Resources Research Articles

Strategic determinants of military expenditure in Indonesia: Insights from AHP

This study investigates the key determinants of defense spending in Indonesia using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) to prioritize factors influencing budget allocations. Indonesia’s unique strategic position, resource wealth, and internal security challenges necessitate a comprehensive approach to defense budgeting. The AHP methodology was employed to assess the relative importance of four main criteria: National Resources, Internal Geopolitics, Finance, and Global Geopolitics. Data were gathered from a combination of literature reviews and insights from key stakeholders, including government agencies and academic experts. The results indicate that National Resources, particularly natural wealth such as oil, are the most critical factors driving military expenditure, highlighting Indonesia’s dependence on resource-based revenues. Internal Geopolitics, focusing on political stability and internal conflicts, also significantly influence defense spending, emphasizing the need for a stable domestic environment. The findings further reveal varying perspectives among stakeholders, particularly in financial and geopolitical considerations, underscoring the challenges in aligning strategic priorities. This research offers a structured framework for optimizing defense spending, providing valuable insights for policymakers in Indonesia and other nations with similar budgetary constraints. The study highlights the importance of a cohesive and informed defense budgeting strategy to enhance national security and economic sustainability.

Assessing and Optimizing the Connectivity of the Outdoor Green Recreation Network in Zhengzhou from the Perspective of Green Travel

With the increasing demand for outdoor recreation and fitness, this study aims to assess the connectivity of the outdoor green recreation (OGR) network from the perspective of green travel and propose optimization framework. The Point of Interest (POI) and Area of Interest (AOI) datasets of OGR spots in Zhengzhou were utilized as the primary research materials. A combination of GIS spatial analysis and Graph index calculation is employed to quantify and diagnose the connectivity of the OGR network based on multi-source data (land cover, topography, and road network). The index system for cost surface establishment was improved and proposed, shifting its focus from previous biological migration and ecological network to human green travel and improving the connectivity of the OGR network. The technical optimization process of the OGR network is explored and presented. The results show that: (1) The scale, number, and distribution of OGR spots and the connectivity of the OGR network are significantly different in urban and rural areas. Numerous small-scale OGR spots and short-distance recreational paths are distributed in urban areas, while a limited number of large-scale OGR spots and long-distance recreational paths are situated in rural areas with better natural resources. (2) Compared with driving travel, the connectivity of the OGR network is poor when walking and cycling. Graph indexes of Dg, BC, and dPC can be used to reflect the connection capability, bridging role, and contribution of each spot to overall network connectivity. (3) The current OGR network is optimized through 30 new spots based on the perspective of green travel and land suitability analysis. The network connectivity will improve by 4%, and the number of recreational paths suitable for green travel increased by 41. (4) The methodologies for quantifying and optimizing OGR network connectivity from the perspective of green travel will offer valuable references for future research in this field.

Role of Self-Help Groups in Women’s Empowerment and Sustainable Management of Minor Forest Produce in Rural Chhattisgarh

Minor Forest Produce (MFP) is an important source of income for tribal communities living in forests, and self-help groups (SHGs) are involved in procuring and aggregating MFPs. The sustainable management of natural resources relies heavily on women's contributions.This study aims to focus mainly on the role of SHGs in enhancing the empowerment of women and on assessing the impact of the same on MFP management practices that are concerned with adopting the sustainability approach. To assess how SHG empowered women at the grassroots levels of rural Chhattisgarh, a multidimensional index of empowerment was adopted. 200 women were selected through the stratified sampling method for in-depth surveys and interviews. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and regression analysis. The result showed that after joining SHG women are becoming more confident, assertive decision-makers, and better natural resource managers. Self-help groups have the potential to improve environmental and economic results in their communities by focusing on the empowerment of women. This study revealed that empowering women through the formation of SHGs is crucial in determining the sustainable management of minor forest products in rural Chhattisgarh. Therefore, there is a continual requirement for assistance and capacity building of self-help groups for them to continue playing an important role in activities that empower women while also supporting sustainable methods in operating microfinance programs (MFP).

