Reserves Of Natural Resources Research Articles

Beneficiation of rare earth elements contained in phosphogypsum using sequenced treatment process

Concerns regarding the availability of rare earth elements (REEs) and the depletion of natural resource reserves have made it necessary to look for a significant breakthrough that may pave the way for the mining of several low-grade deposits and secondary resources. Phosphogypsum (PG) is one of the promising alternatives to preserve a steady flow of REEs and mitigate the loss of natural reserves. Nonetheless, the low concentration of REEs in PG implies the necessity of an enrichment step prior to any extraction attempt. To tackle the difficult challenges of REEs concentration from diluted phosphate-derived by-products, this study concentrated on determining the likely speciation of REEs and their beneficiation, as well as conducting an economic assessment of the potential industrial value of REEs present in PG. It was found that the alkaline solubilization of the gypsum phase of PG using Na4EDTA favored the beneficiation of different qualities of PG. Moreover, it was found that the abatement of residual undesirable phases by mineral acid (HF) for quartz (SiO2) elimination, or pyrometallurgical process, improved the enrichment of REEs in the residual concentrate. A REEs concentration of 4317.55 ppm and 4390.23 ppm were achieved after sequenced alkaline, neutral, and acidic treatment of low-grade PG (238.22 ppm); and sequenced alkaline, neutral, and pyrometallurgical treatment of high-grade PG (389.75 ppm), respectively. Furthermore, an elementary assessment of REEs speciation revealed that REEs could potentially be present as insoluble rare earth fluorides (REF3) and/or rare earth phosphates (REPO4).

Preparation and characterization of handsheet using cellulose based Agri-weed: A sustainable utilization of Urena Lobata fiber

The increasing depletion of reserves of natural resources has led to a growing worldwide focus on the exploitation of available waste in new domains. The presence of weedy plants is pervasive on a global scale and has detrimental effects on several aspects of the environment, agriculture, and people's health. Therefore, repurposing these Agri-weed plants for beneficial purposes would be a significant achievement. Furthermore, since raw materials constitute a substantial portion of manufacturing costs, using weeds as a feasible substitute for raw materials might potentially provide considerable advantages for manufacturers. In this study, an endeavor has been made to the utilization of agricultural waste “Urena Lobata”, for the purpose of paper production. In the interim, the utilization of Urena Lobata as an alternative and sustainable raw material for pulp and paper industry could potentially offer a beneficial approach to mitigation of deforestation. The effective production of handsheets with weights of 70 g/m2 and 80 g/m2 was achieved using Urena Lobata fiber, Bleached Urena Lobata Fiber, and hardwood kraft pulp. Mechanical characteristics of handsheet's were comprehensively examined by the bursting index, tensile strength, tear index, brightness percentage and scanning electron microscope for handsheet's morphology. The results show that the handsheets produced by Urena Lobata fiber exhibit a much lower brightness percentage, high tensile strength and bursting index. Alongside, handsheets by bleached Urena Lobata fiber indicate higher brightness percentage, satisfactory values for tensile strength, bursting index, and tear index. The prepared materials are suitable for a broad spectrum of prospective applications, encompassing newsprint, tissue paper, filtration paper as well as high-quality writing and printing paper.

The Role of Russian Non-Resource Export in Technological Sovereignty Achievement of African Countries

The modern trends of world economic development include complicated digital and transformation processes, which create a wide range of risks and challenges to the actual positions of countries in the world architecture. Also, they open new opportunities for competitiveness and welfare improvement of any state or regional groups, in particular by their technological sovereignty creation. The share of African countries in the world trade accounts for 3%, however, the interest in this region, as a foreign trade partner, is increasing. This is driven by the intensity of considerable reserves of natural resources, existing and potential in the sphere of renewable energy sources and of local production involvement in global value chains. All this stimulates to elaborate on their own technologies, mitigating the extent of regional economic dependence on external factors. Thus, the African region continues to attract investors, and from this position, Russia is not the exception. At the moment, amid sanctions and diversification of export flows, African countries are actual for Russian producers and suppliers from the implementation process. This paper highlights the key positions of Russian non-resource commodities to African countries, defines the major markets of sales and also to analyze the role of Russian export in African countries’ technological sovereignty achievement.

