Exploitation Of Natural Resources Research Articles

Analysis sustainability status of laeya river management for raw water supply in South Konawe Regency Southeast Sulawesi Province

South Konawe Regency experienced a decrease in water supply and an increase in water demand, due the changes in land use caused by ongoing land exploitation, which increases runoff and decreases infiltration capacity. As a result, more water is lost to the ocean, threatening the water supply from Laeya River. Laeya River raw water is not only utilized for PDAM raw water sources, but also used to meet the domestic needs of the community, agricultural irrigation and plantations, so it is important to know the its sustainability status. This research aims to carrying out activities that control the water quality of the Laeya River, as well as to serve an information regarding the status model for the sustainability of raw water management, and to raise environmental awareness. This study was carried out in the Laeya River, South Konawe Regency. Sampling was conducted at three stations representing the upstream area of the Laeya River, the middle area and the downstream area. The Multi Dimensional Scaling (MDS) analysis method was used to conduct an analysis of the status of sustainable natural resource management for sustainable raw water supply. Based on the results can be concluded that Analysis of the 41 attributes derived from five dimensions resulted in 12 attributes acting as leverage factors in each dimension partially. To improve the sustainability status of raw water management in the research area, it is necessary to intervene the 12 attributes, namely 11 attributes that need to increase the intensity of their activities, and one attribute needs to be controlled and planned for its development properly. The results of the assessment of 41 attributes from five dimensionsin the management of the Laeya River for raw water supply in South Konawe Regency, currently is at less Sustainability status(Sustainability Index value of 36.63).KeywordsSustainability Raw WaterMDSMonte CarloRAPS-LaeyaSouth Konawe Regency

New and Renewable Energy Policy Implementation for Sustainable Development

Humans are the driving force in all activities on this earth, for this reason human individuality is an important point, to accelerate himself and hone his skills properly, in order to optimize his function as an individual creature. Besides that, because humans also live in society (Zoon Politicon) they must also contribute to the order of life of society and the state as mandated by the constitution, the existence of control and exploitation of natural resources that are fundamental to the life of the nation and state is carried out by the state, including energy natural resources that can be encouraging the growth and improvement of just law, as well as the application of new and renewable energy policies for sustainable development in Indonesia. Based on constitutional support and the need for a legal umbrella to protect new and renewable energy, it is necessary to regulate it comprehensively. This study aims to determine the application of new renewable energy policies for sustainable development. This research method uses a normative juridical research method with a case approach and statutory approach (statute approach). The implementation of new renewable energy policies for sustainable development shows that it has not been optimally implemented, especially in Indonesia, while Indonesia has the potential for large sources of new and renewable energy. However, utilization of this potential is still not maximized due to technological limitations and economic considerations. The business scheme and types of new renewable energy generators which are still small scale are not yet optimal, and the interconnection system is still limited. Therefore, the need for an important urgency in regulating the application of new and renewable energy policies for sustainable development must have a legal basis in its implementation.

Green growth: Intellectual property conflicts and prospects in the extraction of natural resources for sustainable development

Considering the global issues of resource depletion and climate change, the need for sustainable development is more significant than ever. This study focuses on China and examines the complex dynamics of green growth and natural resource exploitation through the prism of intellectual property conflicts and prospects to strike a balance between sustainable development and economic growth from 2000 to 2020. Advanced econometric techniques are essential to this research, such as the Cross-sectional Augmented Dickey-Fuller (CADF) test, the Cross-sectional Im, Pesaran, and Shin (CIPS) test, and the Cross-sectionally Augmented Distributed Lag (CS-ARDL) model. The study clarifies how important it is for intellectual property rights to spur innovation in environmentally friendly resource extraction techniques. It also evaluates the impact of taxes on the energy sector on China's energy transition rate, weighing the need for economic growth against environmental protection. This study thoroughly explains the opportunities and challenges related to intellectual property in green growth. It also offers important insights and strategies for academics, industry stakeholders, and policymakers who navigate the intricate landscape of sustainable resource exploitation.

