfect systems and surfaces is commented upon. A brief discussion is presented about the various possible contributors to the temperature dependence of EFG’s in pure metals and comparison is made between theory and experiment for zinc and cadmium. The factors that can contribute to the EFG’s in imperfect metallic systems, including alloys, at both host and impurity nuclei are discussed, and some of these factors are illustrated by considering two examples of these systems, EFG ’s at host Al and Cu nuclei due to mu mesons introduced in the metal and at impurity nuclei in alloys involving cadmium metal host. The concluding section discusses directions in which further efforts are needed to improve our theoretical understanding of both pure metals and imperfect metallic systems.

Two-centre defects and low-energy excitations in vitreous silica

A first-principle chemical model for IVAP-like defects in vitreous silica is proposed. It is shown that these two-centre defects are diamagnetic and, forT<10 K, display a two-level-like energy spectrum. They also exhibit a dipolar nature in agreement with recent experimental data. A close analogy with the basic idea underlying the tunnelling-atom theory is shown, supporting the connection between low-energy excitations in amorphous materials and twofold degenerate equilibrium positions of certain lattice sites. In contrast to previous theories, the present model predicts a large contribution of fast relaxing two-level systems at very low temperatures (T<0.1 K), while slowly relaxing excitations achieve thermal activation only at higher temperature. This result is indirectly confirmed by deviations from linearity of the low-temperature specific heat and seems to bridge in a satisfactory way experimental results which appeared contradictory in the framework of the tunnelling-atom theory as it is usually formulated.

APPLICATION OF INVERSE TRANSFORMATION TECHNIQUE TO 3-PHASE POLE-CHANGING WINDINGS

ABSTRACT The inverse d-q transformation is used to develop pole-changing 3-phase induction motors from change-pole 2-phase ones. Transformation procedures, common features of the original 2-phase and derived 3-phase windings, basic differences between derived and conventional 3-phase windings together with their limitations are discussed in detail. Single winding change pole arrangements for 3-phase machines are derived from 2-phase ones. In addition, a mathematical model is presented to take satisfactorily into account the effects of unbalanced impedances and multi harmonic interactions. Tests conducted both in 2 and 3-phase operations on a 10/6 change-pole machine are reported. The nature of agreement between the computed and experimental results validates the transformation technique and also the mathematical model used in the process.