Natural Yellow Dye Research Articles

Utilization of Waste Banana Peels and Corn Cobs as Substrates in Neurospora sitophila Fermentation for Production of Natural Yellow Dyes

In the current situation, biomass gasification has become a major interest in producing clean energy and green chemicals. By gasification, the biomass can be converted to synthetic gas (syngas) for many purposes. However, syngas with high tar content can cause pipeline fouling and disturb the operation of downstream equipment. To reduce tar content, a two-series wet scrubber was installed for syngas cleaning produced by palm kernel shell gasification. Firstly, the gasification is operated at a temperature range of 500 – 600oC and 700 – 800oC to determine the conditions where the lowest tar syngas is produced. After that, the wet scrubber is installed with a variety of solvents including isopropyl alcohol, water, used cooking oil, and used lubricating oil. The results show that the lowest tar syngas was produced at a temperature of 800oC with a tar yield of 0.165 g/kg biomass. Meanwhile, in the same condition, isopropyl alcohol delivers the most substantial impact on tar removal efficiency, whereas used lubricating oil results in less impact. The use of isopropyl alcohol resulted in 99.25% tar removal effectiveness while lubricating oil yielded just 50.32%.

New insights into the dyes of Central Asian ikat textiles

Central Asian ikat textiles are characterised by their bold and large abstract patterns, made up of vibrant colours with a characteristic “blurred edge” effect, which makes them some of the most recognisable fabrics worldwide. Eleven ikats from the collection of the National Museum of Asian Art, Smithsonian Institution (Washington, DC, USA) and six ikats from the collection of the British Museum (London, UK) were investigated by high pressure liquid chromatography coupled to diode array detector and high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-HRMS/MS) to identify the dyes and expand on recent research focused on the integration of synthetic dyes in ikat dyeing during the second half of the 19th century. The results confirmed that the palette of natural dyes includes cochineal (probably mostly from a local species native to central Asia) for red, larkspur (Delphinium semibarbatum) for yellow, and indigo for blue as the main dye sources. In some of the textiles, madder (Rubia tinctorum) for red and pagoda tree (Sophora japonica) for yellow were also detected as minor components mixed with cochineal and larkspur, respectively. Synthetic dyes, such as scarlet reds (C.I. 16150 and 16155), rose bengale (C.I. 45435), eosin (C.I. 45380), erythrosine (C.I. 45430), fuchsin (C.I. 42510/42520), methyl violet (C.I. 42535/42555), malachite green (C.I. 42000) and brilliant green (C.I. 42040) were detected in eight textiles. In three textiles, natural dyes were identified in the ikat-dyed silk warp threads and synthetic dyes in the red cotton weft threads, highlighting interesting mixtures of materials and textile-making practices. Natural yellow dyes were used in all textiles, even those for which all the other colours are synthetic. These results provide significant new information about the changes in ikat production that occurred during the 19th century in Central Asia.

Geolashon (Teloschistes flavicans), a natural yellow dye from the Peruvian Andes: traditional uses, bioactive extraction, and potential applications

Recently, interest in studying pigments from lichens has been aroused due to their bioactive properties and health benefits. The Geolashon (Teloschistes flavicans) is a thousand-year-old lichen from the Peruvian Andes characterized by its yellow filaments, traditionally used by the Peruvian inhabitants as a natural pigment for making handicrafts and medicinal purposes. In this sense, this article aims to compile all the studies on Geolashon as a source of natural yellow pigments, starting from its importance and applications by the Andean population to research on obtaining, characterizing, and properties of its extracts. Although studies on this lichen are limited, it was observed that the obtained from lichen are rich in 3-[1’-(2”,3”-dihydroxy-phenyl)-propyl]-7-hydroxy- chroman-4-one, vicanicin, parietin, other compounds and has antidiabetic, antibacterial, antileukemic, antimicrobial, anticancer and termiticide activity that would be interesting for use in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, food and agricultural industries, generating added value in the final product. Aspects such as processing, functional properties, and toxicology of the bioactive components of Geolashon must be studied for its correct use.