Phytosociological study of the vascular plant communities of the lower Neretva delta (southeastern Adriatic)

The Neretva delta (estuary) is an internationally important wetland included in the Ramsar list and is one of the Important Plant Areas (IPA) in Croatia. The paper presents data from phytosociological research collected in the lower Neretva delta in the period 2006-2021. Based on 28 phytosociological relevés, 15 associations and one subassociation were identified and classified into 13 alliances, 12 orders and 11 vegetation classes. The most valuable communities belong to halo-nitrophilous short-lived pioneer vegetation on sand and gravel beaches (Cakiletea maritimae) and salt-marsh herblands and scrub (Therosalicornietea, Salicornietea fruticosae). Anthropogenic impacts on the delta are strong, and the diversity of flora and vegetation is threatened by habitat degradation and loss, unsustainable exploitation of natural resources, and pollution.

Natural resources-financial innovation-carbon neutrality nexus: The role of policy robustness

This study sought to investigate the impact of a natural resources, financial innovation, and policy robustness on carbon neutrality of a nation. Cross-country data from 6 major Asian economies: China, Malaysia, India, Indonesia, Pakistan, and Japan, from 2010 to 2020, were drawn for the analysis. This study employed the Westerlund panel cointegration approach to examine the long term relationship among the variables. Three models were developed and analyzed keeping CO2 emissions, natural resources, and financial innovation as dependent variables. Our findings of model-1 revealed that abundant natural resources and increase financial innovation are linked to lower carbon emissions. Policy robustness plays a significant role in reducing carbon emissions, highlighting the importance of strong environmental policies for sustainable development. However, economic growth is associated with higher carbon emissions, suggesting the need to manage growth sustainably. As economies expand, the consumption of natural resources also increases, indicating the necessity for strategies to decouple economic growth from resource use. In the model-2, GDP positively influences the exploitation of natural resources, emphasizing the need for sustainable practices. In the model-3, financial innovation is positively related to carbon emissions, indicating the potential for innovative financial instruments in emissions mitigation. Conversely, a negative relationship between natural resources and financial innovation suggest the importance of sustainable financial practices. This study stresses the complexity of factors influencing environmental sustainability and calls for comprehensive research. It underscores the significance of combining economic development with sustainable resource use, innovative financial practices, and robust policy frameworks to foster environmental sustainability in the Asian context.

Investigating the link between green finance, environmental orientation, and carbon neutrality: A panel study of the metal extraction sector

In the natural resources exploitation sector, metal industry is considered as one of the major carbon emitters. In this context, this study aims to explore the role of green finance and environmental orientation in improving the carbon neutrality of the firms operating in this sector. The data was collected from two large economies' metal sectors: the People's Republic of China (PRC) and India. Five years of data from 2015 to 2019 was collected from 98 firms from financial statements and other sources. Given the nature of the data, panel cointegration was employed to analyze the developed model. Keeping in view the findings of these three diagnostic tests, it was clear that our model did not fully meet the assumptions to apply a normal panel. It led us to apply a panel-corrected standard error (PCSE) approach, which accounts for the violations of assumptions (autocorrelations, heteroscedasticity, and cross-sectional dependence) as identified in the results of diagnostic tests. The PCSE approach the can preserve the OLS parameter estimates while adjusting the standard errors (SE) to counter the issues found in OLS estimation. These results explain that the provision of green finance can help improve the carbon neutrality of firms in the metal sector of the PRC. Further, the results on the impact of environmental orientation on carbon neutrality are also significant, showing environmental orientation's instrumental role in improving carbon neutrality. Further, the interaction role of environmental orientation in the association between green finance and carbon neutrality is tested creating an interaction term by multiplying both variables. The results show a statistically significant role of environmental orientation in the association between green finance and carbon neutrality. These findings coefficient that, in the case of the PRC, the joint effect of green finance and environmental orientation is statistically significant. The results on the impact of environmental orientation are also significant, confirming its instrumental role in improving carbon neutrality. In short, our findings, suggest that by embracing such an environmental orientation, organizations can position themselves as leaders in carbon neutrality and contribute to a more sustainable future.

