Nature Of State Research Articles

The Battle for the Sexual Heritage of Our Children and Youth: The Slippery Slope from Transgenderism to Transhumanism

The transgender movement, better termed the transgender industry, is just the tip of the iceberg to a much bigger agenda where reproduction without copulation or gestation may be the norm as well as serving the political groundwork for the burgeoning rights discourse surrounding the transhumanism movement, which embraces that idea of self-directed human evolution using technology to transcend their current natural state and limitations, i.e. disease, ageing, and even death. The ideology behind the transgender movement can be traced to the objectives specified in the manifestos of the Humanist Association, which, according to this author, also provides the basis for transhumanism. Transgenderism, framed as a human rights movement, promotes the idea that children have the right to change their minds, try out new styles and express themselves. However, this is a cover-up by a vast new industry to win the battle of the minds of innocent children to select to change their sexual heritage using dangerous drugs and mutilate their bodies by removing body parts according to their ‘sexual’ whim. This movement is a prelude to the transhumanism movement as self-selecting to be sterilized through the mutilation of one’s biological sex opens society to ethically loaded issues like hiring mothers, artificial wombs and the selection of sperm and ovaries used to produce the next generation. Transgender individuals, therefore, also play into the hands of the eugenics movement aimed at selective breeding and restraining population growth. Among other issues, this article explores the history, problems, players, and implications of transgenderism. It also opens the debate between novelty as progressive and hereditary as congenital or inbred. Living according to our sexual orientation does not mean we have to mutilate our bodies or deconstruct our inherent biological identity; our gender preference can also change over time. In conclusion, I suggest that we must explore and discover our spiritual nature and the spiritual underpinning of reality to protect our children and create a society that lives in harmony with each other and Nature, including our given inherent nature.

Hobbes, the State of Nature and the Human Predicament

The triadic conception of the history of political thought, presented by Michael Oakeshott in his edition of Leviathan, is a useful heuristic framework through which to explore the idea of Hobbes’s state of nature. Hobbes’s position comes into sharp relief when examined through the criticisms of representatives from two traditions opposed to that to which Hobbes belongs. By examining the critiques by Pufendorf and Rousseau, representatives of the two alternative traditions, we are better able to appreciate the character of Hobbes’s portrayal of the human predicament. Hobbes, as an exemplar of the tradition of ‘Will and Artifice’ draws heavily upon his first publication, the translation of Thucydides’ The History of the Grecian War, which had a strong bearing on how Hobbes perceived the natural condition of humankind, and is indicative of the representation of human nature projected by the tradition of ‘Will and Artifice’.

Leaving the State of Nature. Strengths and Limits of Kant’s Transformation of the Social Contract Tradition

I first outline how Kant’s ideal account of rightful external freedom transforms the social contract tradition as found in the works of Hobbes, Locke, and Rousseau, before proposing a way to see Kant’s two-layered non-ideal theory as complementing his ideal theory of rightful freedom. This enables us to envision a conception of rightful external freedom and of rightful human freedom in particular societies. These arguments also show us the importance of realizing that the four possible political conditions for Kant – anarchy, barbarism, despotism, and republic – are ideas of reason, which means that they are never perfectly realized. Hence, historical societies are not either in the state of nature or in civil society, and in historical republics, there are pockets of injustice or pockets devoid of justice that can only be captured by means of one of the three political ideas that are not constitutive of the republican legal-political framework.