Study on Dyeing Properties and Color Characteristics of Wool Fabrics Dyed with Geranium caespitosum L. Extract—A New Natural Yellow Dye

Natural dyes play an important role in sustainable dyeing processes. However, natural yellow dyes with good performance are rare. Traditional natural yellow dyes have issues, such as a narrow color range and poor light fastness. In this paper, a new natural yellow dye was extracted from a low-cost herb Geranium caespitosum L. (G. caespitosum). In addition, the dye composition was analyzed using UV-visible spectroscopy. The dyeing process of G. caespitosum dye on wool fabrics was optimized using single-factor experiments. Standard fastness tests were conducted to evaluate the sunlight, washing, and rubbing fastness of the dyed fabrics. The color characteristics and color gamut range of the dyed fabrics were evaluated. The obtained colors were compared and assessed with Pantone Matching Systems and Chinese traditional colors. The results showed that phenolic acids and flavonoids were present in the G. caespitosum dye solution as yellow dye compounds. The best dyeing process for wool fabrics was meta-mordanting. The dyed fabrics were bright yellow at 60 °C and golden yellow at 90 °C. All the obtained colors were in the yellow-red range. According to the ISO color fastness standards, wool fabrics dyed with G. caespitosum dye had good color fastness ratings, particularly sunlight fastness. Therefore, G. caespitosum dye is a promising natural yellow dye that can be used for wool fabric dyeing. It has advantages over other known natural yellow dyes and has certain application value.

Adsorption kinetic and thermodynamic studies of the dyeing process of pineapple leaf fibre with berberine dye and modeling of associated interactions

There are on-going investigations on the utilization of pineapple leaf fibre (PALF) as a cheap, safe, and eco-friendly natural fibre. The present work aimed to improve PALF preparation using ultrasonication, investigate the adsorption kinetic and thermodynamic aspects of PALF dyed with berberine dye, and to assess their associated molecular interactions. It was found that concomitant PALF exposure to NaOH solution (5% w/v) plus ultrasonication for 20 min successfully removed non-cellulosic substances from the fibre surface in a very much shorter time compared with the traditional non-ultrasound assisted method (24 h). An adsorption isotherm study of dyeing, the treated fibre with the natural yellow dye berberine revealed a strong adsorption dependence on the pH of the berberine solution with optimal uptake occurring at pH 9–10. A deeper assessment of the mode of dye binding was undertaken by DFT − based calculations on a model cellulose unit and berberine. It revealed that the interaction between berberine and cellulose (PALF) at pH 9.00 was likely to be substantially stronger than at lower pH. From the adsorption kinetic results, a higher affinity and more dye uptake were observed before equilibrium was reached. The adsorption isotherm data could be represented by the Langmuir isotherm (R 2 > 0.99). The enthalpy change (ΔH°) and entropy change (ΔS°) values of dyeing were found to be −17.0 kJ mol−1 and −19.4 J mol−1 K−1 respectively, which pointed to the dye adsorption being an exothermic process. The negative standard affinity (Δµ o) values at the different temperatures of 30, 60, and 80 °C were −11.2, −10.6, and −10.2 kJ mol−1, respectively. It affirmed the dye adsorption process as a spontaneous one. Higher temperatures resulted in a lower affinity and reduced dye uptake compatible with the process being exothermic. Berberine is a potentially useful natural dye for PALF without the need for additives.

Pengaruh pH Awal dan Suhu selama Penyimpanan terhadap Stabilitas Ekstrak Pewarna Kulit Buah Jeruk Mandarin (Citrus reticulata)

