Natural Tidal Flats Research Articles

National scale evaluation of nutrient purification capacity in marine sediments along the coast of South Korea: A mesocosm study based in situ assessment.

The ecosystem regulating services from tidal flats, such as removal of organic pollutants, provided by natural tidal flats are being increasingly recognized, yet quantitative evaluation remains limited. Here we evaluated a nationwide capacity of natural purification in tidal flats. Using in situ sediments from five along the Korean coast (Incheon, Gunsan, Sinan, Gwangyang, and Busan), we applied a mesocosm system informed by 18years of riverine monitoring data from national surveys. In particular, we adopted an integrated approach, analyzing nutrient fluxes, removal rates, and their economic value. The results indicated that in all regions, the water-sediment fluxes of all nutrients showed negative values, indicating the migration of nutrients from the overlying water to the sediment. A significant (p<0.01) difference among regions of water-sediment fluxes was primarily due to exposed nutrient concentrations. Notably, the presence of greater total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) purification capacities in Incheon and Nakdong sediments reflected in remaining loads of river-estuarine continuum. Nationwide, the nutrient purification capacities of Korean tidal flats (2491km2) were estimated at 0.29 Tg N yr-1 and 0.15 Tg P yr-1, equating to economic values of 8.26 billion USD yr-1 and 8.21 billion USD yr-1, respectively. Scaling globally, the economic values for TN and TP removal by tidal flats (124,921km2) reached 414 billion USD yr-1 and 412 billion USD yr-1. Overall, the integrated approach successfully provided the first national-scale evaluation of nutrient removal capacity in tidal flats across Korea, addressing the ecological and economic significance of tidal flats, while underscoring the need for their conservation and management strategies of coastal areas globally.

Integrated assessment of the natural purification capacity of tidal flat for persistent toxic substances and heavy metals in contaminated sediments

Natural purification of pollutants is highly recognized as regulating ecosystem services; however, the purification capacity of tidal flats remains largely unknown and/or unquantified. A 60-day mesocosm transplant experiment was conducted in situ to assess the purification capacity of natural tidal flats. We adopted the advanced sediment quality triad approach, monitoring 10 endpoints, including chemical reduction, toxicity changes, and community recoveries. The results indicated that contaminated sediments rapidly recovered over time, particularly > 50% within a day, then slowly recovered up to ∼ 70% in a given period (60 days). A significant early reduction of parent pollutants was evidenced across all treatments, primarily due to active bacterial decomposition. Notably, the presence of benthic fauna and vegetated halophytes in the treatments significantly enhanced the purification of pollutants in both efficacy and efficiency. A forecast linear modeling further suggested additive effects of biota on the natural purification of tidal flats, reducing a full recovery time from 500 to 300 days. Overall, the triad approach with machine learning practices successfully demonstrated quantitative insight into the integrated assessment of natural purification.

Soil health evaluation approaches along a reclamation consequence in Hangzhou Bay, China

Reclamation has been widely used to alleviate the degradation of cultivated upland and support the increasing grain demand. However, the response of soil ecosystem functioning and soil health to the reclamation of coastal wetlands remains unclear. A reclaimed soil chronosequence over 1000 years in Hangzhou Bay, China, was analyzed to assess two key approaches to evaluate soil health. We used the minimum data set along with the soil quality index (SQI) area and the sensitivity–resistance approaches. The physicochemical properties of the reclaimed soils changed drastically at the initial stage (during the first 60 years) but only marginally thereafter. Owing to continuous freshwater irrigation, plant cultivation, fertilization, and desalination, from natural tidal flats converted to vegetable fields, the SQI and soil multifunctional index increased along the reclamation chronosequence. The soil properties sensitive to the reclamation of coastal wetlands (electrical conductivity, exchangeable potassium, and enzyme activities) explained most of the variation in the SQI area, followed by the resistance indicators. This suggests that small changes in the sensitivity indicators might have considerable impacts on the improvement of soil quality. The most resistant properties with the slowest changes included pH and physical characteristics—water content, bulk density, and aggregate size classes. The quality indicators identified for reclaimed soils in Hangzhou Bay based on the SQI area and sensitivity–resistance approaches can be useful for soil health evaluation for soils affected by natural and anthropogenic factors. These approaches and indicators can be effectively used to evaluate soil quality and develop sustainable agriculture.