Girls in Comics

As the guest editors of this special issue of Girlhood Studies: An Interdisciplinary Journal we invited comics and media scholars to discuss girlhood from the perspective of transnational and/or transmedia practices. These investigations avoid the trap Anita Harris warned us about in All about the Girl (2004) since they approach girlhood as a “constantly shifting” category, to use the words of Kristine Moruzi (2012: 191) rather than as a natural fixed state of being. Neither do they repeat the earlier tendency to conflate girlhood with womanhood (as can be seen, for instance, in Trina Robbins's From Girls to Grrlz (1999) and in Mike Madrid's The Supergirls (2009)). This special issue aligns with the work of scholars who study comics and girlhood with a focus on different publication formats (Gibson 2023), an international approach (Marshall 2018), and a transmedia interest (Hains 2012). The authors represented here consider girlhood as produced and negotiated; they recognize that girlhood implies a multiplicity of ages, social classes, ethnicities, and religions (as did, for instance, Marla Jaksch, Catherine Cymone Fourshey, and Relebohile Moletsane (2023) who edited Girlhood Studies 16:1: Reframing African Girlhood and Salsabel Almanssori and Muna Saleh whose Hijabi Girlhood in the Intersections: Violence, Resistance, Reclamation appeared later in 2023).

ETUDE COMPARATIVE DES CARACTERISTIQUES DU SOL PAR STABILISATION AU CIMENT ET A LA CHAUX EN CONSTRUCTION ROUTIERE : CAS DU SOL DE BUGANGA A MINOVA/PROVINCE DU SUD KIVU/RDC

This work focused on the comparative study of soil stabilization with cement and lime. The purpose of this study is to carry out a comparative study of the stabilization of soil with cement and lime in order to increase the bearing capacity of the Minova soil to enhance this soil for use in road constructions (base layers and road bed) but also to contribute to the identification of this soil by studying the influence of stabilizers on the characteristics of the Minova soil. To achieve the expected results. Tests for the determination of the parameters of identification, compaction (modified Proctor) and bearing capacity (CBR) on the soil of BUGANGA in its natural state and after stabilization with cement and lime. The results obtained showed that the soil of BUGANGA is made up of 47.25% of the fines, therefore classified as fine soils. As far as the type of soil is concerned, it is a sandy clay with little plasticity characterized by a low bearing capacity (CBR=5.37%) with a medium swelling. Thus, due to its low load-bearing capacity, the BUGANGA soil has been stabilized to increase its bearing capacity. The results obtained showed that the addition of cement and lime increases the bearing capacity of the BUGANGA soil. Hence, by adding different contents of cement and lime, the CBR increased from 5.37%. In various stabilization formulations with lime and cement, BUGANGA soil is suitable for use in pavement beds.

Natural succession and artificial management have different effects on soil microbial ecological patterns in wetland resulting from land-use change

Soil microbiomes play a crucial role in maintaining soil ecosystem functions and are sensitive to environmental changes. Land-use change is one of the important human activities affecting the Earth ecosystem. Understanding microbial community dynamics in land-use change is a key step in assessing and predicting its impact on ecological sustainability. Wetland restoration after land-use change has been widely implemented to help conserve ecological services, but the patterns of microbial dynamics during wetland formation, natural succession and artificial management remain unclear. In this study, taking coal-mining subsidence areas as research areas, soil samples from farmland, newly formed wetlands (1, 6 and 15 years old) following farmland subsidence, and a wetland under artificial management were collected to explore the ecological patterns of soil microbiome in response to land-use change. Results showed that the conversion from farmland to wetland increased microbial α-diversity (4.09 % for bacteria and 12.94 % for fungi), β-diversity (5.95 % for bacteria and 13.89 % for fungi), soil multifunctionality (293.91 %) and co-occurrence network complexity. The relative importance of stochastic processes in the microbial community assembly decreased in the early stage of wetland formation and further increased with wetland succession. Soil multifunctionality significantly decreased by 181.72 % after the artificial management in wetland. Additionally, bacteria and fungi responded differently to artificial management, and bacteria were more sensitive to the land-use change than fungi. Overall, our study broadens the understanding of soil microbial ecological patterns in newly formed wetland after land-use change, while emphasizing the importance of maintaining newly formed wetlands in its natural state.

