Natural Restriction Research Articles

Perceived importance of ecosystem services in the Białowieża Forest for local communities – Does proximity matter?

Effective protection of biodiversity in areas of high conservation value requires trade-offs between local use of natural resources and conservation restrictions. The compromise is often difficult to reach, which causes conflicts over the management priorities of existing and potential protected areas. Ecosystem services (ES) perspective offers a promising avenue for diagnosing and reconciling contrasting interests concerning the use of benefits from ecosystems. We examined how the spatial proximity to the Białowieża Forest (BF), a European biodiversity hotspot, affects the perceived use of ES by local communities. We performed a survey among 719 respondents from 35 villages situated within BF and in its vicinity. We found that both the declared use of ES and the perceived influence of ES on household’s economy was declining with the distance from BF with particularly high differences between areas not further than 3 km from BF and areas located 3-15 km from BF. Different zones varied in terms of benefits from tourism and costs connected with a potential limited access to ES due to conservation. Broadening the perspective, we argue that the trade-offs linked to ES may vary depending on the location in relation to the protected area and that local communities should not be treated as a homogenous group when considering benefits from the forest. Awareness of common patterns of ES use over space and local specificity may enhance effective management of even highly contested conservation areas.

New bounds on the strength of some restrictions of Hindman’s Theorem

We prove upper and lower bounds on the effective content and logical strength for a variety of natural restrictions of Hindman's Finite Sums Theorem. For example, we show that Hindman's Theorem for sums of length at most 2 and 4 colors implies $\mathsf{ACA}_0$. An emerging {\em leitmotiv} is that the known lower bounds for Hindman's Theorem and for its restriction to sums of at most 2 elements are already valid for a number of restricted versions which have simple proofs and better computability- and proof-theoretic upper bounds than the known upper bound for the full version of the theorem. We highlight the role of a sparsity-like condition on the solution set, which we call apartness.

Learning to Crawl

Web crawling is the problem of keeping a cache of webpages fresh, i.e., having the most recent copy available when a page is requested. This problem is usually coupled with the natural restriction that the bandwidth available to the web crawler is limited. The corresponding optimization problem was solved optimally by Azar et al. (2018) under the assumption that, for each webpage, both the elapsed time between two changes and the elapsed time between two requests follows a Poisson distribution with known parameters. In this paper, we study the same control problem but under the assumption that the change rates are unknown a priori, and thus we need to estimate them in an online fashion using only partial observations (i.e., single-bit signals indicating whether the page has changed since the last refresh). As a point of departure, we characterise the conditions under which one can solve the problem with such partial observability. Next, we propose a practical estimator and compute confidence intervals for it in terms of the elapsed time between the observations. Finally, we show that the explore-and-commit algorithm achieves an O(√T) regret with a carefully chosen exploration horizon. Our simulation study shows that our online policy scales well and achieves close to optimal performance for a wide range of parameters.

Approval-Based Apportionment

In the apportionment problem, a fixed number of seats must be distributed among parties in proportion to the number of voters supporting each party. We study a generalization of this setting, in which voters cast approval ballots over parties, such that each voter can support multiple parties. This approval-based apportionment setting generalizes traditional apportionment and is a natural restriction of approval-based multiwinner elections, where approval ballots range over individual candidates. Using techniques from both apportionment and multiwinner elections, we are able to provide representation guarantees that are currently out of reach in the general setting of multiwinner elections: First, we show that core-stable committees are guaranteed to exist and can be found in polynomial time. Second, we demonstrate that extended justified representation is compatible with committee monotonicity.

SAT-427 AKI IN TROPICS/PATIENT RETURNING FROM TROPICS -WHY EXPANDING OUR DIFFERENTIALS IS NEEDED!