The orange peel of Mandarin oranges contains carotenoid compounds which have potential as natural yellow and orange dyes and also as a source of antioxidants. The dye obtained from Mandarin orange peel has unstable properties. The purpose of this study was to know the effect of initial pH and temperature during storage on the stability of the Mandarin orange peel dye extract and determine the best initial pH and temperature during storage to maintain the stability of the Mandarin orange peel dye extract (Citrus reticulata). The experiment of this study used Completely Randomized Design with two factors. The first factor is initial pH consisting of three levels: pH 4, 7, and 10. The second factor is temperature during storage consisting of two levels: 4±3ºC and 28±3ºC. The results showed that initial pH had significant effect (P<0.01) on carotenoids, antioxidant capacity, brightness (L*), redness (a*), and yellowess (b*). The temperature during storage had significant effect on carotenoids, antioxidant capacity, brightness (L*), and yellowess (b*) but had not significant effect (P>0.05) on redness (a*). The dye extract of Mandarin orange peel was more stable at the storage conditions of pH 7 (neutral) and cold temperature (4±3ºC) during 4 weeks storage with decreased of carotenoids, antioxidant capacity, increase in brightness (L*), decrease in redness (a*), and decrease in yellowess (b*) successively was 42,96%; 21,02%; 26,36%; 20,89 dan 16,89%.
 Keywords: Mandarin orange peel extract, carotenoids, pH, temperature, color stability.

Effects of yellow natural dyes on handmade Daqian paper

Natural yellow plant dyes and traditional medicines were used widely on historical papers in ancient China for religious reasons and conservation considerations. This study aims to evaluate some traditional yellow botanical sources of dyes that contain different chemical colorant compositions in order to understand their effects on the properties of traditional handmade paper. The physical and chemical changes in paper specimens treated with plant dyes were studied by examining properties such as the color, pH, thermogravimetric (TG) characteristics, tensile strength, folding endurance and microstructure by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results indicated that different colorants had different toning effects and that the main components, including carboxyl and ketone groups, could affect the paper stability at high temperatures. The results also revealed that the mechanical properties of paper specimens were improved after treatment with plant dyes. The significant improvements in the tensile strength and folding endurance and the slightly higher decomposition temperature of Amur cork tree-dyed paper could be ascribed to the strong interaction between the colorants’ main components and the fibers. The scientific evaluation of the property changes is therefore valuable information for weighing the advantages and disadvantages of the various yellow toning materials for paper conservation treatment.

Application of natural yellow (curcumin) dye on silk to impart multifunctional finishing and validation of dyeing process using BBD model

AbstractDyeing of silk fabric was carried with curcumin, extracted from turmeric, which is known for its yellow colour and antioxidant properties. Design expert Box‐Behnken design (BBD) model was employed to perform dyeing experiments on silk fabric with curcumin dye. The dyed fabrics were characterized for its functional properties by colour measurement as K/S values, antioxidant activity by DPPH assay and UPF. The curcumin dyed silk samples showed upto 88% antioxidant activity and good to excellent ultraviolet protection depending on the percentage of curcumin used. The effect of pre‐mordanting using metal mordants was also studied.

Physico-chemical Analysis, Total Polyphenolic Content and Antioxidant Capacity of Yellow Dye Extracted from Curcuma longa

Turmeric (Curcuma longa) is a well known condiment of the Asian cuisine and also used as ayurvedic medicine in the content, since ancient times due to its potential therapeutic properties. Main colouring constituent of Curcuma longa is curcumin and curcuminoids. In the present work natural yellow dye was extracted from rhizome of turmeric using an effective low cost method of solvent extraction. The developed natural yellow dye was assessed for physico-chemical analysis, toxicity, polyphenolic content and antioxidant activity. Physico-chemical assay showed good nutritional profile of the extracted natural yellow dye and quite safe at dose level 3.5g/Kg body wt. Significant phenolic content was found to be 63.32 mg GAE/100g, and also showed potent antioxidant capacity (% inhibition) ranging from 5.1-20.4 at 1-5 mg/mL concentration. Animal trials showed no mortality in the mice.
 