Tensile, Flexural, and Fatigue Responses of Lightweight Pumice-Reinforced Magnesium Composite: Experimentation Followed by an Analytical Modeling

Abstract Featherweight material to sustain mountainous loads is an extreme contrast. Still, in reality, the automobile and aerospace industries seek very light materials with high specific strength to survive in global competition. This study offers a timely answer to the problems faced by those sectors. Through the use of a stir-assisted squeeze casting method, the current investigation aims to generate a lightweight magnesium composite that is reinforced with porous low-density pumice particles at weight percentages of 5%, 10%, and 15%. An examination of the density indicates that there is a downward tendency in conjunction with the growing reinforcement. In comparison to the magnesium alloy in its natural state, the Pumice 15 coupon achieves a tensile strength increment of 47%, flexural strength increment of 35%, and a 10-time increment in service cycle at fatigue increase. The micromechanics model is implemented to justify the strengthening process in terms of the adhesion between the filler matrix and the interface shear strength. The property plots that were drafted provide evidence that the suggested material is lightweight while exhibiting a significant amount of strength in tensile, flexural, and fatigue. Post-fracture surface morphology analysis exhibits distinct tensile, flexural, and fatigue patterns.

An appraisal of lateritic soil modified with lime and bamboo leaf ash as hydraulic barrier

The production of ashes from plant residue requires less energy and their application in construction industry would serve as a measure to reduce the over-reliance on the use of conventional stabilizing materials, which their means of production has negative influence on the environment, and also provides eco-friendly means of disposing such residue. This study investigates the influence of combined use of lime and bamboo leaf ash for the modification of lateritic soil as a construction material for hydraulic barrier in waste containment facilities. Natural soil was modified by adding BLA at percentage of 0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8% and lime at 1% 2% and 3% by weight of soil sample. Classification, compaction, volumetric shrinkage, unconfined compressive strength (UCS), hydraulic conductivity tests and microstructural analyses were carried out on both natural and stabilized soil. Results indicated that the natural soil was an A-7 and MH (sandy elastic silt) soil based on AASHTO and USCS classification respectively. The maximum dry density of natural soil increase from 1421 kg/m3 at natural state to the maximum of 1866 kg/m3, while the optimum moisture content decreased from 19% at natural to the minimum of 11.12% at 3% lime and 4% BLA addition. The volumetric shrinkage reduced from 7% at natural state to 3.58% at 3% lime-6% BLA addition and hydraulic conductivity also reduced from 5.36 × 10−5cm/s at natural state to 1.01 × 10−8cm/s at 3% lime-6% BLA. The UCS values increased from 390 kN/m2 at natural state to a maximum value of 754 kN/m2 at 3% lime 4% BLA mix, but later declined with further addition of BLA. The microstructural analyses showed that modified soil exhibited some densely packed particles than the natural soil. Based on the findings in the course of this study, addition of lime-BLA to the soil exhibited adequate strength and enhanced the soil and has a promising prospect for stabilization of lateritic soil as a construction material for hydraulic barrier in waste containment facilities.

A Systematic Review of the Impact of Medicinal Plants on Cardiac Health Compared to Standard Pharmaceuticals Available in Bangladesh

Introduction: Medicinal plants have long been an essential part of healthcare in many cultures with a variety of bioactive chemicals that contribute to different pharmacological effects. Crude medicines, which are frequently utilized in their natural state to treat a variety of ailments, can be derived from these plants. The potential of medicinal plants in medication development and discovery has been acknowledged more and more by contemporary scientific research, especially when it comes to disorders for which there are few available treatments. Numerous chemicals originating from plants have been found to possess antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and cardioprotective qualities, making them potential candidates for use in pharmaceutical applications. Aims: The aim of this study is to review and analyze the medicinal plants of Bangladesh that show potential benefits for cardiovascular health. It focuses on evaluating the therapeutic properties of these plants, comparing them with existing pharmaceutical treatments, and emphasizing the importance of further research to explore their effectiveness and possible integration into cardiovascular health management. Methodology: A systematic review was conducted to identify medicinal plants in Bangladesh with cardiovascular benefits. We searched databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar for studies published between [2006-2019]. The inclusion criteria were studies on plants used in Bangladesh that demonstrate cardiovascular effects, particularly anticoagulant or hypolipidemic properties. Pharmaceutical drugs in the Bangladesh market for similar purposes were also reviewed for comparison. Data were analyzed to highlight the pharmacological effects and potential advantages or drawbacks in comparison to available pharmaceuticals. Conclusion: Twenty-one medicinal plants have been found to have positive effects on cardiovascular health. On the other hand, despite being effective in their intended pharmacological actions, traditional cardiovascular medications including lipid-lowering medicines and anticoagulants are frequently linked to a variety of adverse effects.