Specific features of basalts, its melting and tempering in different environments

The paper discusses the radical approach to expanding the possibilities of obtaining metals from untapped reserves of natural resources. It presents the results of scientific research dedicated to studying the specific components of the elements contained. The results of the preparation and implementation of smelting works at the basalt deposit ‘Asmansay-1ʹ are provided. The analysis of the results of melting basaltic minerals from the ‘Asmansay’ deposit is presented, along with their annealing in different environments. The aim is to determine the optimal parameters for the melting of basalt and similar ores.

Investigation of the effect of natural resource dependence on environmental sustainability under the novel load capacity curve hypothesis

ABSTRACT The concern that over-depleting natural resources (NAT) may somehow be costly for environmental quality is a recurrent topic in empirical analysis. However, the literature has predominantly focused on studying the effects of increases in NAT use on the environment, ignoring potential non-linear interactions. The current study seeks to expand the previous literature by examining the non-linear environmental ramifications of NAT in Russia, home to one of the world’s richest natural resource reserves. In this regard, adopting the load capacity factor (LCF) as an environmental indicator, the study examines how the positive and negative changes in NAT affect the country’s environmental well-being within the framework of the N-ARDL model for 1992–2021. This study uses artificial intelligence unit root and asymmetric Fourier causality approach for robustness analysis. Empirical evidence suggests that positive shocks to NAT have a deleterious influence on the LCF, while negative changes in NAT contribute to environmental well-being. Nonetheless, the long-term influence of a unit positive shock in NAT decreases the LCF by a greater amount than a unit negative shock increases it. The results also demonstrate a ‘U-shaped’ connection between income growth and ecological well-being, confirming the validity of the LCC hypothesis. Furthermore, the outcomes reveal that renewable energy consumption and human capital upgrade environmental quality. Therefore, Russian policymakers should focus on the SDG 7, 12, and 13 targets, which refer to substantially increasing the quality of primary and secondary education, the share of green energy in the total energy mix, and effective resource management and utilization.

Legal Analysis in Mitigating Environmental Impacts Due to Coal Mining in Batanghari Regency, Jambi Province

Jambi Province is one of the provinces in Indonesia with natural mining wealth which contains many natural resource reserves. The processing of these natural resources has the potential to be managed as an energy source very well, such as the natural resources contained in it are coal. one of the areas in Kotoboyo village, Dalam subdistrict XXIV, Batanghari Regency, Jambi Province, is one of the largest coal producing areas in Indonesia, this area has been very productive in recent years, several coal mining companies have been located in the area, this does not necessarily mean that This means that the results of coal reserves can have a positive impact on the people who live in the surrounding area. In fact, there tends to be no visible environmental impact on the community. The mining activity process around the mine still uses national public road access, causing traffic jams that last for kilometers and disrupt traffic. crossing public roads in local communities, the Central, Regional Government and the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources should firmly work together to face the polemics that occur in the community as quickly as possible to provide solutions so that special road access to reduce the massive mobility of coal mining movements can be realized immediately for the prosperity of the community's economic movement.

Temporal Variation of Sunshine Duration and Its Potential Affecting Factors with Emphasis on Saudi Arabia for the Period 1983-2022

The rising trend in fossil fuel prices and the depletion of natural resource reserves in the future force the authority of any country to find a more sustainable option for energy sources, so that future energy demand can be ensured for sustainable development. Assessing the trend and availability of sunshine duration (SD) at a spatiotemporal scale and the effect of different metrological parameters on the SD change is crucial to ensure the efficient utilization of solar energy, support the growth of renewable energy systems, and contribute to a sustainable future. In Saudi Arabia, The average monthly SD is 283 ± 18 hm-1, and there was a rising trend of SD that increased at a rate of 1.48 hy-1 with a 95% confidence level. Most of the regions experienced an annual mean of SD between 3375 and 3754 hy-1, except for the southwest and the middle-eastern part where SD was between 3072 and 3375 hours in a year. The highest mean monthly SD was 318 ± 39 hm-1 during the summer season, but the trend of SD changes over the years was downward ( -0.21 hy-1). The mean monthly SD was lowest (244 ± 38 hm-1) in the winter season, and the changing pattern of SD was on the rise at a rate of 0.26 hy-1 with a 95% confidence level. There was a decline in SD across the country between 1983 and 1998, whereas from 2000 onward the country experienced an upward trend in SD. Relative humidity (R = -0.53, p < 0.01) and cloud cover (R = -0.42, p < 0.05) as potential factors have a strong negative correlation with SD, whereas wind speed (R = 0.06, p > 0.1) and temperature (R = 0.12, p > 0.1) have a positive correlation with SD in the region.