Response of Water Environment to Land Reclamation in Jiaozhou Bay, China Over the Last 150 Years

Jiaozhou Bay (JZB), located at Qingdao City, north China, is a semi-enclosed shallow bay that has undergone large-scale land reclamation and is suffering from a deteriorated water environment. Long-term evolution of JZB with respect of coastline, tidal prism, tidal dynamics, water-exchange capacity, and pollutant transport from 1863 to 2020 was investigated in this paper, using remote sensing images, historical charts, and a numerical model. The JZB was predominated by natural evolution from 1863 to 1935, during which the coastline barely changed. Thereafter, human intervention became intense and more and more natural tidal flats were replaced by salt ponds, aquaculture area, and reclamation very quickly. As a result, tidal prism, area of tidal flats, and area of JZB decreased sharply by 0.290 km3, 182 km2, and 223 km2, respectively, from 1935 to 2020, corresponding to annual decreasing rates being of 123 times, 10 times, 12 times, respectively, as that of before 1935. A numerical model showed that the residual current in JZB tended to be weaker due to the change of coastline and bathymetry, which is not favoring the water-exchange and pollutant transport, especially in the northeast of JZB. The basin residence time increased from 15.5 days in 1935 to 17.6 days in 2020, because of weaker residual tidal current and smaller tidal prism. Local residence time increased significantly near the area with large land reclamation, especially in the northeast and west of JZB. Distribution of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), in each year, which is the dominant pollutant in JZB, indicated higher DIN concentration and weaker transport along with reclamation. The research on JZB evolution over the last 150 years can provide useful suggestions for the decision-makers of the local government to improve the marine ecosystem. The systematic method to investigate long-term water environment evolution of JZB can be used to study other semi-closed bays.

Shift in benthic diatom community structure and salinity thresholds in a hypersaline environment of solar saltern, Korea

The community dynamics of benthic diatoms in the hypersaline environment are investigated to advance our understanding how salinity impacts marine life. Diatoms were sampled in the two salterns encompassing salt Ponds, ditches, and seawater reservoirs (n = 11), along the salinity gradient (max = 324 psu), and nearby tidal flats (n = 2). The floral assemblages and distributions across sites and stations showed great variations, with a total of 169 identified taxa. First, not surprisingly, higher diversity of benthic diatoms was found at natural tidal flats than salterns. The saltern diatoms generally showed salinity dependent distributions with distinct spatial changes in species composition and dominant taxa. Biota-environment and principal component analysis confirmed that salinity, mud content, and total nitrogen were key factors influencing the overall benthic community structure. Some dominant species, e.g., Nitzschia scalpelliformis and Achnanthes sp. 1, showed salinity tolerance / preference. The number of diatom species at salinity of >100 psu reduced over half and no diatoms were found at maximum salinity of 324 psu. The highest salinity for the observed live diatoms was 205 psu, however, a simple regression indicated a theoretical salinity threshold of ~300 psu on the survival. Finally, the indicator species were identified along the salinity gradient in salterns as well as natural tidal flats. Overall, high species numbers, varying taxa, and euryhaline distributions of saltern diatoms collectively reflected a dynamic saltern ecosystem. The present study would provide backgrounds for biodiversity monitoring of ecologically important microalgal producers in some unique hypersaline environment, and elsewhere. Key words: benthic diatom; hypersaline; indicator species; salinity gradient; saltern

Natural purification capacity of tidal flats for organic matters and nutrients: A mesocosm study

The regulating services by natural tidal flats to purify organic pollutants are increasingly recognized, but a quantitative assessment is very limited. We developed a mesocosm system to determine removal efficiency of organic matters and nutrients by simulating a natural tidal condition. The tidal flat sediments significantly removed waterborne organic pollutants to background levels in ~2 and 6–7 days for COD and TP, respectively. This rapid removal of organic matters by natural sediments could be attributed to the microbe community degrading the corresponding pollutants. Temporal trend and degree of removal rates for COD and TP were similar between the bare tidal flat and the salt marsh. Meantime, the salt marsh environment removed waterborne DIP much quickly and also efficiently, implying a high affinity of halophytes on dissolved organic matters. Of note, sedimentary organic sink prevailed in defaunated condition under the smaller bioturbation effect. A mini-review on the purification capacity of natural and/or constructed coastal wetlands generally supported a high efficiency of vegetation to remove various sources of organic matters.