Standardization of drying, bleaching and dyeing techniques for non-traditional flowers

The naturalized Indian flora comprises a wide variety of ornamental trees, shrubs, climbers, herbaceous plants, etc. These plants are not suitable for use either as cut flower or foliage. However, they can be dehydrated to preserve their natural beauty (Anonymous, 2003) and used in the dry flower industry. India is the fifth largest exporter of dried flowers and contributes export to the tune of 5% in the world trade (Sellam et al., 2014). The dry flower industry in India is a 100% export oriented industry with highest contribution from Tamil Nadu. Almost all the raw plant materials used are from under exploited plants growing in their natural habitats like forests and hillocks. To popularize this industry and to exhibit the true value of local flora an experiment was conducted at the Horticultural College and Research Institute, Periyakulam to standardize drying, bleaching and dyeing techniques for non-traditional flowers. Commonly available flowering climbers, shrubs and trees like Wedelia trilobata, Clitoria ternatea, Mussandea luteola, Caesalpinia pulcherrima, Caesalpinia pulcherrima ‘Flava’, Mussaenda luteola, Hamelia patens, Thryallis glauca, Ixora duffii, Ixora coccinea, Caesalpinia pulcherrima ‘Rosea’, Saraca indica, Cordia sebestena and Cassia glauca were taken up for the study. Among non-traditional flowers, Wedelia trilobata, (climber), Mussaenda luteola (shrubs) dried with silica gel and Cassia glauca (trees) dried by microwave oven drying was most suitable for dry flower processing with highest dry weight, lowest moisture loss and least change in pigment levels, enzyme levels, epicuticular wax and percentage of leachates. Quickest drying was achieved when drying was carried out in microwave oven. Bleaching using 100% sodium chlorite showed best results. The colour uptake was high and colour fading low for Clitoria ternatea dyed with natural yellow dyes, Mussaenda luteola dyed with red, blue and yellow natural dyes and Cassia glauca dyed with natural yellow dyes.

Comparison of Antioxidant Activity and Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Gardenia Jasminoides with Three Different Regional Sources (P17-005-19)

ObjectivesTo compare the antioxidant activity and free radical scavenging activity of three different regional sources of Gardenia Jasminoides MethodsGardenia Jasminoides grown in multiple regions in Asia (mainly in China and Korea) was commonly used as a natural yellow dye, and has been one of the popular traditional Chinese medicines since the discovery of its biological property a few decades ago. In this experiment, three different samples were used; GJ dry mass powder from South Korea (GK), GJ dry mass powder from China (GC), GJ extract powder(extracted with 50% ethanol and ended by dry freeze process) from dry mass powder from South Korea. (GE). To investigate the antioxidant activities, we employed the following parameters: DPPH radical scavenging activity, ABTS radical scavenging activity, Total polyphenol content, and Total flavonoid content. Total polyphenol content was based on gallic acid standard curve and total flavonoid content was measured using quercetin as standard. The DPPH radical scavenging activity was experimented using 1 mM DPPH methanol standard solution (the solution standardized in O.D value of 0.95∼0.99 at 525 nm), and the ABTS scavenging activity was carried out using ABTS standardradical stock solution (the solution standardized in the O.D. value 0.7 ± 0.02 at 734 nm). ResultsThe DPPH radical scavenging activity is highest in ethanol extract powder (88.8%) and lowest in dry mass China powder (65.5%). The ABTS radical scavenging activity is highest in ethanol extract powder (100.2%) and lowest in dry mass China powder (98.4%) with no significant differences among samples. In total polyphenol contents assay, China dry mass powder showed the highest contents of 3.0 g GAE/100 g, and the lowest contents of 1.5 g GAE/100 g dry mass powder(Korea) (GAE: gallic acid equivalent). In total flavonoid contents assay, the highest content is in China dry mass powder with 35.4 g QE/100 g dry mass powder, and the lowest content was observed in domestic South Korea powder of 10.2 g QE/100 g dry mass powder (QE: quercetin equivalent). ConclusionsAlthough China dry mass GJ powder showed the highest polyphenol and flavonoids contents, the free radical scavenging activity was observed highest in ethanol extract powder of GJ. Thus we may suggest that the extraction method would be a powerful way to get improved antioxidant activity and free radical scavenging activity of the raw GJ products according to the purpose of study. Funding SourcesDepartment of Food and Nutrition, Sookmyung Women’s University, Republic of Korea.

