Natural Teeth Research Articles

Natural Tooth Wear Opposing to Different Prosthetic Crown Materials

Natural Tooth Wear Opposing to Different Prosthetic Crown Materials

The effect and approach of dentures on the nutritional state of the elderly

The absence of natural teeth presents considerable hurdles in consuming certain foods that demand efficient chewing, rendering elderly individuals vulnerable to malnutrition. Studies have reported malnutrition rates among this group ranging from 2% to 10%. Several factors contribute to this issue, including tooth loss itself, diminished masticatory function, and age-related alterations in taste sensitivity and saliva production. This review delves into the significant effect of dentures on the nutritional well-being of elderly individuals, shedding light on the challenges posed by edentulism, or complete tooth loss. The review underscores the crucial role of integrating dietary guidance into the prosthodontic treatment of edentulous patients. Personalized dietary counselling emerges as a vital strategy to rectify nutrient imbalances and enhance oral and overall health. Key recommendations encompass embracing a diverse array of foods while also moderating salt, fat, and sugar consumption. Furthermore, promoting the intake of hydrating fluids such as water, juice, and milk is essential. Continuous monitoring and support are emphasized as indispensable components for ensuring enduring dietary improvements among this vulnerable population. In conclusion, this review underscores the imperative of addressing the nutritional implications of dentures in the elderly and advocates for a comprehensive approach to safeguarding their dietary health.

Perceptions of care-dependent older people in nursing homes about their oral health and oral care

Background: Oral health is associated with general health but often remains neglected in residential care settings. Integration of oral care into general care is necessary, but literature shows that appropriate oral care is hampered by multiple barriers. Among older people, attitudes towards oral health and oral care are poor, as they are often unaware of the importance of oral health. The lack of ability to perform their own oral care, due to ageing, is also a perceived barrier. This study is part of research on the implementation of the new Oral Health Section (OHS) in the interRAI assessment of general care needs of nursing home residents. The aim of the study is to identify older people’s experiences with their own oral health, with the oral care performed, their perception of the importance of oral care, as well as their meaning about the assessment of their oral health using. 
 Setting and participants: Care-dependent older people living in 3 Flemish nursing homes. 
 Methods: In-depth interviews were performed and the Oral Health-Related Quality of Life 14 (OHIP-14) instrument was completed. This validated instrument measures the degree of self-rated oral health and satisfaction with the oral health status. The OHS was also filled out, which assesses whether they need assistance with daily oral hygiene care (Oral Hygiene CAP) and whether they need to be referred to a dentist (Dentist CAP). Interviews were coded, validated and discussed by 2 researchers and analysed in the software Nvivo1.7.
 Results: A total of 22 care-dependent older people were interviewed. The mean age of the sample was 84.5 (± 8.2 SD) and 63.6% were female. A total of 11 participants (50%) had no teeth but wore dentures; the others still had their natural teeth. The mean score of the OHIP-14 was 3.9 (range 0-56), indicating good scores for oral health-related quality of life. All older people who still had their natural teeth found it important to keep them in the future. Most older people were satisfied with their own oral health (81.8%), although, according to the results of the CAPs, 86.4% of them scored poorly on the assessment of oral hygiene and 68.2% needed immediate referral to a dentist. This shows that older people tend to overestimate their own oral health and are often satisfied, despite having several oral health problems.
 Conclusions/implications: The study provided information about the perceptions and experiences of older people regarding their oral health and oral care. Learning about their experiences and perceptions can help to identify their wishes and needs, making it possible to improve daily oral care and proactively develop strategies to provide effective dental care for the future older population. Policy makers can use these results to foster the integration of oral care guidelines into care protocols within nursing homes, as well as support collaboration with dentists and dental hygienists within care facilities.

Biomimetic Materials in Pediatric Dentistry: From Past to Future.