Recovery of the benthic bacterial community in coastal abandoned saltern requires over 35 years: A comparative case study in the Yellow Sea

Salt is an essential nutrient for humans, and salterns exist worldwide. Although the construction of salterns has stopped and typical salterns are now mostly abandoned, there has been no research on the ecological recovery of the abandoned salterns. Here, we analyzed the bacterial diversity and community structure in three pairs of abandoned salterns that have undergone 1–35 years of natural restoration and tidal flats to determine the recovery time and process. Partial 16S rRNA sequences were amplified and sequenced to investigate the biodiversity and structure of the bacterial community in sediments collected from abandoned salterns and adjacent natural tidal flats (viz., controls) in the Yellow Sea. The most abundant microorganisms across locations were found to be members of Proteobacteria, ranging from 45 to 72%, which was also a crucial taxon in the bacterial recovery process. The benthic bacterial community of the salterns showed time-dependent recovery, as demonstrated by the similarity between the salterns and controls. Indeed, dissimilarities between bacterial communities were significant for the saltern that had been abandoned for one year, according to ANOSIM (R = 1.0, p < 0.01). The genera that were determined to contribute to the dissimilarity exhibited a significant correlation with the sedimentary phosphorus concentration. The dataset generally supported that the indigenous benthic bacterial community in an altered marine environment might require a considerable time to return to a natural status. Meanwhile, a delay between the recovery of the physicochemical environment and biological component was evidenced, which seemed to influence the recovery time in a site-specific manner. Overall, the present study provided new insight and understanding of the recovery of the benthic bacterial community in abandoned salterns in terms of recovery time and the associated process.

Natural and anthropogenic signatures on sedimentary organic matters across varying intertidal habitats in the Korean waters

Sedimentary organic matters in the typical intertidal areas were investigated to address year-round monthly distributions and site-specific sources. Target areas included four natural tidal flats (Ganghwa, Garolim, Sinan, and Suncheon) and one artificially closed estuary (Nakdong River), South Korea (in 2018). Among the parameters monitored, mud content was a key factor controlling organic matter contents, across varying habitats, with significant positive correlations to total organic carbon (TOC, r = 0.66, p < 0.001) and total nitrogen (TN, r = 0.44, p < 0.001). The elevated TOC and TN contents and heavier carbon stable isotope ratios (δ13C) in sediments of Garolim and Suncheon from February to April reflected the winter microphytobenthos blooms, receiving prevailed marine sources. Whilst, the depleted δ13C and δ15N values in sediments of Nakdong River estuary were observed during flood season (September–October), indicating direct influence of terrestrial organic input through freshwater discharge. Overall, distributions and sources of sedimentary organic matters in the Korean coastal waters suggested variabilities in season and space, with anthropogenic alteration. The data accumulated in this study would provide baseline information for sediment organic carbon stocks in the Korean coastal waters and elsewhere.

Changes in surface soil organic/inorganic carbon concentrations and their driving forces in reclaimed coastal tidal flats