A novel methodology for assessing resources and environmental carrying capacity with emphasis on ecosystem services: A multi-disciplinary approach to sustainable urban planning

Due to increased human activities, urban areas face challenges in maintaining their environment and natural resources in support of development. As a result, it is necessary to plan according to the availability of resources and the state of the environment to achieve sustainable development. For this purpose, Carrying capacity (CC) can be used to assess the sustainability of cities as complex Social-Ecological Systems (SES). By emphasizing Ecosystem Services (ESs) and regional thresholds, this paper proposes a novel methodology to evaluate Urban Resources and Environmental Carrying Capacity (URECC). At first, an integrated simulation model is developed by combining an ecosystem services simulation model, a surface and ground water simulation model, a priority-based water allocating model, and a demands (i.e., water, food, and energy) estimation model. To evaluate URECC, various measurement indicators are developed and combined with a multi-stage decision-making (MSDM) method. Also, the decision-making sequences of management strategies and climate change scenarios are used to evaluate changes in the future. Based on the results, in the two base stages (2013–2016) and (2017–2020), without applying strategies, the average value of pressure-support, distance, and composite indices changed by +1.5%, −75.6%, and −66.7%, respectively, indicating a decrease in the CC. The future period (i.e., 2021–2040) was divided into four-year decision-making stages. According to the results, with the implementation of top sequences of strategies, the average values of pressure-support, distance, and composite indices would surpass those of maintaining the current trend by 49.4%, 123.5%, and 63.7%, respectively. In conclusion, management actions such as the development of semi-centralized and decentralized wastewater treatment networks, the simultaneous expansion of green space and built-up land, the implementation of artificial recharge, the improvement of irrigation efficiency, the management of urban water consumption, and the use of vegetation with low to medium water demands are effective for strengthening the URECC.

Investigation Report on Characteristics Strength Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregate with Copper Slag and Granite Powder

Concrete is one of the most widely used construction materials, consisting of cement, fine aggregates, coarse aggregates, and water. Traditionally, Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC), river sand, and Hard Broken Granite (HBG) stone are used in concrete production. However, the over-extraction of these natural resources has led to environmental concerns and increased costs. This has created a need for sustainable alternatives that maintain concrete’s quality and performance. This study investigates the partial replacement of fine aggregates with copper slag and granite powder in M25 grade concrete. Copper slag, a by-product of copper smelting, and granite powder, obtained during granite stone cutting, possess physical and chemical properties that make them suitable for concrete. Additionally, Pozzolana Portland Cement (PPC) is examined as a sustainable alternative to OPC. PPC, with its pozzolanic characteristics, enhances workability, chemical resistance, and long- term strength while reducing the carbon footprint. The research evaluates the mechanical and chemical properties of concrete incorporating PPC, copper slag, and granite powder. The study also highlights the environmental and economic benefits, demonstrating how these materials can contribute to sustainable construction practices. By promoting the use of industrial by-products and alternative binders, this research aims to develop high-performance, eco-friendly concrete suitable for modern construction needs. Keywords: Concrete, sustainable construction, fine aggregate replacement, copper slag, granite powder, Pozzolana Portland Cement (PPC), M25 grade concrete, industrial by-products, environmental sustainability.

Utilizing Extractive Transportation Infrastructures for Subsistence Livelihoods: Experience of Evenki Communities in Eastern Siberia

The availability of natural resources drives the exploration and transformation of remote regions in the Arctic and beyond. Extractive infrastructure is one of the major sources of industrial development and environmental impact on landscapes. For Indigenous people, these landscapes are homely environments full of sentient beings, and for other local communities, they provide a wide variety of subsistence and hunting resources. While extractive infrastructure violence is the evident issue for many Indigenous communities, there are more complicated situations where extractive infrastructure is adopted and utilized for the subsistence and support of other human and more-than-human relations in local and Indigenous communities. Based on materials from interviews and observations with Evenki communities in Eastern Siberia in 2013–2021, the authors discuss the complex relations and sustainability issues entangled around infrastructure objects’ creation, use, maintenance, and transformations. The results demonstrate a wide variety of relations between obshchinas (non-governmental organizations of Indigenous peoples) and extractive companies constructed with infrastructure development of the latter. The paper discusses the shortcomings of the top-down approach in infrastructure planning and the need for contextualization and meaningful engagement with affected communities, some examples of which have already taken place in specific locales. The study concludes by calling for the support of environmentally and socially just infrastructure defined by Indigenous people and local communities as a way to increase sustainability.