“Biomimetics” is the field of science that uses the natural system of synthesizing materials through biomimicry. This method can be widely used in dentistry for regeneration of dental structures and replacement of lost dental tissues. This is a review paper that states its scope, history, different fields of biomimetic dentistry, and its future conditions in India. With Biomimetic dentistry, only the damage and decay are removed from the teeth, and the final restoration is bonded to the remaining healthy natural tooth structure. The scope of biomimetic dentistry in India is enormous in the near future. It is the designing of biomaterials that simulates physical and mechanical properties of the lost tissue, thus providing an opportunity to introduce and change treatment modalities for the disease. Biomimetic dentistry is an interdisciplinary approach and has potential for transforming everyday dental practice. It brings the power of modern biological, chemical, and physical science to solve real clinical problems. Biomimetics provides a new strategy that translates our knowledge of biological structures and functions and creates new synthetic pathways to mimic biological processes.

Mechanical plaque removal in step-1 of care.

Maintaining a regular oral hygiene routine is essential for taking care of our mouths, ensuring healthy teeth, and achieving fresh breath. Patient education on oral hygiene is an important component of their overall treatment. Firstly, patients should be informed about the direct connection between bacteria in dental plaque and oral diseases. It is important for patients to understand that these conditions can be treated, but the success of treatment greatly depends on their level of oral hygiene. This journey begins by selecting the appropriate toothbrush and mastering the correct brushing technique to effectively remove dental plaque while avoiding any potential damage to the gums. In addition to toothbrushes, there are other devices available for comprehensive dental cleaning, such as floss, interdental sticks, interdental brushes, and oral irrigators. These aids are particularly beneficial for eliminating dental plaque from hard-to-reach areas. Moreover, tongue brushing or tongue scraping can effectively reduce breath odor and tongue coating. Currently, self-care recommendations for dental implants are primarily based on existing knowledge regarding natural teeth cleaning. Evidence-based recommendations are derived from comprehensive systematic evaluation of various oral hygiene aids.

Quality of Fixed Dental Prostheses and Patient Satisfaction in a Sample From Saudi Arabia.

The objective of the study was to retrospectively assess the clinical performance of dental prostheses, single crowns, and three-unit bridges to identify clinical biological and mechanical complications in the Ha'il province of Saudi Arabia. The study was conducted between March 2021 to October 2021 and included 421 patients who underwent crown and tooth-supported fixed partial denture (FPD) procedures at the Dental Polyclinics Center in the Ha'il region of Saudi Arabia from 2010-2020. The planned sampling approach was applied. Patients who underwent crown and FPD placements at the dental center within the scheduled period were identified through clinical assessments. The inclusion criteria were met by patients with three-unit FPDs and a single crown containing a natural contralateral tooth or teeth. A total of six general dentists conducted clinical exams. Patient satisfaction and technical and biological issues were the evaluation criteria for crowns and FPDs. The frequency and percentage of the various characteristics employed in the current investigation were ascertained using cross-tabulation. The Chi-square test was employed to assess the associations between categorical variables, with p-values≤ 0.05 considered significant. Results: Marginal integrity was recorded in 332 participants (78.9%), which was satisfactory for the majority of the restoration. The acceptance morphology was present in 252 (59.9%) restorations. The highest rate of the restorations 274 (66.2%) had satisfactory color. In 86 cases (20.4%), there was visible periodontal depth of at least 5 mm. Three hundred and six (72.7%) of the fixed restorations had gingival bleeding connected to them, and 96 (22.8%) teeth had periapical lesions. A total of 311 patients (73.9%) reported they were satisfied with their fixed restorations. The technical and biological complications noted in the current study were not higher compared with other studies of crowns and fixed dental prostheses. The majority of patients were satisfied with the restoration.

“Comparative Evaluation of Fracture Resistance of Custom Cast Post and Core, Pre-Fabricated Post and Core and CAD/CAM Fabricated Post and Core: An In-Vitro Study”