CASE REPORT People living in tropics have some endemic risk factors specific to the demographic region they reside in. A variety of causes are prevalent - including Malaria, Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever, Infectious Diarrhea, Leptospirosis, Snake Envenomation, and Scrub Typhus. We describe a case of Scrub Typhus with AKI. This particular case is interesting as it was from a cosmopolitan city, away from hilly areas where this rickettsial fever is more common. World Health Organisation (WHO) has recently warned about the potential of Scrub Typhus to cause widespread disease in tropics, deviating from the natural restriction to hilly areas to occurring in cities or towns. Scrub typhus is an important disease - frequently neglected. The annual estimate of cases is 1 million, while the population at risk, at 2 Billion is even huge, with the Tsutsugamoshi triangle extending from Japan in the east to Pakistan in the west and China to the north and Australia to the south. A 21-year-old male had presented with an 8-day history of low-grade fever, diarrhea, and oliguria. On evaluation, the patient was found to be febrile, dehydrated and in hypotension. He had icterus and tender inguinal lymphadenopathy. The patient remained anuric after rehydration despite recovering from hypotension. The patient received Hemodialysis as required. Patient was thoroughly investigated for etiology. Labs are depicted in tables uploaded together as pictures. Chest Radiograph : Normal Ultrasound of Abdomen and Pelvis:Mild Splenomegaly, Mild Ascites, Multiple Sub Centimetric Aorto-Iliac Lymph nodes. Minimal Bilateral Pleural Effusions. DIAGNOSIS: ENDEMIC ZOONOSIS SCRUB TYPHUS - WITH MULTI SYSTEM INVOLVEMENT- AKI, HEPATITIS, BICYTOPENIA. CONCLUSIONS: Scrub Typhus is thought to be a rare, endemic cause of AKI- prevalent in hilly and mountainous areas. The current case report points to an atypical presentation of the disease in a young male who had recently visited an urban garden, in the city of Hyderabad in southern India. This is due to the rapid expansion of cities extending into surrounding forest areas. The Eschar over skin which is pathognomonic- is absent in our case which had made the diagnosis difficult. Also, the presence of eschar is highly variable, is strain-specific and the dark complexion of skin makes the identification of eschar difficult. The discovery of new vectors of the pathogen, by Tilak et al (Schoengastiella ligula -northeast India) in India and Lee et al (Euschoengastia koreaensis in South Korea), marks an important breakthrough in the understanding of the epidemiology of the disease. REFERENCES: 1. Incidence, risk factors and clinical outcomes of acute kidney injury associated with scrub typhus: a retrospective study of 510 consecutive patients in South Korea (2001–2013) Hwang K, et al. BMJ Open 2017;7:e013882. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2016-013882

ON SEMIGROUP ORBITS OF POLYNOMIALS AND MULTIPLICATIVE ORDERS

We show, under some natural restrictions, that some semigroup orbits of polynomials cannot contain too many elements of small multiplicative order modulo a large prime $p$, extending previous work of Shparlinski [‘Multiplicative orders in orbits of polynomials over finite fields’, Glasg. Math. J.60(2) (2018), 487–493].

Landscape Planning as a Basis for Sustainable Development of a Region (Simferopol Region and the Town of Simferopol, Republic of the Crimea Taken as an Example)

This research deals with the theoretical principles of landscape planning. The possibility for applying geographical information systems (GIS) to carry out landscape planning on different levels has been studied. Geographical informational systems (GIS) can be used on every stage of planning work and they provide processing and analyzing a great amount of spatial data about natural components, submission and dissemination of the results by plotting the maps, their typing as well as distributing over on-line resources. The chart of landscape planning with its application has been worked out. The main stages of the research include: spade-work\\ preliminary (data collection and information storage, alongside with cartographic, informational, statistical data), examining the territory and its environment, considering the landscape features of the territory. Geographic information system data can help to make up landscape planning of the territory of Simferopol region and the town of Simferopol of the Republic of the Crimea. During this stage of landscape planning a set of maps i.e. maps of natural and economic landscape subsystems, adverse natural processes, ecological network, landscape and ecological restrictions has been plotted. By reference to all maps for the territory of Simferopol region, the map for landscape planning as well as functional zoning of territory have been worked out. According to the received data, measures against adverse processes have been planned.

Análisis del derecho a la información pública en el Ecuador

En este artículo de revisión se exponen diferentes núcleos que permite un estudio referente a la doctrina y jurisprudencia para aplicabilidad del derecho al acceso a la información pública dentro de las instituciones públicas y privadas, por cuanto, la Legislación Nacional como la internacional manifiestan, que existen documentos considerados de carácter reservado y cierta restricción que se presenta al acceso de la información, y la LOTAIP determina dos vías para la obtención del acceso en la información, este Derecho Constitucional deber ser considera un deber social, garantizando de esta forma transparencia en la gestión y democracia. Se concluye que la Ley Orgánica de Transparencia y Acceso a la información pública a más de que se encuentra vigente por más 15 años se ha evidenciado que haya cumplido a cabalidad con su objetivo y no ha logrado mecanismos que sean de fácil y rápido acceso.

A sharpened form of the inverse function theorem

In this note we establish an advanced version of the inverse function theorem and study some local geometrical properties like starlikeness and hyperbolic convexity of the inverse function under natural restrictions on the numerical range of the underlying mapping.