Intensive coastal wetland reclamation in China followed by agricultural use had significant impacts on soil carbon (C) dynamics due to the alterations in soil hydrology and physicochemical properties. The changes in C and its driving factors in reclaimed soils generally concentrated on soil organic C (SOC) and soil inorganic C (SIC) as major subpools of soil C, but this topic has received little attention. In this study, we have assessed the changes in SOC and SIC concentrations (0–20 cm) with reclamation duration and land use change based on 746 surface soil samples collected from three typical reclamation areas (with differences in sediment sources) in eastern China. Key factors driving SOC and SIC dynamics were identified using a random forest model (RF). The results revealed similar SOC concentration (7.24–7.69 g kg−1) and different SIC concentration (7.25–10.9 g kg−1) for the three study areas. Overall, SOC increased with reclamation duration, suggesting a positive impact of tidal flat reclamation on SOC accumulation. For SIC, slight increases in the younger land and dramatic decreases in the older land were observed, indicating a fast IC turnover time. The land impacted strongly by human activities had higher SOC than natural tidal flats. Compared with upland soil, paddy soil resulted in greater OC (except for 10 years reclaimed land in Cixi) and comparable levels of IC. Soil nutrient levels (the concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus) were determined to be important factors for SOC in reclaimed lands. Soil CaO was determined to be the factor with the highest importance in controlling SIC dynamics in reclaimed lands. More attention should be given to the quality of the OC sequestrated by reclaimed soils.

Community structure of benthic macroinvertebrates in reclaimed and natural tidal flats of the Yangtze River estuary

Previous studies have found differences between communities of benthic macroinvertebrates living in constructed tidal flats compared with natural ones. We analyzed the distributional characteristics of benthic macroinvertebrates in a blowing sand reclamation area (Area A), a dike-building silting area (Area B), an out-of-siltation area (Area C), and a natural tidal flat (Area D) in order to characterize the community structure and diversity of benthic macroinvertebrates in a human-disturbed estuarine tidal-flat wetland. A total of 32 benthic macroinvertebrate species were identified (Area A = 7; Area B = 12; Area C = 10; Area D = 27). The diversity index was variable where: Area B < Area C < Area A < Area D. A higher average annual abundance of benthic macroinvertebrates was found at Area B (840.43 ± 569.23) ind/m2 than in Area D (203.00 ± 5.85) ind/m2, Area A (42.87 ± 10.21) ind/m2, and Area C (17.64 ± 1.50) ind/m2. The biomass in Area C (3.18 ± 0.39) g/m2 was lower than in the other areas. One-Way ANOVAs detected significant differences (P< 0.05) in the abundance and biomass within Area B among seasons; however, there were no significant seasonal differences (P > 0.05) in the abundance and biomass of Areas A, C, and D. An abundance/biomass curve showed that the habitat in Areas A, B, and C could be categorized as moderately disturbed, whereas Area D was categorized as undisturbed. The results of cluster analysis suggested distinct assemblages in the four sampling areas. Reclamation raised the altitude of tidal flats, weakening the tidal power and changing the physical and chemical parameters of the water, leading to a change in the community structure of benthic macroinvertebrates.

Alternative habitat: the importance of the Nanpu Saltpans for migratory waterbirds in the Chinese Yellow Sea

SummaryThe natural coastal wetlands of the East Asian-Australasian Flyway (EAAF) are disappearing at alarming rates, leading to rapid declines of many populations of waterbirds in the most species-rich flyway in the world. The identification and assessment of possible alternative habitats that may buffer the loss of natural wetlands should, therefore, be a priority for the conservation of migratory waterbirds using this flyway. Coastal saltpans are functional wetlands that support large numbers of waterbirds worldwide. The Nanpu Saltpans in the northern Bohai Bay of the Yellow Sea in China are one of the largest (290 km2) saltpan complexes in the world. In this paper, we document the value of the Nanpu Saltpans for supporting waterbirds. The surveys, carried out from 2013 to 2016, included waterbird counts in the saltpans (93 km2) at high and low tide and on the adjacent natural tidal flats (57 km2) at low tide. Of the 89 waterbird species recorded, 27 had maximum counts exceeding the 1% threshold value of estimated flyway populations. The maximum counts of waterbirds in northward migration and southward migration in the Nanpu Saltpans were 96,000 and 93,500, respectively, including both foraging and roosting birds; these figures do not account for turnover, so the total number of birds using the site is likely to be higher. The maximum counts on the adjacent tidal flats at low tide amounted to 73,000 and 20,000 waterbirds during northward and southward migration, respectively, and most of them were foraging birds. In the boreal winter, few birds fed in the saltpans, but several thousand fed on the tidal flats. Waterbirds used the inland ponds (2.0–18.0 km from the intertidal area) mainly for feeding both during low tide and high tide and used the nearshore ponds (0.3–4.3 km from the intertidal area) mainly for high-tide roosting. Some species, such as Black-tailed Godwit Limosa limosa, Marsh Sandpiper Tringa stagnatilis, Pied Avocet Recurvirostra avosetta, and Black-winged Stilt Himantopus himantopus, occurred mainly in the saltpans; other species preferred tidal flats, such as Red Knot Calidris canutus, Great Knot Calidris tenuirostris, Bar-tailed Godwit Limosa lapponica, Eurasian Curlew Numenius arquata, Relict Gull Larus relictus, and Grey Plover Pluvialis squatarola. This study clearly demonstrates the joint ecological function of the Nanpu Saltpan complex and adjacent tidal flats as a key staging area for waterbirds in the EAAF, and as such both urgently warrant protected status.