The aim of the study was to compare and evaluate fracture resistance of Custom Cast post and core, Pre-fabricated post and core and CAD/CAM fabricated post and core. Material and Methods: 60 transparent endoblocks with single root canal that simulated natural teeth were randomly divided into 3 groups of 20 endoblocks each. The working length of the root canal in the transparent endobloc was determined. The canals were prepared with K-file sizes 10,15 and 20 followed by Protaper Ni-Ti files (sizes S1, S2, F1 and F2); Dentsply by using the crown down technique to the full working length. Gutta percha was removed from the root canals with Peeso drills to a depth of 12 and post spaces were prepared in all groups with the special preparation drills of each system leaving 5mm of gutta percha in all specimens. For group 1, after root canal treatment of 20 samples, Prefabricated plastic burnout posts were coated with pattern resin and then inserted into the canal with slight pressure to take the canal impression which was further send for casting followed by using GC gold label glass ionomer resin for luting. For group 2, the Prefabricated EDELWEISS post and core were placed into the canal and the cement was allowed to set. For group 3 impression of the canal was made using pattern resin. The burnout post was scanned with a lab scanner and designing was done using the designing software. CAD-CAM fabricated post and core was placed into the canal and luted with the help of glass ionomer cement. Composite core fabrication was done and the specimens were secured in a universal load-testing machine at an angle of 1300 to the long axis of the tooth. Until fracture occurred, a compressive force was applied at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min. The fracture loads were determined. Mean failure load for each group was recorded in N. Results: The mean fracture load of Group 1, was found to the maximum followed by Group 3 & Group 2 samples, in decreasing order. Conclusion: The mean ......

Rehabilitasi peninggian dimensi vertikal oklusi pada kasus kehilangan gigi sebagian dengan atrisi

Background: In this modern era, patients are increasingly critical of perfect results, we as dentists are required to work systematically. Correct centric and eccentric occlusion relationships are very important in the construction of removable dentures. Errors at the stage of determining jaw relations, especially the vertical dimensions, can cause the artificial teeth to be uncomfortable for the patient to use or have the long-term potential to damage elements of the stomatognathic system. Objective: In this case report, it is hoped that we can distinguish which cases require an increase in the vertical dimension and which do not, as well as knowing how to carry out the procedure for increasing the vertical dimension in cases where the teeth have experienced attrition resulting in a decrease in the vertical dimension. Case: A patient who had experienced attrition of the lower anterior teeth and was exacerbated by loss of the upper anterior teeth, resulting in a decrease in the vertical dimension. Case management: Rehabilitation to increase the vertical dimension was carried out first using an interim acrylic partial denture and enameloplasty of the lower anterior teeth. After the patient adapts, a metal frame partial denture is made as a definitive denture and a fixed denture on the remaining natural teeth to maintain the vertical dimensions that have been obtained. Conclusion: The key to success in this case is an accurate and systematic treatment plan, with an increase in the vertical dimension, as well as good communication with the patient.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ORAL HEALTH AND COGNITIVE FUNCTION: EVIDENCE FROM THE LASI

Abstract The present study aimed to examine the association between oral health and cognitive function among older adults in India. Data for the study were selected from the Longitudinal Aging Survey of India (LASI, 2017-2019) and the LASI Diagnostic Assessment of Dementia (LASI-DAD) and 4,096 respondents aged 60 and above were included. Oral health was measured by self-reported physician-diagnosed oral health problems including presence of painful teeth, ulcers for more than two weeks, bleeding gums, swelling gums, loose teeth, dental cavities or caries, soreness or cracks in the corners of the mouth, or other problems as well as edentulism (i.e., losing all natural teeth, some natural teeth, or no teeth). A higher number of these problems indicated a more complex oral health condition. Cognitive function was measured by the standardized total score of all cognitive tests in the Harmonized Cognitive Assessment Protocol (HCAP). Binomial logistic regression models were used to analyze the relationship between the diagnosis of oral health problems and cognitive function. Results showed that having one or more oral health problems was associated with lower scores on cognitive function (β=-0.16, p=0.04), after controlling for sociodemographic characteristics and health status. There was no significant association between edentulism and cognitive function. Findings of the study suggest that oral health is integral to long-term overall health, specifically cognitive function. Our findings highlight the importance of educating older individuals about the connection between oral health and cognitive function along with the need for broadening their access to oral health care in India.