‘Uncertainty’ principle in two fluid–mechanics

Hamilton’s principle (or principle of stationary action) is one of the basic modelling tools in finite-degree-of-freedom mechanics. It states that the reversible motion of mechanical systems is completely determined by the corresponding Lagrangian which is the difference between kinetic and potential energy of our system. The governing equations are the Euler-Lagrange equations for Hamil- ton’s action. Hamilton’s principle can be naturally extended to both one-velocity and multi-velocity continuum mechanics (infinite-degree-of-freedom systems). In particular, the motion of multi–velocity continuum is described by a coupled system of ‘Newton’s laws’ (Euler-Lagrange equations) for each component. The introduction of dissipative terms compatible with the second law of thermodynamics and a natural restriction on the behaviour of potential energy (convexity) allows us to derive physically reasonable and mathematically well posed governing equations. I will consider a simplest example of two-velocity fluids where one of the phases is incompressible (for example, flow of dusty air, or flow of compressible bubbles in an incompressible fluid). A very surprising fact is that one can obtain different governing equations from the same Lagrangian. Different types of the governing equations are due to the choice of independent variables and the corresponding virtual motions. Even if the total momentum and total energy equations are the same, the equations for individual components differ from each other by the presence or absence of gyroscopic forces (also called ‘lift’ forces). These forces have no influence on the hyperbolicity of the governing equations, but can drastically change the distribution of density and velocity of components. To the best of my knowledge, such an uncertainty in obtaining the governing equations of multi- phase flows has never been the subject of discussion in a ‘multi-fluid’ community.

THE GROUPING OF PLANNED WELLS FOR WELL PADS LOCATION BY MULTI-LAYER FIELD

An approach to improving the project quality of a multi-layer field development, which allows to bring the project to the real conditions of the field development, to reduce its capital intensity is proposed. The key task is to find the optimal pads distribution pattern based on the development system of target operational facilities, which ensures the formation of development elements at dependent production facilities at the expense of transit wells. This takes into account the purpose and mode of wells operation. This arrangement of well pads should ensure minimal capital costs and technological risks in the implementation of the project due to multi-factor optimization. For this purpose, length and complexity of trajectory wells, infrastructure, natural and environmental restrictions on the field territory, technical restrictions in wells construction are taken into account. Such problem for multi-layer field is not solved by existing software systems. A method of grouping the project drilling targets, as a stage of well pads distribution, based on modified clustering method k-means is considered. The clustering algorithm is adapted to minimize the total penetration of inclined and horizontal wells, taking into account the complexity of their trajectories.

Dynamics of a stage-structured population model with a state-dependent delay

This paper is devoted to the dynamics of a predator-prey model with stage structure for prey and state-dependent maturation delay. Firstly, positivity and boundedness of solutions are addressed to describe the population survival and the natural restriction of limited resources. Secondly, the existence, uniqueness, and local asymptotical stability of (boundary and coexisting) equilibria are investigated by means of degree theory and Routh-Hurwitz criteria. Thirdly, the explicit bounds for the eventual behaviors of the mature population are obtained. Finally, by means of comparison principle and two auxiliary systems, it observed that the local asymptotical stability of either of the positive interior equilibrium and the positive boundary equilibrium implies that it is also globally asymptotical stable if the derivative of the delay function around this equilibrium is small enough.

On the Control Theorem for Fine Selmer Groups and the Growth of Fine Tate-Shafarevich Groups in $\mathbb{Z}_p$-Extensions

Let A be an abelian variety defined over a number field F . We prove a control theorem for the fine Selmer group of the abelian variety A which essentially says that the kernel and cokernel of the natural restriction maps in an arbitrarily given \mathbb{Z}_p -extension F_\infty/F are finite and bounded. We emphasise that our result does not have any constraints on the reduction of A and the ramification of F_\infty/F . As a first consequence of the control theorem, we show that the fine Tate-Shafarevich group over an arbitrary \mathbb{Z}_p -extension has trivial \Lambda -corank. We then derive an asymptotic growth formula for the p -torsion subgroup of the dual fine Selmer group in a \mathbb{Z}_p -extension. However, as the fine Mordell-Weil group need not be p -divisible in general, the fine Tate-Shafarevich group need not agree with the p -torsion of the dual fine Selmer group, and so the asymptotic growth formula for the dual fine Selmer groups do not carry over to the fine Tate-Shafarevich groups. Nevertheless, we do provide certain sufficient conditions, where one can obtain a precise asymptotic formula.

Dietary practices in methylmalonic acidaemia: a European survey.