Do natural resources lead to a curse or blessing in terms of income inequality?

This study examines the effects of the revenues generated by the extraction of natural resource reserves on income distribution in countries with natural resource reserves. The theoretical underpinning is based on the view that natural resources, which are defined in the literature as the natural resources curse, cause many adverse macroeconomic and political effects on countries' natural resource discoveries and revenues from extracted natural resources. The study aims to investigate whether natural resources have adverse effects on income inequality for countries with higher revenues of natural resources and abundant natural resources. For this purpose, we perform estimations using the system GMM estimator for low-income, lower-middle-income and natural resources-rich countries in the period 2009–2019. We find an inverted U-shaped relationship between natural resource rent and income inequality. In other words, natural resource rent has a cursing effect up to a threshold, then it has a blessing effect on income inequality. We also find an inverted U-shaped relationship between economic growth and income inequality. Additionally, the rule of law has a negative effect on income inequality.

Effect of Product Quality and Promotion on Purchasing Decisions

As a nation endowed with a diverse cultural heritage and vast reserves of natural resources, Indonesia requires the acquisition and utilization of state-of-the-art defense equipment and technology. The Panzer Anoa is a military armored vehicle manufactured by a company specializing in the production of armament systems and commercial products. This vehicle serves the purpose of personnel transportation, commonly referred to as armored personnel carriers (APCs). Over the past three years, there has been a noticeable decrease in the sales of the Panzer Anoa, a product manufactured by a company producing Main Equipment Armament Systems and commercial goods. According to the data provided by the company operating in the Main Armament System Equipment industry and commercial products, 25 units were sold within three years. This figure falls significantly short of the predetermined target of 72 units, resulting in a sales percentage of merely 34.72%. The study employed a quantitative research methodology characterized by a descriptive and verification approach. The sample consisted of 54 respondents selected using a stratified random sampling technique. In gathering supporting data and information, primary data is utilized, specifically in the form of questionnaire data directly obtained from a company operating in Armament Systems Primary Equipment and commercial products. The study's findings demonstrated that each statement item exhibited validity, as indicated by values exceeding 0.30 and reliability, with results surpassing 0.60. The study findings indicate that the product quality factor exhibited a high significance level, with a coefficient of 0.981. Similarly, the promotion factor strongly influenced the purchase decision, as evidenced by its coefficient of 0.977. Furthermore, the purchase decision itself was found to be significantly influenced by various factors, with a coefficient of the t-test yielded T count values of 3.981 (p < 0.001) and 2.826 (p < 0.001), both of which exceed the critical T table value of 2.007. attributable to other factors. Another factor that has yet to be examined is the value of 0.263, or 26.3%. Furthermore, it is noteworthy that the influence of product quality is more pronounced, with a total effect of 0.4361 or 43.61%, compared to the total effect of promotion, which stands at 0.3002 or 30.02%. It is advisable for companies operating in the Armament System Primary Equipment and commercial products sector to place a high emphasis on product quality. These results can be achieved by consistently enhancing the features of the Anoa Panzer and streamlining its operational processes.

The main priorities of Russia's Foreign Policy in Sub-Saharan Africa: Historical experience and Modern approaches

The authors of the article consider the main directions of development of Russia's foreign policy in sub-Saharan Africa; show how the historical foundations of cooperation with sub-Saharan African countries were laid. Today, the African continent is one of the dynamically developing regions of the world with huge reserves of natural resources and human resources; the role of African countries in global political processes is also rapidly increasing, while developing countries are striving to create a multipolar world as opposed to the "rules-based world" imposed by the West. The Russian Federation as the successor of the USSR historically builds its relations with African countries on equal partnership basis, being guided in its foreign policy by the norms of international law. Such an approach lays a solid foundation for the active development of relations with African countries. From their side African countries are also manifesting increasing interest in hands cooperation with the Russian Federation, seeing it as reliable economic and political partner. The authors of the article come to the conclusion that it is necessary to activate Russian presence in Africa in the conditions of intensified competition for influence on the continent.