Sustainability Practices and Compliance With the Sustainable Logistics Management Plan in Brazilian Federal Institutes

Objective: The objective of this study is to analyze the current stage of development, monitoring and dissemination of Sustainable Logistics Management Plans (PLS) published by Federal Institutes (IFS). Theoretical Framework: The excessive use of natural resources and the perception of environmental problems have led society to constantly discuss the negative impacts caused by the adopted production and consumption methods. In this way, the understanding of the relationship with the environment has been expanded, encouraging nations to engage in the search for sustainable development. In this movement, contemporary organizations have developed and developed strategies and actions in their daily lives in the search for sustainable practices. Method: The methodology adopted for this research comprises a descriptive survey, with a qualitative approach and a documentary type. Results and Discussion: The results obtained revealed that among the 38 Federal Institutes in Brazil, 17 have the PLS, which indicates that sustainability is still incipiently included in HEIs and that there is a lack of monitoring by government oversight bodies. The results also point to the need for greater transparency in the disclosure of sustainable practices, especially in relation to monitoring and evaluation reports of PLS. Research Implications: The practical and theoretical implications of this research are discussed, providing insights into how the results can be applied or influence practices in the field of sustainability. These implications may encompass administrative sectors. Originality/Value: This study contributes to the literature by highlighting the originality of the research, whether through an innovative approach, new findings or practical contributions. The relevance and value of this research are evidenced by the need for greater transparency in the disclosure of sustainable practices, especially in relation to monitoring and evaluation reports of PLS.

Informal pricing in formal fish markets: Evidence from the Solomon Islands

How are fish prices determined in the largest formal market in the Solomon Islands? The Honiara Central Market is the country’s primary fresh produce market, serving as an important conduit between rural food producers and urban consumers. One distinctive characteristic of this market is that despite a diverse range of reef fish species being available, all reef fish are traded nominally as homogeneous goods with no price differentiation. Using transaction-level data collected from the market, we show the prevalence of informal pricing, wherein the unit price of fish is implicitly differentiated based on fish species groups, quality, and buyers’ attributes. This result aligns with our expectation that diverse species groups and qualities are traded in a competitive environment with many vendors and buyers, where reef fish are indeed traded as heterogeneous products. Although fish provide a vital source of food and income for Pacific Island countries, the pricing of this vital natural resource is poorly understood. Our study provides new insights into how fish prices are determined in a formal market within the context of small island developing states.

Incentivizing water conservation in agriculture: A case study of the great salt lake watersheds

Abstract Conserving agricultural water resources is crucial for sustainable development, yet, developing effective policies is challenging due to limited site-specific information. We present a framework combining economic models and remote-sensing data to spatially explicitly assess willingness-to-accept payments to irrigators and unit water-saving costs. Applied to three major tributary watersheds of the Great Salt Lake, this frame- work identifies areas with the highest conservation potential and cost-effectiveness. We find that an annual water conservation goal of 581 million m3, necessary to restore the lake within 30 years, can be met by fallowing irrigated alfalfa fields. With 95% certainty, this goal would be fully achieved with annual payments of US$325 million under site-specific payments or US$376 million under county-level payments, or at least 84% achieved with US$341 million under watershed-level payments. This framework can be applied to explore policy priorities and the economic viability of land-based natural resource protection, informing funding decisions and achieving conservation goals in various contexts.

Mycoprotein: A Healthy and Sustainable Source of Alternative Protein-Based Foods.

Perhaps the most important challenge currently facing agrifood is how to ensure a more sustainable food system by changing the way we eat. Fermentation of fungi to produce mycoprotein can address this imperative by utilizing an age-old technology and a largely untapped natural resource. In this review, we look at the origins of mycoprotein, fermentation at scale, and downstream applications of mycoprotein as food. We review the advances in our understanding of the underpinning science from fermentation through to food development and the evidence base of research that provides insights into the impacts of diets rich in mycoprotein on both the health of our bodies and the environment. We show that mycoprotein has a valuable and future-facing role as a healthy new protein with a low environmental impact.

Navigating the path to environmental sustainability: Insights from CIVETS on the intersection of ICT diffusion, natural resources, and green technological innovation.