Focusing on the Pharmacological Effects of Iridoids and Crocetin and Its Ester Derivatives of Gardenia jasminoides

Gardenia jasminoides (G. jasminoides), grown in multiple regions in China, was commonly used as a natural yellow dye but has been one of the popular traditional Chinese medicines since the discovery of its biological property few decades ago. It has been reported that G. jasminoides possesses multiple bioactivities, such as anti-oxidant property, hypoglycemic effect, and inhibition of inflammation, anti-depression, and improving sleeping quality. In this review, we aimed to have a comprehensive summary of its phytochemistry including the extraction, isolation, and characterization of volatiles and bioactive molecules in G. jasminoides, focusing on the two major phytochemicals, iridoids and crocetin, and its ester derivatives, which exhibit potential medicinal properties. Furthermore, this work attempted to establish a structure activity relationship (SAR) between the two major series of derivatives with different molecular skeletons and their biological activities, which would serve further exploration of the health-promoting potentials of phyto-compounds in G. jasminoides as dietary supplements or functional ingredients in medical foods.

Effect of MWCNT's concentration in TiO2 based DSSC and degradation study of the cell

In this paper, the effect of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) concentration on a TiO2 based dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC) has been demonstrated along with the degradation study of the cell. Introducing MWCNTs into the semiconductor material reduces the resistance of the host material as well as enhances the thermal and electrical conductivity, mechanical strength, and flexibility. As the concentration of MWCNTs in TiO2 is increased, the cell efficiency also increased gradually until it reached an optimum concentration of 0.015 wt. %. A further increase in MWCNT's concentration in TiO2 leads to the negative effect of the DSSC's cell parameters by decreasing the short-circuit current and the fill factor, thus decreasing the overall cell efficiency. This result has been obtained by using a natural yellow dye extracted from turmeric (Curcuma longa). Without MWCNT incorporation, TiO2 has the cell efficiency of 0.921%, but for the optimum concentration of MWCNT incorporation, TiO2 has the maximum cell efficiency of 1.653%. Finally, the degradation study of the cell has been carried out for 360 hours.

Improvement of efficiency of Dye Sensitized Solar Cells by optimizing the combination ratio of Natural Red and Yellow dyes

To improve the efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs),light absorption properties of organic dye must be tuned to have a maximum response throughout visible and near infra-red spectrum. This work is focused on the study of DSSC based on the combination of red (Red spinach) and yellow (Turmeric) natural dyes used as sensitizers for semiconductor TiO2 as electron conductor in order to improve the efficiency.Combination of natural dye with optimized choice of the agents indicated improved photovoltaic impacts contrasted with single individual dye sensitization and increased the absorption of solar light and allowed utilization of the photon energy more efficiently.Power conversion efficiency (η %) of natural yellow dye extracted from turmeric (Curcuma longa) was obtained 0.378% and for natural red dye extracted from red spinach (Amaranthusdubius) was 0.134%.The maximum open circuit voltage (VOC = 499.3 mV) and the short circuit current-density (JSC = 4.264 mA cm−2) were obtained from DSSC sensitized by the optimum combination of 60% yellow (Turmeric) and 40% red (Red Spinach) and corresponding maximum efficiency (η %) was reached 1.078%. Thus efficiency with combined dyes is about 2.85 and 8.04 times higher than that of the efficiency of individual single yellow and red dyes, respectively.

Gambogic Acid and Its Analogs Inhibit Gap Junctional Intercellular Communication.

Gap junctions (GJs) are intercellular channels composed of connexins. Cellular molecules smaller than 1 kDa can diffuse through GJs by a process termed gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC), which plays essential roles in various pathological and physiological conditions. Gambogic acid (GA), a major component of a natural yellow dye, has been used as traditional medicine and has been reported to have various therapeutic effects, including an anti-cancer effect. In this study, two different GJ assay methods showed that GA and its analogs inhibited GJIC. The inhibition was rapidly reversible and was not mediated by changes in surface expression or S368 phosphorylation of Cx43, cellular calcium concentration, or redox state. We also developed an assay system to measure the intercellular communication induced by Cx40, Cx30, and Cx43. Dihydrogambogic acid (D-GA) potently inhibited GJIC by Cx40 (IC50 = 5.1 μM), whereas the IC50 value of carbenoxolone, which is known as a broad spectrum GJIC inhibitor, was 105.2 μM. Thus, D-GA can act as a pharmacological tool for the inhibition of Cx40.