Analysis of forty years long changes in coastal land use and land cover of the Yellow Sea: The gains or losses in ecosystem services

The drastic land cover change and its impacts in the Yellow Sea have long been significant issues in terms of coastal vulnerabilities, but holistic data analysis is limited. The present study first reports 40 years long geographical changes of the Yellow Sea coasts including all three neighboring countries of China, North Korea, and South Korea. We delineated tidal flats by analysis of Landsat series satellite imageries (662 scenes) between 1981 and 2016. A total area of the Yellow Sea tidal flats has been considerably reducing for the past 36 years, from ∼10,500 km2 (1980s) to ∼6700 km2 (2010s), say ∼1% annual loss. A majority loss of tidal flats was mainly due to the grand reclamations that conducted in almost entire coast of the Yellow Sea, particularly concentrated in the 1990s-2000s. Coastal reclaimed area during the past four decades reached ∼9700 km2, including ongoing and planned projects, which corresponds to over half the area of precedent natural tidal flats of the Yellow Sea. The potential carbon stocks in the eight representative regions with large scale reclamation indicated significant loss in carbon sink capacity in the South Korea's coast (∼99%), while evidenced a lesser loss from the China's coast (∼31%). It was noteworthy that the progradation of tidal flats after the reclamation in China's coast significantly reduced the loss of carbon sequestration. According to the ecosystem services valuation for the Yellow Sea, a total loss was estimated as ∼8 billion USD yr−1 with relatively high proportional loss (up to 25%) of climate regulating services (viz., carbon sequestration). Overall, huge losses in ecosystem services being provided by the Yellow Sea natural tidal flats need immediate action to prevent or at least alleviate accelerating ecological deteriorations. Finally, future conservative policy direction on coastal wetlands management has been proposed towards enhancement of marine ecosystem services.

Aquaculture Ponds as Important High-Tide Habitats for Waterbirds Along the West Coast of Taiwan

The populations of many waterbird species along the East Asian-Australasian Flyway (EAAF) are declining, mainly due to the loss of natural wetland. Meanwhile, artificial wetlands, such as aquaculture ponds, saltpans and rice paddies, have increased in area. Artificial wetlands typically host fewer species and fewer individuals of waterbirds compared to natural ones, thus the conservation importance of artificial wetlands in general appears secondary. However, over large areas of densely populated East and Southeast Asia, few coastal lands above the high tide line remain natural. Waterbirds may utilize the natural intertidal zone at low tide, but are forced to feed or roost in artificial environments when tidal flats are submerged. In such landscapes, coastal artificial wetlands are not only supplementary or alternative to natural ones, but provide crucial habitats for waterbirds at high tide.To investigate the use of artificial wetlands by waterbirds in such a landscape, we studied supratidal waterbird communities in Changhua, Taiwan, an important stop over and wintering site on the East Asian-Australasian Flyway. We found very high species richness and abundance of waterbirds in the area compared to other studies conducted in artificial wetlands. This might have been partly due to the fact that we censused waterbirds at high tide, when artificial wetlands were the only habitat available. Waterbird abundance and species richness were higher at sites with intensive clam aquaculture and less fragmentation, reflecting the preference of shorebirds. Despite the fact that past transformation of natural coastal wetlands into artificial ones has had negative impacts on waterbirds, these artificial wetlands nowadays may provide exclusive supratidal habitats for waterbirds in many regions. Suitable artificial supratidal habitats for waterbirds need to be managed along with natural tidal flats as part of the same system.