The rapid technological and economic growth in CIVETS countries poses challenges to environmental sustainability. This study explores the intricate relationships between Information and Communication Technology (ICT), natural resource usage, and green innovation in these economies. Employing advanced statistical models uncovers long-term and short-term patterns, providing valuable insights for policymakers, stakeholders, and scholars. Key findings reveal that ICT diffusion can potentially reduce carbon emissions, while natural resource rent is linked to increased ecological footprints. Conversely, green technological innovation is promising in alleviating environmental degradation. The study underscores the importance of comprehensive policies integrating ICT diffusion, sustainable resource management, and green innovation. To achieve environmental sustainability, the study recommends responsible natural resource extraction, fiscal incentives for green innovation, digital tools for environmental monitoring, and international collaboration. Public awareness and sustainable urbanization practices guided by ICT are also crucial. These insights help policymakers balance economic development with ecological preservation in the CIVETS nations.

The Influence of Safety Performance For Hauling Operators At PT. XYZ

Occupational safety is a crucial issue in the mining industry, given the high risk of accidents that can occur in the field. The mining industry plays an important role in the economy of many countries, especially those rich in natural resources. The purpose of the research is to analyze the effect of safety culture and work environment on safety performance. This research uses quantitative analysis with survey methods. The sample in the study was 154 hauling operators and the analysis tool used SEM-PLS. the research results state that there is a positive and significant influence on safety culture and the work environment on safety performance. This suggests that the results of the study can provide a strong basis for companies to develop and strengthen safety culture programs that focus on increasing awareness and compliance with safety procedures among hauling operators. In addition, improvements in the design and condition of the work environment can create a safer and more comfortable working environment, which in turn will improve safety performance and operator productivity. The implications of the research show that a good safety culture and work environment significantly improve the safety performance of hauling operators at PT XYZ. To improve safety, the company should intensify safety training and rewards, improve working conditions, and adopt the latest safety technologies and procedures. With these measures, PT XYZ can reduce work incidents, increase productivity and strengthen its safety reputation.

Biodiversity, Traditional Uses, and Pharmacological Potential of Medicinal Plants of Mozambique

Mozambique possesses great biological diversity, with approximately 5500 plant species. Around 90% of its population uses natural resources for food and traditional medicine, being miombo forests serving as key providers for rural communities. The trade of medicinal plants also constitutes a significant economic activity for both rural and urban households. This study aims to review ethnobotanical and ethnopharmacological studies on medicinal plants in Mozambique and explore their agricultural and conservation potential. Articles published between 2010 and 2024 were included and identified 472 medicinal plant species, 400 of which were classified to species or genus level, spanning 277 genera and 93 botanical families. The most cited families include Leguminosae (61 species), Euphorbiaceae (20), and Combretaceae (17). Notable species are Momordica balsamina, Sclerocarya birrea, Annona senegalensis, and Cassia abbreviata. Sixteen in vitro studies explored medicinal plants’ antibacterial, antimycobacterial, antimicrobial, anticancer, and antimalarial properties. Prominent results were shown by Maerua edulis (tuberculosis), Tabernaemontana elegans (malaria), and Momordica balsamina (cancer). This work underscores the critical role of natural resources in Mozambique’s primary healthcare system and highlights their agricultural and economic potential. As the first comprehensive compilation of commonly used medicinal plants in the country, it calls for sustainable cultivation practices and further research to enhance their use and benefits.

METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO ASSESSING AND REALIZING THE INVESTMENT POTENTIAL OF THE COUNTRY’S ECONOMY IN THE CONTEXT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