Background The dietary management of methylmalonic acidaemia (MMA) is a low-protein diet providing sufficient energy to avoid catabolism and to limit production of methylmalonic acid. The goal is to achieve normal growth, good nutritional status and the maintenance of metabolic stability. Aim To describe the dietary management of patients with MMA across Europe. Methods A cross-sectional questionnaire was sent to European colleagues managing inherited metabolic disorders (IMDs) (n=53) with 27 questions about the nutritional management of organic acidaemias. Data were analysed by different age ranges (0-6 months; 7-12 months; 1-10 years; 11-16 years; >16 years). Results Questionnaires were returned from 53 centres. Twenty-five centres cared for 80 patients with MMA vitamin B12 responsive (MMAB12r) and 43 centres managed 215 patients with MMA vitamin B12 non-responsive (MMAB12nr). For MMAB12r patients, 44% of centres (n=11/25) prescribed natural protein below the World Health Organization/Food and Agriculture Organization/United Nations University (WHO/FAO/UNU) 2007 safe levels of protein intake in at least one age range. Precursor-free amino acids (PFAA) were prescribed by 40% of centres (10/25) caring for 36% (29/80) of all the patients. For MMAB12nr patients, 72% of centres (n=31/43) prescribed natural protein below the safe levels of protein intake (WHO/FAO/UNU 2007) in at least one age range. PFAA were prescribed by 77% of centres (n=33/43) managing 81% (n=174/215) of patients. In MMAB12nr patients, 90 (42%) required tube feeding: 25 via a nasogastric tube and 65 via a gastrostomy. Conclusions A high percentage of centres used PFAA in MMA patients together with a protein prescription that provided less than the safe levels of natural protein intake. However, there was inconsistent practices across Europe. Long-term efficacy studies are needed to study patient outcome when using PFAA with different severities of natural protein restrictions in patients with MMA to guide future practice.

Dynamical systems and operator algebras associated to Artin's representation of braid groups

Artin's representation is an injective homomorphism from the braid group Bn on n strands into AutFn, the automorphism group of the free group Fn on n generators. The representation induces maps Bn→AutC∗r(Fn) and Bn→AutC∗(Fn) into the automorphism groups of the corresponding group C∗-algebras of Fn. These maps also have natural restrictions to the pure braid group Pn. In this paper, we consider twisted versions of the actions by cocycles with values in the circle, and discuss the ideal structure of the associated crossed products. Additionally, we make use of Artin's representation to show that the braid groups B∞ and P∞ on infinitely many strands are both C∗-simple.

Mealtime Anxiety and Coping Behaviour in Parents and Children During Weaning in PKU: A Case-Control Study.

Solid food introduction may create anxiety for parents of children with phenylketonuria (PKU) due to the burden associated with protein substitute (PS) administration and natural protein restriction. In a longitudinal, prospective study, 20 mothers of children with PKU and 20 non-PKU control mothers completed 4 questionnaires (mealtime emotions, feed-time, Beck’s anxiety inventory and the coping health inventory for parents), examining parent/child mealtime emotions, anxiety, stress and coping strategies at child ages: weaning start, 8 months (m), 12 m, 15 m, 18 m and 24 m. Overall, mothers of children with PKU cope well with solid food introduction when applying a low-phenylalanine diet, with comparable low levels of stress and anxiety reported in both PKU and non-PKU groups. However, mothers of children with PKU reported peak scores in anxiety for emotive/cognitive symptoms at a child age of 15 m, and higher use of coping strategies at 15 m and 24 m (p < 0.05) of age. Generally, there was a trend that maternal anxiety regarding child rejection of PS increased with time, peaking between 12–24 m. In PKU, a child age of 12–18 m is identified as a key period when mothers feel most anxious/stressed with feeding, coinciding with raised blood phenylalanine levels probably associated with teething, illness and developing independence. Health professionals should be conscious of this vulnerable period and be prepared to offer more directional support as required.

Progress Toward a Gonococcal Vaccine: The Way Forward.