The Tidal Flat Environments and Experiential Learning Program of Southwest Coast, Korea

Ecosystems of the southwestern tidal flats in Korean peninsula have been seriously injured by human activities. The results are mainly due to the lack of public recognition and education on tidal flats. In particular, thoughtless visitors in tidal flats are giving rise up damages because of non-systematic experience programs to tidal flat ecosystems. Therefore, experience programs friendly to natural tidal flats are necessary as a plan to reserve tidal flats and to enhance the effects of environment education on the flats. Experience learning programs on tidal flats can divide into direct experience, indirect experience and local society works. Direct experience work must undergo tidal flats directly and consider on forming the flats with natural refinement functions. Indirect experience includes deeper knowledge on role, circumstance and ecosystems of the flats on the bases of direct experience on the flats. In addition, local society learning must have the feeling and understanding on socio-cultural characteristics of local society itself through above two works. Experience activity would be a kind of injuring one to tidal flats. However, appropriately planned experience and education works on tidal flats could be sustainable development to attract desirable human activity on coastal ecosystems.

Evaluation of steelmaking slag as basal media for coastal primary producers

The use of granular steelmaking slag as a substitute for natural sand in the construction of tidal flats was investigated. Using an intertidal flat simulator, we evaluated dephosphorization slag mixed with 8% by dry weight of dredged sediment (DPS+DS) as a basal medium for the growth of benthic macro- and microalgae in comparison with silica sand mixed with 8% dredged sediment (SS+DS). Species compositions of macro- and microalgae were distinctly different between DPS+DS and SS+DS. The mean dry weight of macroalgae on DPS+DS was three orders of magnitude higher than that on SS+DS. Sediment shear strength and pH were higher in DPS+DS than in SS+DS or in the sediment of natural tidal flats. These results suggest that DPS contributes to changing the sediment environment, thereby changing the algal composition compared to the composition on natural tidal flats.

Interlinked seasonal variation in biogenic nutrient fluxes and pore-water nutrient concentrations in intertidal sediments

The seasonal variation in biogenic fluxes of NH4 +, PO4 3− and SiO2 calculated from the nutrient excretion rates of dominant bivalves (Ruditapes philippinarum and Arcuatula [=Musculista] senhousia), and pore-water nutrient (NH4 +, PO4 3−, SiO2 and NO3 − + NO2 −), sedimentary acid-volatile sulfide (AVS) and benthic chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentrations was assessed on an intertidal sandflat in the Seto Inland Sea (Japan) from summer 1994 to autumn 1995. In spite of the large variability between sampling dates and stations, significant correlations between biogenic nutrient fluxes and pore-water nutrient concentrations were found, suggesting a seasonal linkage between bivalve-mediated biological processes and chemical features of sediments. This linkage was stronger in surface (0–0.5 cm) than subsurface (0.5–2 cm) sediments, consistent with the autoecological characteristics of R. philippinarum and A. senhousia inhabiting the uppermost sediment layer. Significant temporal variation in pore-water NO3 − + NO2 −, sedimentary AVS and benthic Chl-a concentrations was also found, which was related to both occasional extreme events (e.g., dystrophy) and alternating periods of production and decomposition. This study may serve twofold in (1) contributing to unravel the ecological structure and functioning of natural tidal flats, and the scale of seasonal variability in biotic and sedimentary parameters and (2) providing useful information for assessing the effectiveness of the physico-chemical and biological structure of artificial tidal flats which are growing in number and extension worldwide.