Unlocking natural resource potential: A balanced strategies for a fair and sustainable economic recovery

Over the last thirty years, China, currently holding the position of the second-largest global economy, has had a tremendous period of expansion. This study examines China's economic trajectory from 1990 to 2021, explicitly emphasizing the sustainable use of resources and the promotion of equity. Using the STIRPAT model, we investigate the interrelationship of natural resource exploitation, economic progress, ecological durability, and societal equity. The findings emphasize China's transition from resource exploitation to a fairer strategy to achieve long-term economic sustainability. The implementation of new policies, developments in technology, and increased financial accessibility have effectively reduced the negative effects on the environment while facilitating the fair distribution of wealth and enhancing economic resilience. This research highlights the importance of ongoing innovation and policy adjustment to effectively utilize natural resources for China's equitable and environmentally sustainable economic recovery.

Enhancing natural resource rents through industrialization, technological innovation, and foreign capital in the OECD countries: Does financial development matter?

The value of natural resource exploitation increased because of economic advancement, which drives industrialization. When natural resources are overexploited through farming, mining, or deforestation, it can negatively impact the environment and have financial repercussions for the nation in the long run. Therefore, this study examined the impact of technological innovation, industrialization, foreign direct investment (FDI), and financial development on natural resource extraction. This study utilized the augmented mean group (AMG), common correlated effect mean group (CCEMG), and Dumitrescu and Hurlin causality methods to analyze a panel of OECD countries from 1990 to 2021. The paper discovered that innovation significantly decreases natural resource extraction while financial development expands it. However, when controlling for interactive relationships among the variables, this study discovered that innovation independently increases resource extraction. The study also discovered through our causality tests that resource extraction has bidirectional relationships with all its determinants, except for FDI, where it exhibits a unidirectional relationship. Our findings have significant implications for the environment. Extractive activities, though necessary for industrialization, hamper the environment. Yet, the expectation that innovation and foreign capital might introduce efficiency in resource extraction or even reduce reliance on resource wealth in financially developed economies garners no clear empirical support.

Indigenous Peoples and Land-Based Disputes: Paraguay and the Paĩ Tavyterã

This article discusses some of the long-term tendencies of the Paraguayan political economy, focusing, in particular, on impacts on indigenous peoples and, because of the ongoing agribusiness expansion in the northeast of the country, on the Paĩ Tavyterã nation. This analysis is warranted because of the growing recognition of the importance of land-related disputes affecting indigenous peoples, particularly in countries such as Paraguay that rely heavily on agribusiness exports and on the exploitation of natural resources. It is based on more than six years of research dedicated to the land struggles of the Paĩ Tavyterã (and members of the same ethnic group in Brazil, called Guarani-Kaiowa). Instead of a comparative study, this is a relational storytelling text that draws insights from various actors, communities and situations that were obtained through a qualitative and participative methodology, involving indigenous communities as co-participants and co-investigators in the study. Empirical results demonstrate that, despite the fact that Paraguay is a major exporter of agribusiness commodities the accumulation of multiple forms of subtraction is a prevailing geographical force. The reaction of indigenous peoples is in the form of anti-subtraction. The main implication of this research is that the process of decolonisation is, first and foremost, an anti-subtraction movement that aims to revert the deficit caused by the systemic subtraction of socio-economic and socio-ecological opportunities.