Effect of various dyeing conditions on pure natural yellow dye from Turmeric for dyeing of wool yarn

Effect of various dyeing conditions on pure natural yellow dye from Turmeric for dyeing of wool yarn

Colorful hair dyes from blackcurrants

It has been said that blondes have more fun, but thanks to some clever chemistry, the hottest hair hue could soon be blackcurrant. Researchers at the University of Leeds, led by Richard S. Blackburn and Christopher M. Rayner, have developed a natural hair dye made with anthocyanins extracted from the piquant berries’ skins (J. Ag. Food Chem. 2018, DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b01044). The skins are generated as waste from the production of Ribena, a blackcurrant cordial that’s popular in the U.K. Using a water-based process and special filters, the researchers were able to collect the anthocyanins. If applied at a pH of about 4, the dye will color hair red. Application at a pH of 6 leads to a blue color. Combining the anthocyanins with natural yellow dyes produces a range of browns. The color is semipermanent, washing out after about a dozen shampoos. Blackburn and Rayner believe the blackcurrant dyes offer

Study of the effect of variation in temperature and pH on the adsorption process of natural Gardenia yellow dye into TiO2 mesoporous for dye sensitized solar cells using the statistical physics formalism: Physicochemical and thermodynamic investigation

In this paper, three adsorption isotherms of natural yellow Gardenia dye, at three different temperatures and at three pH values, were fitted by models established through statistical physics treatment. A double-layer model with two energies is able to give good fitting of these experimental data. Four physicochemical parameters are involved in the fitting of the experimental adsorption isotherms such as the number of adsorbed dye molecules per site n, the density of receptor sites Nm and the two energetic parameters C1 and C2. From the numerical simulation, the number of molecules per site showed that the adsorbate molecules have two anchorage positions parallel and nonparallel respectively when pH and temperature vary. The variation of the adsorbed quantity at saturation with temperature shows the exothermic nature of aggregation process of the natural Gardenia yellow dye. In the case of variation of pH, the acidic conditions are more favorable for the adsorption process. The numerical values of the calculated adsorption energies have revealed that the Gardenia yellow dye is physisorbed onto TiO2 mesoporous. A new method based on Kelvin equation in liquid phase has been developed to determine the pore size distribution (PSD) of TiO2 mesoporous in comparison with other experimental measurements. The result of PSD shows a significant effect of the variation with temperature and with pH values on the morphology of pore size structure. Finally, the calculated thermodynamic functions such as entropy, free enthalpy and internal energy exhibited that the system evolved spontaneously.

Spectrum of colors from reseda luteola and other natural yellow dyes

Spectrum of colors from reseda luteola and other natural yellow dyes

Simultaneous dyeing and functionalization of silk with three natural yellow dyes

Three natural yellow dyes, namely Rheum emodi, Gardenia yellow and curcumin, were applied to the simultaneous dyeing and functionalization of silk. Their dyeing properties and functionalities as well as the effects of post-mordanting on the hue, color fastness and functionalities of dyeings were compared, and the correlations between the chemical structures and application characteristics of dyes were revealed. The three dyes exhibited large variations in dyeing and mordanting properties, and functionalities. Curcumin displayed the greatest coloring power. The uptake of Gardenia yellow was most sensitive to the pH of dyebath. Gardenia yellow and curcumin had much higher building-up ability than R. emodi with anthraquinone structures. Gardenia yellow possessed the highest fastness ratings, while curcumin and R. emodi showed poor wet rub fastness and wash fastness for staining. Curcumin imparted the highest antioxidant activity to silk because of its high adsorption and two phenolic hydroxyl groups in its structure and also gave the highest UV protection ability. Curcumin and R. emodi provided higher antibacterial activities than Gardenia yellow. The post-mordanting with ferrous and ferric salts exerted great influence on the color parameters, color fastness and UV protection ability of dyeings. This study points out that the common dyeing process of three natural yellow dyes can impart the color and functional properties to silk.