THE PURPOSE OF THE ARTICLE is to study methodological approaches to assessing and realizing the investment potential of the country’s economy in the context of sustainable development. RESEARCH METHODS. In writing the article, the following research methods were used: analytical method – to study the indicators of the country’s investment potential, study trends and previous studies in this area; theoretical analysis – in analyzing modern theoretical approaches to assessing and realizing investment potential in the context of sustainable development; method of empirical research and comparative analysis – to identify advantages and disadvantages; case study – to identify factors of successful realization of investment potential, taking into account the principles of sustainable development. PRESENTING MAIN MATERIAL. In the context of globalization and increasing environmental risks, the issue of rational use of investment potential in the context of sustainable development is of particular relevance, where investments are becoming a key element that ensures economic growth, improvement of social welfare and environmental protection. The investment potential of a national economy is a set of resources and conditions that enable the attraction and efficient use of investments in various sectors of the economy, including: economic resources; social resources; natural resources; and institutional resources. Among the methodological approaches to assessing investment potential, the most popular is the classical approach, where the assessment of investment potential is based on the analysis of such indicators as the level of domestic and foreign investment, GDP structure, level of savings and investment activity of enterprises. In the context of sustainable development, the assessment of investment potential takes into account additional factors such as environmental risks, the level of social responsibility, and the availability of green investment projects. Innovations and the introduction of green technologies are key elements in the context of sustainable development, where government support is directed to funding research and supporting green investments. Countries that have succeeded in realizing their investment potential in the context of sustainable development are characterized by: a developed institutional framework (availability of effective institutions that support investment activities), a high level of innovation activity (active implementation of innovations in various sectors of the economy), and effective environmental policy (active state support for environmentally friendly technologies and projects). Therefore, approaches to assessing and realizing investment potential take into account the main aspects of innovative development and the introduction of green technologies, where the state helps to create a favorable investment climate and support sustainable development by stimulating investment, developing infrastructure and supporting innovation. CONCLUSIONS. In today’s world, the concept of sustainable development is central to the economic development strategies of countries, where one of the key aspects is the effective use of investment potential to ensure sustainable economic growth. The main approaches to realizing investment potential include: creating a favorable investment climate (legislative regulation that stimulates investment in low-carbon sectors; reducing bureaucratic barriers for foreign and domestic investors; developing infrastructure that supports sustainable production and consumption); integrating sustainable development principles into investment projects (assessing the impact of projects on the environment and social aspects; implementing investments in energy efficiency and renewable energy). It has been established that the realization of the country’s investment potential in the context of sustainable development requires an integrated approach and systematic integration of economic, social and environmental requirements, which requires active cooperation between government, business, academia and the public to achieve common goals of sustainable development and provide future generations with a stable and environmentally friendly living environment. KEYWORDS: investment potential; national economy; sustainable development; methodological approaches; economic development of the country; economic growth; assessment and implementation; investment climate; investment projects; financing; infrastructure.

Pengaruh Green Economy dan Sustainable Ecotourism terhadap Peningkatan Ekonomi Masyarakat Studi: Ekowisata Mangrove Lembung

Green economy and sustainable ecotourism are currently the main focus in efforts to advance the tourism sector which is not only economically profitable but also environmentally sustainable. The aim of this research is to determine the influence of green economy and sustainable ecotourism on improving the community's economy in the Lembung Mangrove Ecotourism. This research involved 94 respondents consisting of local communities, business actors, tourists and tourism managers in the Lembung Mangrove Ecotourism area. The method used is quantitative using the regression method to test the relationship between the variables green economy, sustainable ecotourism and economic improvement. The results of the analysis show that the two dependent variables contribute significantly to economic growth. Green economy shows a significant positive influence, indicating that the application of green economy principles such as efficient management of natural resources and environmentally friendly technology has a big impact on sustainable economic growth. Meanwhile, sustainable ecotourism also has a significant positive influence through the principles of environmental conservation and empowerment of local communities which supports increased economic prosperity. The results of this hypothesis test confirm that sustainability in the economy and ecotourism is able to create a balance between economic growth and environmental preservation. This research makes an important contribution to the development of sustainable economic policies that support the future of the ecotourism sector.

The Complexities of Establishing Transboundary Water Management Institutions in Post-Colonial Territories: A Study of Nile River TWMI Construction

Transboundary Water Management Institutions (TWMI) are traditionally seen as comprehensive solutions for addressing the distribution of transnational river water resources, among other alternative strategies. TWMI plays a crucial role in redirecting the potential for conflict in transnational rivers towards more constructive and cooperative outcomes. However, the establishment of TWMI is fraught with challenges, particularly due to the 'limited' nature of available water resources and geopolitical tensions among riparian states. This article argues that the obstacles to forming TWMI under certain conditions extend beyond geopolitical factors and resource limitations. In former colonial territories, the complexities hindering the creation of TWMI are further compounded by the enduring legacy of colonialism and the post-independence needs of these riparian nations. Using the Nile River as a case study and employing Comparative Political Theory (CPT) as a research method, this paper illustrates how colonial legacies in riparian states not only exacerbate but also perpetuate the challenges in establishing Transboundary Water Management Institutions. This article highlights the underexplored impact of colonial legacies on the discourse of multilateral institutional building and international relations among postcolonialism countries, which continue to shape the process of forming international organizations responsible for managing shared natural resources across countries.