Inner Peace as the Seed of Global Peace: Unveiling the Link Between Zhuangzi’s Mysticism and Nonviolent Resistance

This paper delves into the connection between Zhuangzi’s mystical philosophy and its potential application to nonviolent resistance movements. It argues that the cultivation of inner peace, as advocated by Zhuangzi, can serve as a powerful foundation for individuals to engage in peaceful social change. Zhuangzi, a prominent figure in ancient Chinese thought, emphasized the importance of achieving harmony with Dao, the natural order of the universe. His mystical teachings centered on concepts like the “Pu 樸” (perfect natural state), “Xiao Yao You 逍遙遊” (Free and Easy Wandering) and “Qi Wu Lun 齊物論” (Equalizing Things and Equalizing Theory), as well as “Xin Zhai 心齋” (Fasting of the Mind) and “Zuo Wang 坐忘” (Sitting and Forgetting). This paper explores how these mystical concepts can be interpreted as a call for inner peace and tranquility. The paper then examines how inner peace, as envisioned by Zhuangzi, can empower individuals to participate in nonviolent resistance. It suggests that achieving inner peace allows individuals to transcend feelings of anger, resentment, and violence, fostering a sense of compassion and understanding towards their opponents. This inner peace, in turn, can fuel the courage and determination necessary to engage in peaceful protests and civil disobedience. By exploring the connection between Zhuangzi’s mysticism and nonviolent resistance, this paper aims to shed light on an alternative approach to social change. It argues that inner peace, cultivated through mystical experience, can be a powerful tool for individuals seeking to create a more just and peaceful world.

Hybrid Chitosan Biosorbents: Tunable Adsorption at Surface and Micropore Domains

Herein, we report a study that provides new insight on the knowledge gaps that relate to the role of biopolymer structure and adsorption properties for chitosan adsorbents that are cross-linked with glutaraldehyde. The systematic modification of chitosan cross-linked with glutaraldehyde (CG) and its quaternized forms (QCG) was studied in relation to the reaction conditions: mole ratios of reactants and pH conditions. Complementary adsorbent characterization employed 13C NMR/FTIR spectroscopy, TGA and DSC, point-zero-charge (PZC), solvent swelling, and sorption studies using selected dye probes. The spectral and thermal techniques provide complementary evidence that affirm the key role of cross-linker content and quaternization on variation of the physicochemical properties of chitosan. The PZC results reveal a neutral surface charge for the modified materials between pH 6.0 to 6.3 ± 0.3, as compared with pH 8.7 ± 0.4 for pristine chitosan. Solvent swelling in water decreased with greater cross-linking, while the QCG materials had greater swelling over CG materials due to enhanced hydration. The adsorption results reveal variable dye uptake properties according to the cross-linker content. Similarly, surface versus micropore adsorption was demonstrated, according to the nature and ionization state of the dye for the modified adsorbents, where the CG and QCG materials had tunable sorption properties that exceeded that of unmodified chitosan. A key step in tuning the structure and surface chemical properties of cross-linked chitosan involves pH control during synthesis. The facile tunability of the physicochemical properties of the modified biopolymers reported herein means that they possess features of biomimetics that are relevant to advanced drug delivery, antimicrobial materials for wound healing, biosensors, and biosorbents for biomedical applications.