Do natural resources ensure access to sustainable renewable energy in developing economies? The role of mineral resources in a resources-energy novel setting

Natural resource rents offer both opportunities and challenges. Effectively harnessing these rents while mitigating the associated risks is crucial for promoting sustainable economic development, environmental conservation, and social welfare in these nations. This study highlights the role of natural resource rents, economic activity, and energy efficiency on renewable electricity output in case of BRICS countries from 1988 to 2021. Investigating the nexus between resources' rents on renewable electricity output in BRICS countries is crucial because each of the BRICS countries has unique energy profiles and large natural resource reserves. The significant results of the Westerlund cointegration test provide strong evidence of a long-term association amongst natural resource rents, GDP, energy efficiency, and renewable electricity output in the BRICS countries. This finding highlights the importance of understanding and considering the long-term dynamics and interdependencies among these variables when formulating policies and strategies for sustainable energy development. The estimates of the quantile regression approach suggest that coal rents and mineral rents negatively affect renewable electricity output. On the contrary, energy efficiency, forest rents, oil rents, and GDP positively affect renewable electricity output. The findings underscore the need for tailored policies by addressing each country's key challenges and opportunities. By leveraging natural resource rents, promoting sustainable economic growth, and enhancing energy efficiency, BRICS countries can accelerate their transition to a more sustainable and renewable-based energy system, contributing to global climate change mitigation efforts.

Edukasi Kebijakan Migas di Indonesia

Oil and gas policy is important to know how the system is used in carrying out oil and gas industry activities in a country. Royalty Rate, Cost Recovery, Contractor Share, Domestic Market Obligation, Investment Credit, Signature Bonus, Production Bonus, First Tranche Petroleum and Corporate Tax Rate are things that will give effect in determining investment in this industry. Indonesia is a country in Southeast Asia that has relatively large reserves of oil and natural gas resources. The oil and gas industry has become the country's main income, to control this industrial activity a policy is needed. The target of community service activities are students of the Dumai Petroleum Vocational School, Dumai Municipality, Riau Province. The problem faced is that students and female students do not know much about and get information about Oil and Gas Management Policies in Indonesia. The solution offered by the team proposing community service is to provide material on knowledge of oil and gas management policies in Indonesia. The approach taken is in the form of observation, discussion, and question and answer with groups of partners, formulating problems and providing solutions to problems. The results achieved by this activity were that students at SMK Migas Dumai gained knowledge about Oil and Gas Management Policies in Indonesia. The expected output types are (1) scientific publications in journals/proceedings, (2) publications in mass media (print/electronic), and (3) increased knowledge

LOGICAL METHODS OF FORECASTING ENVIRONMENTALLY SAFE HANDLING OF TECHNOSPHERE OBJECTS

The relevance of research in the field of environmental protection, ensuring the environmental safety of the life support of settlements, incl. construction and urban economy, as well as energy and resource saving, rational, eco-nomical, careful use of natural resources is predetermined by the modern course of the Russian state and society to-wards sustainable socio-economic development. The purpose of this study was the formation of necessary and suffi-cient conditions, predictive parameters and indicators of the transition of the life support system of technosphere ter-ritories to a resource-saving technological mode of environmentally safe life. To achieve this goal, for the first time the methods of logical and mathematical analysis were applied, which, according to the author's intention, implement the function of transition from the managerial and organizational and technical formulation of the problem to its mathematical formalization. The paper uses a new conceptual author's approach to the identification of technosphere objects not as sources of environmental and sanitary hazard, but as resource and raw material components of the re-production of material goods, taking into account the implementation of the strategic tasks of preserving the non-renewable strategic reserve of natural resources of the Russian Federation, protecting the population, components of natural environment and territories from unfavorable technospheric factors and environmental threats, possible emergency situations of a man-caused nature. Based on the results of the research, the paper solves the problem of logical analysis and forecasting of the parameters of environmentally safe life on the basis of resource-saving princi-ples of re-use of construction and other products that have completed their service life, were in use. The results of the work can be used in the formation of strategies, concepts, programs for sustainable socio-economic, environmental, industrial-technological, scientific and technical development of various sectors of the economy, municipalities and regions based on the transition to a resource-saving technological mode of environmentally safe life support for terri-tories.