Size-related and seasonal diet of the manila clam (Ruditapes philippinarum), as determined using dual stable isotopes

Stable isotope ratios of lab-cultured Manila clams (Ruditapes philippinarum) and those from natural tidal flats of Seonjae Island in Korea were investigated in terms of their dietary uptake patterns in relation to body size and season. The smallest size group of wild Manila clams revealed significantly depleted δ15N based on the results of a one-way ANOVA. There was significant seasonal change in the proportional contribution of food sources, especially in winter, from benthic particulate organic matter (BPOM) to pelagic particulate organic matter (POM). Laboratory-cultured Manila clams showed growth rates of 6.02–37.75 mm/yr, and smaller-sized clams did not fully utilise the microalgal diets that were provided constantly. Instead, they derived most of their energy from detritus or dead microalgae that had settled on the bottom. Bigger clams, however, exhibited well-balanced source contributions, converting the microalgal diets into biomass. This demonstrates intra-specific differences in the growth rates and preferred diet uptakes of Manila clams, even under similar environmental conditions.

长江口横沙东滩围垦潮滩内外大型底栖动物功能群研究

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 长江口横沙东滩围垦潮滩内外大型底栖动物功能群研究 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201207100969 作者: 作者单位: 华东师范大学生命科学学院,华东师范大学生命科学学院,华东师范大学生命科学学院,华东师范大学生命科学学院,上海市野生动植物保护管理站,华东师范大学生命科学学院 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家科技支撑计划资助项目（2010BAK69B14）；上海市科委重大资助项目（09DZ120010A，10DZ1200700）；国家公益性行业（农业）科研专项资助项目（201203065） Macrobenthic functional groups at the reclamation and natural tidal flats of Hengsha East Shoal, the Estuary of Changjiang River Author: Affiliation: School of Life Science,East China Normal University,School of Life Science,East China Normal University,School of Life Science,East China Normal University,School of Life Science,East China Normal University,Shanghai Wildlife Conservation Management Station,School of Life Science,East China Normal University Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:2011年4月（春季）、7月（夏季）、10月（秋季）和12月（冬季），在横沙东滩的围垦潮滩和自然潮滩进行底栖动物的采样调查，进行功能群划分及数量特征分析。在围垦潮滩和自然潮滩分别采集到底栖动物19种和22种。依据食性将其划分为浮游生物食者、植食者、肉食者、杂食者和碎屑食者5种功能群，围垦潮滩各功能群物种数分别为4，5，4，3，3；自然潮滩分别为6，3，5，6，2。围垦潮滩丰度由高到低依次为植食者 > 浮游生物食者 > 肉食者 > 杂食者 > 碎屑食者；自然潮滩为浮游生物食者 > 杂食者 > 肉食者 > 碎屑食者 > 植食者。围垦潮滩季节间仅有浮游生物食者和植食者的物种数存在显著性差异，潮位间仅有植食者的丰度存在显著性差异；自然潮滩季节间仅有浮游生物食者的丰度存在显著性差异，潮位间仅有植食者的物种数和丰度无显著性差异。围垦潮滩主导功能群在各潮位均为浮游生物食者和植食者；自然潮滩主导功能群由高潮带到低潮带变化为浮游生物食者→浮游生物食者和杂食者→杂食者。围垦潮滩浮游生物食者和植食者的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Margalef丰富度指数、Pielou均匀度指数较高，而杂食者相对较低；自然潮滩杂食者和肉食者的3种多样性指数较高，而植食者相对较低。以上结果表明：围垦潮滩和自然潮滩底栖动物功能群的组成存在一定的差别；各潮位底栖动物功能群组成的不同与生境密切相关；围垦导致底栖动物群落以及功能群发生变化。 Abstract:Functional groups of macrobenthos are vital for the assessment of the changes of ecological functions of wetland driven by natural and human factors. In order to get a better understanding of the functional groups of macrobenthos, the surveys were conducted in the reclamation tidal and the natural tidal flats of Hengsha East Shoal in April, July, October and December 2011. The results demonstrated that 19 species and 22 species were found in and outside the dyke, respectively. Based on their food preferences, the macrobenthos were classified into 5 functional groups: Planktophagous group, Phytophagous group, Camivorous group, Omnivorous group and Detritivorous group. The number of species in each functional group was 4, 5, 4, 3, 3 in the reclamation tidal flat, and 6, 3, 5, 6, 2 in the natural tidal flat. The abundance of each functional group in proper order was Phytophagous > Planktophagous > Camivorous > Omnivorous > Detritivorous in the reclamation tidal flat, and Planktophagous > Omnivorous > Camivorous > Detritivorous > Phytophagous in the natural tidal flat. The species number and abundance of each functional group were analyzed by the two-way ANOVA method. For the reclamation tidal flat, there was no significant difference among seasons for all of the species number and abundance except for the species number of Planktophagous group and Phytophagous group. Similarly, no significant difference was found among the tidal flats for the species number and abundance of each functional group except for the abundance of Phytophagous group. For the natural tidal flat, the difference was significant for the species number of Planktophagous group among the seasons, but not for others. However, most of the functional groups had significant difference among the tidal flats except for the species number and abundance of Phytophagous group. The Planktophagous group and Phytophagous group were the dominant functional groups at three tidal flats of the reclamation tidal flat. The dominant functional groups of the natural tidal flat, however, were Planktophagous at high tidal flat, Planktophagous and Omnivorous at middle tidal flat, Omnivorous at low tidal flat, respectively. In the reclamation tidal flat, Planktophagous group and Phytophagous group had the higher diversity indices (Shannon-Wiener index, Margalef index, Pielou index), while Omnivorous group had the lower diversity indices. In the natural tidal flat, Camivorous group and Omnivorous group had the higher diversity indices, while Phytophagous group had the lower diversity indices. In conclusion, the composition of functional groups between the reclamation tidal flat and the natural tidal flat was distinctly different. And the changes of the functional groups among the tidal flats were often associated with habitats. The reclamation had resulted in the variations of the communities and functional groups in macrobenthos. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