PREPARATION, NUTRITIONAL AND SENSORY ANALYSIS OF PEANUT BUTTER FLAVORED WITH MOZZARELLA CHEESE

Peanuts are one of the foods that are closely linked to the Brazilian Northeastern culture. The consumption of this legume ranges from the seed in its natural state, roasted and salted, to sweets (such as the traditional Northeastern paçoca), as well as derivative products that contain peanuts in their formulation. However, there is still the possibility of adding value and innovation using peanuts, since the food industry is always looking for innovative and healthier products. Accordingly, peanut butter is an excellent alternative, since it is a peanut-based product that is well accepted by a large part of the population and is consumed by all social classes and age groups, in addition to being a food that is very rich in nutritional aspects. Peanut butter can also be supplemented with other foods, in order to increase its nutritional and sensory values. With this in mind, using cheese as an alternative to supplement peanut butter is a viable option, since it is a food that is highly appreciated by the Brazilian population due to its sensory and nutritional characteristics. In this sense, the present study aims to prepare peanut butter with cheese using the following ingredients: peanuts, mozzarella cheese, vegetable oil and salt. The nutritional composition and sensory evaluation of the peanut butter enriched with mozzarella cheese were analyzed in order to determine the public's acceptance and purchase intention. In this study, five peanut butter formulations were prepared, varying respectively from 0, 10, 15, 20 and 25% of mozzarella cheese. It was observed that the greater the amount of mozzarella cheese added to the peanut butter, the less energy the product produced. According to the results obtained, it is possible to conclude that the peanut butters enriched with mozzarella cheese did not reach the minimum result in relation to all the parameters analyzed (appearance, color, texture, flavor and overall acceptance), with the average of 7 (seven) being the minimum expected result. It is worth noting that sample E with 35% mozzarella cheese was the closest to the minimum sensory requirements, while sample C with 25% mozzarella cheese was the closest to the minimum sensory requirements for purchase intention. That said, it is clear that there is a need for better adaptation in the formulation or addition of extra components that increase the sensory qualities of the product. It is also clear that the product developed is unusual to the Brazilian palate, thus causing a high deviation in relation to the sensory requirements.

Fascism, Anti-Liberalism and Liberalism in Italy

Abstract Anti-liberalism is often highlighted as central to interpretations of fascism. This article discusses the existence of a liberal-fascist current in Italian Fascism. Very active during the first years of the Fascist government, this current was expressed in the pages of the journals La Nuova Politica Liberale, which brought together disciples of the philosopher Giovanni Gentile, and Critica Fascista, an organ of the revisionists led by Giuseppe Bottai. Anti-individualist, anti-naturalist and anti-democratic, this current asserted that the rights of the nation preceded individual rights, that freedom would not exist in a supposed state of nature and would be the creation of a political society. It rejected the opposition between freedom and authority, stating that only a strong and orderly state would allow freedom to occur. Although the existence of a liberal-fascist current does not impugn the predominantly anti-liberal character of Italian Fascism, bringing it to light contributes to a more complex assessment of Italian Fascism, underlining the existence of different intellectual currents, ideological clashes, and political antagonism within the movement.

Hojas y otros productos naturales con fines utilitarios en la cocina tradicional de Costa Rica

The objective is to describe leaves and other plant products obtained from the environment for utilitarian purposes in traditional Costa Rican cuisine. The study is qualitative and is based on semi-structured interviews with 37 people between the ages of 50 and 91, residing in different parts of the country. 59 products widely used more than six decades ago for the storage, conservation, preparation, consumption and transportation of food, as well as for cleaning, disinfection and pest control, were identified. Aspects such as access, functionality, durability, aesthetics and efficiency in different household tasks are considered for their selection. There is a decrease in current application due to changes in lifestyles, urbanization, industrialization and greater use of synthetic materials which, according to the people interviewed, has caused the loss of knowledge in new generations regarding the resources and their familiarization with utilization in the domestic environment. The natural products have value for their practical use in the kitchen, as well as for being biodegradable and favoring the family economy, which is why they have persisted over time, and it is still possible to acquire some of them in their natural state or with artisanal manufacture in markets and local fairs.