SOCIAL STRUCTURAL DISPARITIES IN DENTAL CARE UTILIZATION AMONG ADULTS IN CHINA’S MEGACITIES

Abstract This study utilized data from the “2019 New Era and Living Conditions in Megacities Survey” to investigate social structural disparities in dental care utilization among adults aged 18-65 from 10 megacities in China. Logistic regressions were conducted to examine the relationships between social structural factors, such as hukou status, occupational status, migrant status, and city of residence, and dental care utilization. Margins post estimation was used to explore whether the social structural disparities in dental care utilization were associated with changes in oral health status. Results showed that only 22.36% of participants had at least one dental visit per year. Having urban hukou as compared with rural hukou (OR, 1.76; 95% CI, 1.47-2.12), working in state-owned enterprise as compared with in other enterprises (OR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.14-1.57), and living in more developed cities as compared with in less developed cities (OR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.27-1.72) were associated with a higher likelihood of regular dental visits. Additionally, participants with urban hukou and those living in more developed cities were more likely to have regular dental visits when their oral health was good, such as when they had full natural teeth. This study highlights social structural disparities in oral health behaviors among adults in China’s megacities. The findings suggest that efforts should be made to improve dental care utilization by promoting public messaging about oral health knowledge, expanding dental care coverage, and improving access to dental care services in China.

Assessing dentists’ awareness of the orthodontic–restorative interface

ObjectivesAwareness of the interface between restorative and orthodontic treatments is essential for dentists to facilitate a meaningful interdisciplinary approach by integrating the knowledge and skills of different dental disciplines into patients’ treatment to enhance outcomes. The aim of this study was to investigate General Dental Practitioners’ (GDPs) awareness of the orthodontic–restorative interface. MethodsThis was a mixed-method study involving the collection of a) quantitative data via a bespoke online questionnaire and b) qualitative data through open questions. A weblink was created to the questionnaire using Opinio®. The questionnaire was distributed to GDPs practising in the UK. Clinical vignette-based questions assessed GDPs awareness and the results were categorised into two groups: aware and unaware. Two months after the primary survey, respondents were sent an email with follow-up (reliability) survey. Reliability responses were compared against the primary responses to assess the repeatability using intraclass correlation coefficient. Data were analysed using independent t-test and X2 test. Results118 complete responses were received. 63 GDPs (53.4 % [95 % CI 44 %–63 %]) demonstrated a good understanding of the orthodontic–restorative interface. These GDPs were characterised by greater age (t = 2.75, p = 0.007) and experience (t = 3.54, p < 0.001). Qualitative data showed that respondents perceived orthodontic-restorative treatments as minimally invasive and aesthetics enhancing. ConclusionsOrthodontic-restorative treatment aids in minimal invasive dentistry. GDPs lack adequate awareness of the orthodontic–restorative interface in relation to patient care and communication with patients. More quality and structured undergraduate and postgraduate training are imperative to facilitate GDPs to understand and utilise aspects of orthodontic-restorative treatments to raise the standard of patient care. Additionally, to support these patients, the educational pathway between GDPs and specialist orthodontists is crucial. Clinical SignificanceGDPs ability to assess and carry out orthodontic-restorative treatments would conserve natural teeth. Dependable access to orthodontic services would encourage GDPs to refer challenging cases to specialists or dentists with enhanced skills. When the circumstances call for it, patients should be given orthodontic-restorative alternatives, regardless of the potential consequences of their acceptance of the procedures.

Are Tooth and Ceramic Fractures Different Sides of the Same Coin? A Report of Two Clinical Cases.

Two clinical cases involving the fracture of a natural tooth and one of a ceramic crown are presented and discussed based on fractography principles. In the first case, a patient reported intense pain in a sound third molar where a longitudinal fracture was identified, and the tooth was extracted. In the second case, a posterior rehabilitation using a lithium silicate ceramic crown was carried out, and the patient returned after 1 year with a fractured piece of the crown. Both were analyzed under microscopy to identify the origins of fractures and their causes. The fractures were critically analyzed so that relevant information could be generated from the laboratory to the clinic.