The Size of Tax Jurisdiction and Tax Density

Theoretical background: Theory of public finance theory quite widely recognized that the purest indicator of government size is to observe the determinants and trend of level of public spending. It could be easy translates into the statement that following demand of government for money, first satisfied by taxes, enables to conclude, in particular, that the ratio of tax revenues to gross domestic product is the most appropriate indicator of the fiscal efficiency of the tax system. Purpose of the article: The very aim of paper is to determine, on the basis of constructed original taxation density rate, the diversification of the spatial economics of local revenues from taxation of land and developments. The supplementary goal comes from the identification of attributes of tax jurisdiction size shaping density of taxation. In particular, it is undertaken to determine whether there is a statistically significant difference in the rudimentary statistics of the correlation between the size of tax jurisdiction and intensity of land and development taxation measured by brand new index: tax density. Research methods: The research methods, apart from the query and analysis of the literature on the subject, are descriptive statistics of the population of 2,477 communes in Poland in terms of taxation density and the strength of the correlation between taxation density and attributes of tax jurisdiction defined by its size in both fiscal perspective (total tax revenues, tax revenues per capita) and demographic indexes (population, population density). The area of tax jurisdiction is correspondingly discussed. There is also employed OLS method for study correlation between tax density and indexes of tax jurisdiction size. The data are for the fiscal year of 2021. Main findings: Taxation density is, on average, the highest in urban communes, which results from a significant share of land and improvements subject to property tax. In urban communes, the share of real estate tax is on average 98.91% of total revenues from taxation of land and improvements. While in rural communes, where the lowest average level density of taxation has been recorded, the share in question is on average 73.73%. Examination of taxation density statistics for each of three subpopulations of communes (urban ones, urban-rural ones, and rural ones) indicates that in each case statistics of the distribution of tax density is attributed by positive skew and has sharper peak around the mean, but kurtosis is the highest for rural communes. It has been observed that the shapes of the distribution of total tax revenues, tax revenues per capita and population density are most similar to the shape of the distribution of taxation density in rural communes. The crucial conclusion is that the most significance for tax density growth is the increase of population in accordance with population density. The greater tax jurisdiction measured by population the greater intensity of fiscal exploitation of land occurs. Empirics of tax density for Polish communes fails to observe diseconomies of scale according to population density. There is a very parallel structure of elasticity of tax density for different features of tax jurisdiction, excluding for urban tax jurisdiction two attributes: tax revenues per capita (no statistical significant evidence of elasticity) and area (in contrast to another types of communes elasticity is positive).

Natural resource rents in developing countries: Is the positive influence on the fragilities real?

Natural resource rents continue to expend an extremely fruitful literature. In this article, we examine their consequences on the observed fragilities in developing countries (DC's). Thus, starting from the different dimensions of fragility (economic, social, political, security, environmental), we specify and estimate a linear model by using a cross-sectional data on the sample of 91 countries based on an average data over the period from 2010 to 2019. By using econometric technique based on the two-stage least squares (2SLS), our results show that resource rents increase global fragility in developing countries, as well as economic, political, social and security fragilities. Controlled by historical and fractionalization variables our results remain stable and robust. We suggest responsible, transparent and inclusive management of these resources. Governments, companies and international organizations must work together to promote good governance, transparency and accountability in the exploitation of natural resources in developing countries.

The Influence Of Innovation Strategy On MSME Performance With Green Innovation As A Mediating Variable

Many companies only prioritize product innovation to meet current consumer needs and are able to generate profits without paying attention to the impact of production activities on the environment. In the last few decades, environmental damage has become an important issue that is often discussed. This is because environmental damage occurs more frequently, such as forest fires, air and water pollution, extreme drought, erratic climate change and so on. One of the environmental damage factors that occurs is caused by economic growth which causes the exploitation of energy and natural resources to increase due to production needs. Development in the economic sector continues to be carried out with the aim of improving the welfare of Mojokerto residents. Not only that, the development carried out also aims to increase community competitiveness in the economic sector. Mojokerto has an MSME sector which operates in a number of fields. MSMEs or Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises are economic businesses owned by individuals or business entities that have been determined by law. The food businesses in Mojokerto are quite varied, some produce semi-finished ingredients, some also produce finished products. The type of research used in this research is explanatory research. In this study, The population in this study is the total number of Food and Beverage MSMEs registered with the District Industry and Trade Service. Mojokerto. and there were 100 samples in this study. The sampling technique used in this study was purposive sampling. The analysis technique in this study used the PLS technique. Conclusion: Green Innovation has a positive and significant influence on MSME performance. Innovation Strategy has a significant positive influence on Green Innovation. Innovation Strategy does not have a significant positive influence on MSME Performance. Innovation Strategy has a significant positive influence on MSME Performance through Green Innovation of MSMEs

Financial development and natural resource efficiency: Unlocking green growth potential

The study aims to test the nexus between financial development and natural resource efficiency to determine the green growth potential. The correlation between financial development and natural resource efficiency has been a topic of much scholarly and policy discussion. This research seeks to investigate the complex connection within the specific setting of China between the years 2000 and 2019. The empirical analysis uses the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model. The study examines how progress in the finance industry might facilitate green economic expansion by improving the effective exploitation of natural resources. The results of our study demonstrate a strong and lasting connection between measures of financial progress and metrics of natural resource efficiency. More specifically, enhanced availability of finance improved financial literacy, and higher investment in sustainable initiatives have been shown to have a favorable effect on the effective use of natural resources.