PROBLEMS OF LEGAL REGULATION OF ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES IN UKRAINE

In the context of the dynamic development of economic relations, a number of issues arise that cannot be considered and resolved within the framework of the opposition of individual legal schools – businessmen on the one hand, civilists and administrativeists – on the other. It’s time to realize that no branch of legislation (law) can be a monopoly in regulating social relations in a certain area. An example of this is land, water, environmental, family and other areas of legislation that regulate personal non-property and property relations, which have certain features that determine their independent nature and difference from civil relations. The final task is not to finally abolish the Economic Code of Ukraine or to achieve a gradual emasculation of the essence of economic law. Today, at the legislative level, with the participation of scientists and with the help of national legal doctrine, it is necessary to ensure, first of all, high quality regulation of relations that form the basis of the country’s development, including in the field of economy, business environment. Otherwise, science is faced with the problem of denying the natural state of development of things, which has been ordered since the time of the appearance of law as such. It is difficult to deny the well-known truth – the law is a regulator of social relations, therefore, it is in its nature determined by the needs of man, society, and changes according to the needs of humanity. This indicates the objective conditionality of proper legal regulation in one or another sphere, including in the sphere of economy, making it dependent on the environment.

Role of stable‐structural yarns and fabrics on the tensile and bending performance of carbon fiber resin composites

AbstractThe component yarns and fabrics effected the formability and stability of preforms, and finally determined the performance of corresponding composites. In this research, four typical fabric structures of carbon fiber resin composites (CFRC) were introduced to conduct the comparative investigation. The stability of component yarns in natural state and in fabrics have been discussed at mesoscopic scale, and the main methods to improve the structural stability of preforms were proposed. Composites with and without stable‐structural fibers and fabrics were manufactured by the modified curing process, and the yarn cross‐sections in specimens were analyzed. The tensile and bending performance of these composite specimens was comparatively conducted to discuss the influence of stable preforms on the elastic properties. The fracture mode and mechanism of specimens were illustrated in meso‐scale. The results depicted that yarns and fabrics with stable‐structural cross‐section could ensure a high fiber volume fraction, reducing the curvature of load‐bearing yarns, and effectively reduce the yarn curvature along bearing direction. The high interfacial bonding strength of composites with stable geometrical fabrics exhibited the excellent in‐plane mechanical properties, and presented the obvious brittle fracture characteristics when the fibers fully exert their load‐bearing capacity.Highlights Stable‐structural fibers result in the prominent performance of composites. Performance of composites with stable preforms show the low dispersion. Stable cross‐section of component yarns can enhance the stability of preforms. Low curvature yarns lead to brittle fracture characteristics of composites.

"Green Intentions, Green Actions”: The Power of Social Media and the Perils of Greenwashing

The deteriorating environment necessitates immediate remedial measures to preserve life forms in their natural state. There is an urgent need to regulate anthropogenic activities. This scholarly work examined the factors that lead to environmentally friendly consumption among consumers. We extended the TPB model with additional variables, namely social media marketing (SMM) and environmental concern (EC) to investigate consumers’ green purchase behavior. Furthermore, the moderating effect of greenwashing (GW) was examined. Data from 388 respondents were analyzed using the PLS-SEM technique. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first empirical study to incorporate greenwashing as a moderating variable between GPI and GPB. Finally, the study discusses theoretical and managerial implications and outlines several strategies for marketers to promote green products and mitigate the negative effects of greenwashing.

A 35-Year Analysis of Vegetation Cover in Rare-Earth Mining Areas Using Landsat Data