New measure of functional tooth loss for successful Oral ageing: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundThis cross-sectional study evaluated the impacts of functional tooth loss on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) among elderly people compared with the impacts of several common indicators of oral health. Additionally, the cut-off of functional tooth loss needed for a better OHRQoL was investigated to establish a new measure for successful oral ageing.MethodsData from people aged 65–74 were extracted from the Fourth National Oral Health Survey in Sichuan, China. Functional tooth loss was defined as both natural tooth loss and nonfunctional teeth, such as third molars, residual roots, and removable dentures. The cut-offs of tooth loss were first identified as 12, based on the previous definition of functional dentition (≥20 natural teeth except the third molars), and 14, 16, or 18 for further investigation. OHRQoL was evaluated by the standardized Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (sGOHAI) score. Logistic regression was performed to estimate the impacts on OHRQoL. Additionally, subgroup analyses were conducted using the stratified chi-square test to explore the effect of functional tooth loss at each position.ResultsThe mean GOHAI score of the 744 participants was 48.25 ± 7.62. Elderly people who had lost ≤12 functional teeth had greater odds of reporting a higher sGOHAI score than those who had lost more functional teeth (odds ratio (OR) 1.49, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.05–2.11). No significant difference in the sGOHAI score was detected between people who had lost 13–16 functional teeth and those who had lost ≤12 functional teeth (0.61, 0.35–1.07). The loss of second premolars and first and second molars had great impacts on the sGOHAI score when ≤12 or ≤ 16 functional teeth had been lost.ConclusionsCompared with natural tooth loss, functional dentition and occluding pairs, functional tooth loss can be a better indicator of OHRQoL in the elderly population. Sixteen remaining functional teeth seem to be sufficient to maintain good OHRQoL and successful oral ageing despite that number being previously acknowledged as ≥20 teeth.

REHABILITATION OF AGENESIA 2.2 WITH PRAM INVOLVEMENT. CASE REPORT

Dental implants in dental agenesis are an effective and sustainable solution for replacing missing teeth in patients who have not developed some or more teeth permanently. Dental agenesis is a condition in which one or more teeth do not form or erupt normally. In the case of dental agenesis, dental implants can be used to replace missing teeth, giving the patient an aesthetic smile and the necessary functionality during chewing and speaking. Here are some important discussions about dental implants in the dental agency: Individual evaluation: Each patient with dental agenesis will be evaluated individually by the dentist. Issues such as the number and position of missing teeth, bone quality, and patient orofacial structure will be analyzed. The personalized treatment of each patient with dental agenesis has a unique situation, and the treatment of dental implants is personalized according to the needs and anatomy of the patient. Dental implants offer a predictable and sustainable treatment option. The stability of dental implants is anchored directly in the jaw or mandibular bone, providing stability and functionality similar to natural teeth. This allows patients to chew and speak without discomfort or restrictions. Aesthetic dental implants can be designed to match the teeth and shape of the patient's face, thus contributing to the nature of the aesthetics of the smile. They can be made with high quality materials and can be customized according to the color and shape of the patient's teeth. Preserving the bone structure of dental implants helps maintain the health of the jaw bones

Comparative evaluation of wear resistance between lithium disilicates and polymer infiltrated ceramics manufactured by computer aided design (CAD) computer aided manufacturing (CAM) against natural tooth enamel

Advances in CAD/CAM technology led to development of monolithic all ceramic restorations with superior esthetics like Lithium disilicate. But the major concern of ceramic materials was its wear towards the opposing enamel. Polymer infiltrated ceramics were developed by incorporating resin polymer in ceramics to produce esthetic stability of ceramics and low abrasive nature of composites and very few studies were done on this material. A total of 30 disc specimens were fabricated by CAD/CAM .15 discs of CAD/CAM lithium disilicate (IPS E.max CAD) and 15 discs of Polymer infiltrated ceramics of dimensions 10mmx3mm. They were named as group 1 (CAD/CAM Lithium disilicate) and group 2(Polymer infiltrated ceramics). 30 tooth specimens were mounted on auto polymerising acrylic resin blocks. Tooth specimens were placed on the upper member of the two body wear testing machine (Pin on disc wear and friction test rig, Magnum) and Lithium disilicate and polymer infiltrated ceramic disc specimens were positioned on disc of wear testing apparatus under constant load of 5kg (49N). The specimens were made to rub against one another in a rotating cycle to simulate oral wear cycle. The test was run for total of 10,000 wear cycles at 30rpm on wear machine for each sample. Wear of group 1 and group 2 and enamel wear of group 1 and group 2 was measured before and after wear test by profile projector.Wilcoxon test was done to compare the groups. Results showed that wear was greater in group 1 (Polymer infiltrated ceramics) compared to group 2 (CAD/CAM Lithium disilicate) and enamel wear of group 1 was greater than enamel wear of group 2. Advances in CAD/CAM technology led to development of aesthetic all ceramic restorations with superior mechanical properties such as CAD/CAM Lithium disilicate. But the major concern of ceramic materials is wear towards the opposing enamel. To meet the above requirements polymer infiltrated ceramics are developed by incorporating resin polymer in ceramics to produce esthetic stability of ceramics and low abrasive nature of composites. The restorative materials should not cause wear to opposing enamel and also should possess wear resistance similar to enamel for its success and longevity. This study was performed to evaluate the wear resistance of CAD/CAM lithium disilicate and Polymer infiltrated ceramics against natural teeth enamel.