Non-linear impact of natural resources, green financing, and energy transition on sustainable environment: A way out for common prosperity in NORDIC countries

In a couple of decades, the immense interest of scholars and policymakers is to identify the factors that support environmental sustainability without sacrificing economic well-being. Nordic countries with huge natural resource reserves are known as the top countries of the “European GDP per capita league table.” However, with the lofty climate targets, these countries are still responsible for environmental impairments through their incessant contribution to the global energy supply network. Therefore, to defeat this predicament, the study investigates the role of natural resources (NTR), green finance (GFN), green energy (GEC), and economic growth (GDP) in Nordic countries from 1990 to 2018. The study employed the novel quantile-based econometrics approach of “Method of the Moments Quantile Regression” (MMQR), which provides the direction and magnitude of the asymmetric association of NTR, GFN, GEC, and GDP with the ecological footprint. The results of this test revealed that the NTR and GDP have a significantly positive influence, while GEN and GEC have significantly negative associations with an ecological footprint across all quantiles. This has implied that green finance and green energy work as the solution, whereas natural resources and economic growth are key drivers of environmental degradation. Further, the “Augmented Mean Group” (AMG) and “Common Correlated Effect Mean Group” (CCEMG) are used as the robustness check, which endorsed the same association of NTR, GFN, GEC, and GDP with the EFP suggested by MMQR. Based on these findings, the study suggests policy implications for controlling the ecological footprint in Nordic countries.

Criminal Law Policy Against Illegal Logging as an Effort to Protect National Forest Areas (Study on Solok Protection Forest Management Unit)

The criminal act of illegal logging has been regulated in detail in Law Number 41 of 1999 concerning Forestry, although this law does not mention the existence of the term illegal logging. In an effort to improve ecological functions and restore natural resource reserves, the West Sumatra provincial government has made a policy to reduce the rate of forest destruction (per year) through efforts to reduce critical land area and maintain forest sustainability, including by protecting forests from illegal logging and forest fires that is the cause of forest destruction. The problems discussed in this study are (1) how is the criminal law policy carried out in the context of preventing and enforcing the law against illegal logging crimes? (2) what efforts can be made to enforce the law against illegal logging? This research is a legal research with analytical descriptive specifications. The approach used is the Normative Juridical approach as the main approach which is supported by the Empirical Juridical approach. The data used are secondary data and primary data collected through literature studies and interviews. The data obtained were analyzed qualitatively and presented in an analytical descriptive form. Based on the results of the discussion and analysis, it can be concluded that First, the Criminal Law Policy Implemented in the Context of Prevention and Enforcement of Illegal Logging is illustrated in the legal policy against illegal logging based on Law Number 41 of 1999 concerning Forestry which describes crimes in the forestry sector. as stated in Article 50 and Article 78, however regarding what is called a forestry crime is not formulated explicitly, giving rise to multiple interpretations in several circles. Second, law enforcement efforts against Illegal Logging crimes that can be carried out include harmonizing local regulations with Law Number 41 of 1999 concerning Forestry, imposing severe sanctions on perpetrators of illegal logging crimes, increasing coordination among law enforcement officials and with agencies. other related matters, Eradicating corruption through the application of Law Number 31 of 1999 as amended by Law Number 20 of 2001 concerning the Eradication of Corruption Crimes, Ensnare perpetrators of illegal logging in an integral (total) manner, and Adding facilities, infrastructure, and operational budget for handling illegal logging cases.

Can energy efficiency and natural resources foster economic growth? Evidence from BRICS countries

The availability of natural resources has a significant impact on economic growth. Nevertheless, the ineffective utilization of these resources can lead to economic instability and conflict, in addition to poor economic performance. Despite abundant natural resources, several resource-rich countries, such as Brazil, Africa, and India, have not realized the benefits of their natural capital and have not reaped the benefits of their abundant natural resource reserves. This study examines the role of natural resource rent in effecting economic development is evaluated for Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa nations between the years 1990 and 2020 in the context of energy efficiency, financial risk, and technological innovation. To estimate the parameters, advanced econometric methods are utilized. According to the findings, natural resources have an effect that is counterproductive to the advancement of the economy. As a direct consequence, the resource curse argument can be validated for the sample nations. In addition, we found that improvements in technological innovation and energy efficiency both contributed positively to the expansion of the economy. On the other hand, the likelihood of financial loss is inversely proportional to economic development.