Fractional vegetation cover (FVC) plays a significant role in assessing ecological quality and protection, as well as soil and water conservation. As a typical rare-earth resource county in China, Dingnan County has experienced rapid development due to rare-earth mining, resulting in significant alterations to vegetation cover. To elucidate the spatio-temporal changes in vegetation within Dingnan County over the past 35 years and the effects of natural and human factors on these changes, the spatial and temporal variations in FVC were analyzed using Landsat-TM/OLI multispectral images taken in 1988, 1995, 1997, 2002, 2006, 2013, 2017, and 2023. The findings indicate that (1) vegetation coverage in Dingnan County decreased from 1988 to 2002, followed by a gradual increase; (2) high vegetation cover is predominantly found in forested areas that maintain their natural state, while the central town and mining areas exhibit generally low coverage; (3) there are regional differences in the relationship between vegetation cover and environmental factors in Dingnan County. This research facilitates the alignment of ion-type rare-earth mining with ecological protection, thereby promoting the sustainable development of the mining area and providing scientific guidance for local governments to formulate more effective management and protection strategies for the mining ecosystem. Additionally, this research offers a scientific foundation for mining areas globally to develop sustainable policies and informed decision-making regarding environmental protection and sustainable development.

Vetting the Extrapolation Caution of Tamhane & Dunlop: A Time Series Forecasting Analysis

Context In forecasting there are only two classes of Projections: Extrapolations or Interpolations. Interestingly, Interpolations usually, all but guarantee, that the theoretical expectations that rationalize the veracity of the forecasting profiles are the likely State of Nature. Simply: The [1-a]% Forecasting Prediction Interval [FPI] provides the expected-intel with a frequency of [1-a]%. However, for Extrapolations, [T&D] [8 p. 363] offer the following “Forecasting Bump in the Road” T&D Conjecture: “- - -extrapolation beyond the range of the data is a risky business should be avoided.” If T&D are correct that: Forecasting Extrapolations somehow compromise the linkages of the Projection of the Past into a Relevant Future, Then, indeed, Extrapolations should be avoided. T&D’s theoretical and experientially based caution has garnered very little vetting interest—Voilà: The motivation for our research report. Research Elements Initially, we offer a detailed analysis of the mathematical nature of an Extrapolation as it affects the Precision of the 95% Time Series [TS] Forecasting Prediction Interval [95%TSFPIs]. This is critical as, interestingly, T&D offer no detailed support for their risky business musing. For the inferential testing stage, we will use as the Y-Response Variate: The Capture Rate of the 95%TSFPIs. As we are using a DOE-Inferential Model, we are opting for two-Category Covariates: Extrapolations—[As they are the focus of our inquiry.] & Panel-Variation—measured as the Coefficient of Determination [CoD]—[As variation is the bane of forecasting.]. For DOE: testing, we have selected a random sample of 202 Panels from the S&P500; for each Panel there are Three TS-Extrapolations and also Three [CoD-screens]. Results We found clear inferential evidence that as the Extrapolations move away from the mean of the TS time-index & The CoD increases that certain DOE-{Ext & CoD} Tukey-Kramer HSD-interaction-profiles suggest a failure to realizes the theoretical expectations of the Capture Rate of the 95%TSFPIs. We offer, for the first time, a deconstruction of these very interesting inferential DOE-results that rationalize T&D’s risky business musing.

Ultrahigh Concentration Hydrogen Doping into TiO2.

We investigate ultrahigh concentration doping of hydrogen (H) into rutile-TiO2 (100) single crystals by low-energy (2.5 keV) hydrogen ion beam irradiation at low temperature (LT). While the hydrogen concentration was limited to H0.3TiO2 at 300 K, in situ nuclear reaction analysis (NRA) revealed ultrahigh concentration doping of hydrogen up to H1.2TiO2 by the LT irradiation at 50 K. The large (∼8.2%) expansion of the out-of-plane lattice constant suggests that hydrogen occupies interstitial sites in rutile TiO2. Hydrogens of early stage irradiation act as electron donors and induce a large increase in conductivity, which is consistent with theoretical studies in the dilute limit. The nature of excess H was investigated in situ by transport and photoemission measurements. After LT excess H doping and postannealing to room temperature, unusual electrical transport properties were observed while maintaining the ultrahigh H concentration. In situ photoemission measurements show that the excessively doped hydrogens by LT irradiation generate a deeper in-gap state (IGS) of metastable nature. Density functional theory predicts the formation of double neighboring interstitial hydrogens as a possible mechanism for the deeper IGS.