Evaluation of the effectiveness and practicality of erbium lasers for ceramic restoration removal: A retrospective clinical analysis

Background The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness and practicality of erbium lasers in the removal of ceramic restorations and appliances from natural teeth and dental implant abutments in clinical practice. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted, involving 29 clinical cases with a total of 52 abutments requiring the removal of various ceramic restorations. The analysis evaluated the clinical procedures performed, including the type and material of the prosthetic, the type of cement used, laser setting parameters, retrieval time, and retrieval success. Results Out of the 52 abutments, 50 were successfully retrieved without causing any damage (&gt;95%) using either an Er,Cr:YSGG laser (N = 6) or an Er:YAG laser (N = 46). In one case, a crown was partially sectioned to prevent any negative impact of laser irradiation on the adhesive strength between the post and tooth, and in another case, a fracture occurred during debonding. The restorations consisted of 13 lithium disilicate and 39 zirconia units, including six veneers, 38 single crowns, and three fixed partial dentures (FPDs). The retrieval time varied depending on the restoration type, material thickness, cement type, retention form/fitting of the abutment and restoration, ranging from 2.25 ±0.61 minutes for veneers, 6.89 ±8.07 minutes for crowns, to 25 ±10 minutes per abutment for FPDs. Removal of a zirconia crown required more time, 7.12±8.91 minutes, compared to a lithium disilicate crown, 5.86 ±2.41 minutes. The debonding time was influenced by the laser settings as well as materials and types of prosthesis. Conclusions Erbium lasers present a safe and effective alternative to invasive methods for removing ceramic restorations, without causing harm to the abutment or prosthesis. Laser-assisted debonding allows for recementation of the restorations during the same appointment, making it a conservative and viable option for ceramic crown retrieval in clinical settings.

Obturator hygiene among patients with maxillary defects at two teaching hospitals in Ghana

Background: An obturator may be defined as the component of a prosthesis that fits into and closes a defect within the oral cavity or other body defects. Cleaning one’s obturator is essential to prevent offensive odour, poor aesthetics, the accumulation of plaques, and damage to both natural and prosthetic teeth due to bacteria contamination in the oral cavity.Aim: The study aimed to determine how palatal obturator wearers practice good obturator cleaning habits.Method: A cross-sectional study design was used for this study. A sample size of 40 palatal obturator wearers was used. Data was collected using a well-structured questionnaire. The questionnaire included demographic data (age, sex, educational level, occupation and years of wearing a prosthesis, obturator cleaning habits, obturator cleaning methods, and obturator wearing habits. The data were summarized using Descriptive statistics with tables and charts and analyzed using a chi-square test from Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 22.0) and Microsoft Office Excel 2016 at p-value&lt; 0.05.Results: Sixteen (40%) of the total number were males, and 24(60%) were females giving a male-to-female ratio of 2:3. Twelve (30%) of the participants fell between the ages 31-40 years. Participants with tertiary education have better cleaning habits and knowledge of cleaning agents used. Fifteen (37.5%) participants who had worn a palatal obturator between 1-2 years frequently visited the dental clinic for a check-up; however, this number gradually decreased.Conclusion: The majority of the patients evaluated had good clean habits with their prostheses and the cleaning agents used. However, participants with tertiary education had better prosthesis hygiene and maintenance methods.

Three-dimensional representation of the Vita Toothguide 3D-Master: An in vivo clinical study.