The concept of immunizing against gonorrhea has received renewed interest because of the recent emergence of strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae that are resistant to most currently available antibiotics, an occurrence that threatens to render gonorrhea untreatable. However, despite efforts over many decades, no vaccine has yet been successfully developed for human use, leading to pessimism over whether this goal was actually attainable. Several factors have contributed to this situation, including extensive variation of the expression and specificity of many of the gonococcal surface antigens, and the ability of N. gonorrhoeae to resist destruction by complement and other innate immune defense mechanisms. The natural host restriction of N. gonorrhoeae for humans, coupled with the absence of any definable state of immunity arising from an episode of gonorrhea, have also complicated efforts to study gonococcal pathogenesis and the host's immune responses. However, recent findings have elucidated how the gonococcus exploits and manipulates the host's immune system for its own benefit, utilizing human-specific receptors for attachment to and invasion of tissues, and subverting adaptive immune responses that might otherwise be capable of eliminating it. While no single experimental model is capable of providing all the answers, experiments utilizing human cells and tissues in vitro, various in vivo animal models, including genetically modified strains of mice, and both experimental and observational human clinical studies, have combined to yield important new insight into the immuno-pathogenesis of gonococcal infection. In turn, these have now led to novel approaches for the development of a gonococcal vaccine. Ongoing investigations utilizing all available tools are now poised to make the development of an effective human vaccine against gonorrhea an achievable goal within a foreseeable time-frame.

Embeddability of ℓp and bases in Lipschitz free p-spaces for 0 < p ≤ 1

Our goal in this paper is to continue the study initiated by the authors in [4] of the geometry of the Lipschitz free p-spaces over quasimetric spaces for 0<p≤1, denoted Fp(M). Here we develop new techniques to show that, by analogy with the case p=1, the space ℓp embeds isomorphically in Fp(M) for 0<p<1. Going further we see that despite the fact that, unlike the case p=1, this embedding need not be complemented in general, complementability of ℓp in a Lipschitz free p-space can still be attained by imposing certain natural restrictions to M. As a by-product of our discussion on bases in Fp([0,1]), we obtain examples of p-Banach spaces for p<1 that are not based on a trivial modification of Banach spaces, which possess a basis but fail to have an unconditional basis.

Digital aspects of development of the modern world vehicle market on the example of electric vehicles

Automobilization is one of key factors of development of developed and emerging countries’ economy, therefore existence of the created, competitive automotive industry is the most important prerequisite of successful social and economic development of subjects of the world economy. The present stage of development of world automotive industry in the conditions of digitalization indissolubly and everywhere is connected with implementation of new technologies and also with transformation of commodity structure of production in which the significant share belongs to vehicles of new type. The purpose of this article was the research of digital aspects of transformation of world automotive industry on the example of the market of electric vehicles. It was established, that exhaustion of natural resources and the high prices of primary energy sources lead to gradual replacement in the market of vehicles in favor of electric vehicles. The structure of the modern world market of electric vehicles, which segments have different dynamics of development has been presented in the article. The main advantages and shortcomings of electric vehicles have been revealed. The last are in many respects caused by unavailability of national economies to essentially new industry. It has been established, that intensive development of the world market of electric vehicles will depend in the long term on modification of strategy of the international manufacturing companies as a result of digitalization and a new wave of scientific and technical progress. It as been proved that the Asian market of electric vehicles will develop the advancing rates in comparison with other regional markets. Improvement of measures of the state support of the electromobile industry remains relevant aspect for all countries of the world. In Russia existence of natural restrictions both in the sphere of production, and in the sphere of consumption, slows down development of the market of electric vehicles, including its hybrid segment.

Adenovirus oncoprotein E4orf6 triggers Cullin5 neddylation to activate the CLR5 E3 ligase for p53 degradation

The human adenovirus oncoprotein E4orf6 hijacks intracellular Cullin 5-based E3 ubiquitin ligases (CRL5s) to induce the degradation of host proteins, including p53, that impede efficient viral replication. The complex also relies on another viral protein, E1B55K, to recruit substrates for ubiquitination. However, the determinants of adenoviral E4orf6-CRL5 E3 ligase-mediated p53 degradation in the scaffolding protein Cullin5 remain rarely investigated. Here, we demonstrated that the viral protein E4orf6 triggered relocalization of the Cullin5 protein from the cytoplasm to the nucleus and induced activation of the CRL5 E3 ligase via facilitating neddylation. The expression of the deneddylase SENP8/Den1 was significantly downregulated by E4orf6. We then identified SENP8 as a natural restriction factor for E4orf6-induced p53 degradation. Furthermore, our results indicated that the NEDD8-conjugating E2 enzyme UBE2M was essential for E4orf6-mediated p53 degradation and that its dominant negative mutant UBE2M C111S dramatically blocked E4orf6 functions. The Nedd8-activating enzyme inhibitor MLN4924 decreased E4orf6-induced neddylation of the cullin5 protein and subsequently suppressed p53 degradation. Collectively, our findings illuminate the strategy by which this viral oncoprotein specifically utilizes the neddylation pathway to activate host CRL E3 ligases to degrade host restriction factors. Disrupting this post-translational modification is an attractive pharmacological intervention against human adenoviruses.