英虞湾内自然干潟および浚渫土を用いた人工干潟における酸素消費速度と総基礎生産速度の定量的観測

The oxygen consumption rates and gross primary production rates in artificial (with dredged sediment) and natural tidal flats of three types (i.e., estuary, foreshore, and unused wetland) were estimated using light and dark in situ benthic chamber methods. The gross primary production rate correlated with photon flux density and chlorophyll a concentration in the sediment. After the construction of the artificial tidal flat by mixing with dredged sediment, chlorophyll a concentration increased from 15.8 μg · g-1-wet to 28.3 μg · g-1-wet, and the biomass of macrobenthos also increased from 24.0 g · 0.2 m-2 to 109 g · 0.2 m-2. The oxygen consumption and gross primary production rates increased from 0.47 to 1.8 gO2 · m-2 · d-1 and from 1.1 to 1.9 gO2 · m-2 · d-1 respectively.

炭素・窒素安定同位体比を用いた大阪湾の人工干潟における食物連鎖網の解析

Four years after the construction of an artificial tidal flat in Osaka Bay, Japan, the food web structure was analyzed using stable isotope ratios of nitrogen and carbon. The nitrogen stable isotope ratios (δ15N) ranged from 8.8±0.3‰ in Chondrus giganteus f. flabellatus (macroalga) to 15.2‰ in Repomucenus beniteguri (fish), whereas the carbon stable isotope ratios (δ13C) ranged from -18.6±0.2‰ in POM (particulate organic matter) to -10.5±1.1‰ in Ulva sp. (macroalga). The food web structure of the artificial tidal flat was estimated to be composed of three trophic levels. Moreover, it was thought that fishes inhabiting this ecosystem are dependent on POM and macroalgae (and/or benthic microalgae) for their carbon source, whereas crustaceans and mollusks are likely to be dependent on macroalgae (and/or benthic microalgae), not on POM. These results indicate that the food web structure of the artificial tidal flat resembles those of natural estuaries along the Japanese coasts. A temporal analysis of the food web structure of an artificial tidal flat and a comparison of such a structure to that of closely situated natural tidal flats using stable isotope analysis will contribute significantly to the evaluation of the structure and function of artificial tidal flats.