The Vita Toothguide 3D-Master (Vita Zahnfabrik) is considered the dental shade guide in which the three dimensions of color - lightness, hue, and chroma - are most well-ordered in the CIELAB color space. No research has yet explored how well the Vita Toothguide 3D-Master is ordered in the 3D color space by recording color coordinates in vivo. To evaluate the spatial color distribution of the Vita Toothguide 3D-Master's lightness, chroma, and hue groups and its 26 physical shade tabs. The dental color (L*, C*, h°, a*, and b* color coordinates) of a healthy maxillary central incisor was recorded for 1361 participants (aged between 18 and 89 years) using a Vita Easyshade Compact spectrophotometer (Vita Zahnfabrik). The R 2.7.2. statistics program was used to create the visual representations. The five lightness levels are those that are best distributed in the color space, in relation to the L* coordinates, followed by the chroma group and, finally, the hue group. The 5M1, 5M2, and 5M3 physical shade tabs are situated at a greater distance apart from the other tabs in the color space. The Vita Toothguide 3D-Master's 26 physical shade tabs are satisfactorily distributed in three-dimensional space, although strict mathematical criteria are not followed. The natural dental shades that fall lower on the lightness scale are the most poorly represented by the physical shade tabs. Darker teeth are poorly represented by the Vita Toothguide 3D-Master's physical shade tabs. The spatial distribution of dental shade guides needs to be improved to ensure they provide homogeneous coverage of the entire chromatic spectrum corresponding to natural teeth. This would help reduce the errors inherent to the subjective visual color selection process.

The Effect of Strawberries as a Natural Teeth Whitening Agent on Tooth Surface Roughness: In Vitro Study

Teeth whitening due to discoloration can be achieved by methods of bleaching. The material used in bleaching conventional methods can have effects on hard tooth tissue, such as increasing tooth surface roughness. Strawberries (Fragaria x ananassa) have long been known for being effective in whitening teeth. The aim of the research was to determine the effect of strawberries as a natural teeth whitening agent on tooth surface roughness in vitro. This research is an in vitro experiment. The samples were 24 first premolars of the upper jaw and lower jaw, which were divided into two groups. Group 1 (strawberry juice 100%) and group 2 (carbamide peroxide 10%). Testing tooth surface roughness using tools surface roughness tester, then the data was analyzed using statistical test paired t-test and Mann-Whitney. The results of the study showed that the mean and standard deviation of tooth surface roughness before and after application of strawberry fruit juice was 0.37 ± 0.156 and 0.22 ± 0.129, while the 10% carbamide peroxide group obtained the value of tooth surface roughness before and after application was 0.36 ± 0.118 and 0.37 ± 0.263.

A two-year prospective study to compare the peri-implant parameters of posterior implant-supported single crowns with and without mesial proximal contact loss

Background/purposeInterproximal contact loss may lead to food impaction and result in subsequently periodontal complications. The purpose of this prospective study was to investigate the peri-implant parameters of posterior implant-supported single crowns (SCs) with and without mesial proximal contact loss after 2 years of follow-up. Material and methodsTwenty-six patients with a total of 40 posterior implant-supported SCs with mesial adjacent natural teeth were observed for 24 months after crown insertion. The mesial proximal contacts were assessed by dental floss, then were classified as tight, weak, and open contacts. The following peri-implant parameters were evaluated, including modified plaque index (MPI), modified gingival index (MGI), and probing depth (PD) were conducted at six sites per tooth (mesiofacail, midfacial, distofacial, mesiolingual, mid-lingual and distolingual) in the 6-, 12-, 18- and 24-month following visits. Furthermore, radiographs were taken regularly in 12- and 24-month recall sections for measuring the marginal bone loss (MBL). ResultsAt 12-month observation, the incidence rates of weak and open contacts were 22.5 % and 12.5 %; whereas after 24 months of clinical service, the rates came up with 12.9 % and 25.6 %, respectively. No significant differences were found between the tight, weak, and open contact groups in the parameters of MPI, MGI, or PD (P > 0.05) at 12- and 24-month follow-up. None of the mean differences of the peri-implant parameters: MPI, MGI, PD and MBL had significant differences between the tight, weak, and open contact groups after 1 and 2 years of clinical service (P > 0.05). ConclusionThe presence of open, weak, and tight mesial proximal contacts had no significant effects on the peri-implant tissue conditions.