Natural resources extraction and global COP26 target: An overview of USA economy

The most pressing problem facing the globe in these modern times is that of the environment, which is being harmed by carbon emissions. When economic expansion is taking place at a breakneck pace, maintaining environmental protection is widely regarded as a formidable obstacle for the economies of the globe. The environmental problems that are a direct result of carbon emissions have garnered a lot of attention recently, and it is essential to make use of renewable energy technology in order to address these issues. The extent to which a countries natural resource reserves are important for economic and environmental performance as well as the magnitude of its effect have been widely contested. The current research took into account the reliance on natural resources as a crucial aspect in meeting the spike in environmental concerns in the United States. Using the data for USA from 1984 to 2021, this study empirically analyses the nexus between TNRENT and CO2E. The findings indicate that REC, and TI are all capable of reducing carbon emissions. However, TNRENT and GDP are responsible for rising CO2E in USA. Therefore, in order to support sustainable economic development, the United States ought to enhance their research and use of low-carbon technologies. Based on the findings, it appears that the United States of America has to prioritize environmental protection on par with economic expansion and ensure that the expansion comes after the former.

Prospects of Using Liquefied Natural Gas as Fuel in Locomotives

t. For the Kazakhstan railway, the current issue is the rich reserves of natural resources of Kazakhstan and the annual increase in diesel fuel prices, the use of liquefied natural gas as fuel in railway rolling stock to reduce the high rates of harmful substances released from exhaust gases when consuming diesel fuel. The article substantiates the prospects and possibilities of using liquefied natural gas as an alternative fuel for locomotives as engines. The magnitude of the consequences is investigated with the analysis of the share of gas emissions into the environment for various types of fuel. With the analysis of foreign experience in using gas as an additional fuel, the advantages of combustion and environmental indicators of gas fuel were studied, the use for locomotives was justified. It has been established that the use of liquefied natural g as as an additive to diesel fuel has a positive effect on the performance of diesel engines.

Concept of formation of combined transport and logistics infrastructure of Siberia, Far East and Arctic zone of Russia

This article discusses the problems and outlines a conceptual approach to the development of remote regions of Russia with large reserves of natural resources and complex geographical and climatic conditions that ensure the country's economic growth, through ensuring the transport accessibility of these regions and the growth of industry in them. The work made a conceptual justification of the need to develop cooperation of all types of transport using multimodal and intermodal transportation. Attention is drawn to the need to integrate land and water modes of transport, as well as the formation of a special combined transport scheme that combines latitudinal and meridional trunk transport directions.

Polynesian Natural Resource Law Features

The object of the study is the relations of nature management in the Polynesian States, the subject is the legislation and doctrine in the field of exploitation of natural resources of the Polynesian countries: the United States of America (Hawaii, American Samoa, unincorporated territories), the Kingdom of New Zealand (Cook Islands, Niu, Tokelau), the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (Pitcairn Islands), an Independent State Samoa, the Republic of Kiribati, the Kingdom of Tonga, the Kingdom of Tuvalu, the French Republic (French Polynesia, Wallis and Futuna), the Republic of Chile (Isla de Pasqua and Juan Fernandez). The author examines the features of the state natural resource apparatus in various jurisdictions, first of all, the management of the environment and subsoil use by executive authorities. The article examines the institution of ownership of land and subsoil, the permissive procedure for the use of natural objects. In addition to the traditional, the researcher identifies a new type of property – family ownership of land, distinguishing it from communal, tribal and ancestral, and also draws attention to the inequality of ownership forms and discrimination in this area by the English crown of formally independent states and their citizens. The work is a new round in the theory of natural resource law of foreign countries, the relevance of the research is due to the theoretical and practical significance of the content of the article, which reflects domestic economic interests in Oceania. The scientific novelty of the presented work lies in the originality of the conclusions and the work itself, which contains fundamentally new information on the subject of research. This is one of the few scientific publications in the World on the natural resource law of the Polynesian States. The author discusses with foreign scientists, analyzing foreign doctrine and legislation. At the same time, violations are noted in the implementation and implementation of the norms of international maritime law in the Pacific Ocean; the creation by the collective West of natural resource reserves, regulatory legal bases and state mechanisms for the exploitation of the Polynesian environment in case of need (economic need and (or) global conflict).