Growing mismatches of supply and demand of ecosystem services in the Netherlands

A sufficient supply of goods and services from ecosystems is vital to ensure human well-being. This study evaluates whether the demand for goods and services within the Netherlands is met by Dutch ecosystems, could otherwise be provided through technology and/or by imports, or remains (partially) unmet. Additionally, this study shows the dynamics of supply and demand of these services over time. The results reveal that no ecosystem service supply is fully meeting the total demand provided by Dutch ecosystems. Additionally, for the majority of the services (10 out of 17), the gap between supply and demand widened over the last two decades, indicating a growing mismatch. Imports and technology only partly close the gap between supply and demand. The growing mismatch between supply and demand is expected to lead to increasing negative impacts on human well-being, such as poor air and water quality, heat stress in urban areas, increasing flood risks, limiting opportunities for outdoor recreation and loss of biodiversity. Our findings show that current policy goals to maintain and restore ecosystem services are not on track in the Netherlands. Urgent action is necessary to enhance the sustainable utilization of natural resources and to optimize the balance between supply and demand. Priority should be given to goods and services facing unmet demand where imports or technological solutions are not feasible, particularly those where the gap between supply and demand is widening.

A perspective on the environmental impact of plant-based protein concentrates and isolates

Plant-based proteins are promoted as nutritious, environmentally safe, and a key element for food security. Numerous studies using environmental life cycle assessments confirmed plant-based meat alternatives are more environmentally favorable than animal-derived meat. However, most missed other factors from protein extraction and concentration that contribute to environmental impact (both positive and negative). Furthermore, few studies examined the entire environmental impact because they overlooked social and nutritional life cycle assessments. Many publications assumed most environmental impact occurred in crop cultivation before high protein products are manufactured. However, industrial plant-based protein extraction, concentration, and purification require large amounts of natural resources, energy, chemicals, and highly specialized equipment seldom accurately assessed from an environmental, social, and nutritional perspective. This paper presents opinions and perspectives on additional information to consider to fully realize environmental benefits of highly proteinaceous plant-based food ingredients. Elements are also discussed we perceive as “hot spots” for future assessments in presenting a complete picture for minimizing environmental impact and how the numerous actors in this supply chain can transform our food system and secure protein availability for future generations.

Use of the SWAT Model to Simulate the Hydrological Response to LULC in a Binational Basin between Ecuador and Peru

Land use change has played a crucial role in altering the hydrological behavior, making detailed assessments essential to ensure sustainable water resource management and the conservation of natural ecosystems. This study focuses on simulating the impact of different Land Use and Land Cover (LULC) scenarios for the years 1985, 1995, 2005, and 2015 on the water balance in the Puyango-Tumbes River basin, which spans across Ecuador and Peru, during the period 1981-2015. The results indicated an 18.3% increase in the grassland areas and a significant 38.2% reduction in the savanna zones, contributing to an annual 2.1% increase in the Evapotranspiration (PET) rates. These land use changes led to a 29.2% decrease in the Percolation (PERC), a 20.7% decrease in the Surface Runoff (SURQ), a 33% reduction in the Groundwater Flow (GW_Q), and a 26.6% decrease in the Annual Water Yield (WYLD), as well as a slight reduction of 0.9% in the Lateral flow (LAT_Q). These findings highlight the importance of considering land use changes to ascertain the sustainable management of natural resources, particularly in a transboundary basin.

Utilization of Eggshell Powder as a Green Mortar Material

Recycling waste in cementitious materials promotes sustainable construction. It helps to prevent the depletion of natural resources while also reusing abundant recyclable wastes. Eggshells are one of these wastes that is being generated in large quantities because eggs are not expensive and have high nutritional value. On the other side, eggshell has a high content of calcium carbonate. It has a similar composition to the limestone powder used to produce Portland cement. This work investigates the effect of replacing a part of the cement with eggshell powder on mortar properties. The substitution rates were 5 %, 10 %, and 15 % of the cement’s mass. The results were compared with those of an ordinary mortar for the following properties: workability, compressive strength, flexural tensile strength, density in the hardened state, water absorption by total immersion, porosity accessible to water, depth of water penetration under pressure and chemical attack by sulfuric acid. The experimental results show that adding eggshell powder as a partial cement substitute up to 10% improved workability, increased compressive strength by about 10 % and flexural tensile strength by about 20 %, reduced density, and produced a more durable mortar by reducing porosity, water absorption, and water penetration depth under pressure. On the other hand, it decreased resistance to chemical attack by sulfuric acid. Thus, eggshell powder could be used in future construction materials to reduce carbon dioxide emissions.