The spatialization of social capital in the collective management of natural resources, a theoretical and methodological model

ABSTRACT The importance of studying the commons lies in the fact that the best-preserved ecosystems are found in areas managed and owned by the community. However, the capitalist mode of production, which depends on the excessive exploitation of natural resources, has undermined the fundamental elements of the communal system. Despite this, some territories have been able to maintain and strengthen common strategies related to the characteristics of their social capital, transforming it into a localized resource. With these objectives in mind, the study was conducted to, (1) Perform a literature review of theoretical, methodological, and empirical works related to social capital and territorialization to examine collective strategies for the conservation and management of natural resources. (2) Develop a theoretical and methodological framework that incorporates the territorialization of social capital as an explanatory factor in the collective appropriation of commons, using general concepts. The methodological approach was based on a literature review of articles, complemented by the co-occurrence method. The results show that the conceptual model consists of five theoretical categories and eleven categories of analysis, which interact to identify six thematic areas.

How to recognize national lands (natural resources) and exceptions (non-national resources): objection methods and authoritie

The principles of natural resources include recognition, governance, protection, and exploitation of natural re-sources, among which recognition is the most important. Any enforcement of sovereignty over national lands requires the implementation of a legal recognition process. So, recognizing national lands and exceptions is of great importance. In other words, recognizing national lands and exceptions is the first step in protecting these lands and preventing their waste and change of use. Each country’s natural resources and environment do not belong only to it, but to all the people of the world. In this way, the destruction of national lands does not only mean the deterioration of a part of that country’s capital, but also the destruction of a part of the natural resources and environment of the planet and the wealth of the whole world. Unfortunately, most developing countries have a full-scale war against natural resources and the environment. The author is concerned not only about the preservation of natural resources and the environment in Iran, but also about the whole world. Governments should be forced to preserve, restore and develop natural resources and the environment by using practical international tools, and there is no other choice but to force.

Analysis and prediction of the spatiotemporal characteristics of land-use ecological risk and carbon storage in Wuhan metropolitan area

In the context of global warming, understanding the spatiotemporal dynamic of carbon storage, land-use related ecological risks, and how ecological risks are correlated with carbon storage, is vitally significant for enhancing regional carbon-sequestration capacity, promoting the rational exploitation of land and green and low-carbon development. Using land-use data, this study employed the InVEST and PLUS models to analyze and forecast spatiotemporal variation in land-use, land-use ecological risks, and terrestrial ecosystem carbon storage in the Wuhan metropolitan area under multiple-scenarios. Spearman’s correlation and spatial autocorrelation analyses were used to explore spatial correlations between carbon storage and land-use ecological risk. The following was found: (1) From 2000 to2020, the area of arable land, grassland, water body, and unused land reduced. In contrast, the area of forestland and built-up land increased. Similar land-use changes were observed in 2030 under the natural development scenario. The area of forestland, grassland, and water body increased, and the expansion of built-up land is effectively controlled under the ecological protection scenario. (2) Land-use ecological risks in the study area first declined and then increased over the research period, with an overall increase. (3) From 2000 to 2030, the carbon storage within the Wuhan metropolitan area declined. In the 2030 ecological protection scenario, the reduction in carbon storage is lower than under the natural development scenario. Through the lens of land-use categories, the entire carbon storage was, in descending order, arable land, forestland, built-up land, grassland, unused land, and water body. (4) Land-use ecological risk and carbon storage were negatively correlated and dominated by Low-High and High-Low aggregation zones. This study can serve as a reference for the future optimal layout of land-use and sustainable development of ecosystems in metropolitan areas.

Genome-wide association study of leaf photosynthesis using a high-throughput gas exchange system in rice.

Enhancing leaf photosynthetic capacity is essential for improving the yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Although the exploitation of natural genetic resources is considered a promising approach to enhance photosynthetic capacity, genomic factors related to the genetic diversity of leaf photosynthetic capacity have yet to be fully elucidated due to the limitation of measurement efficiency. In this study, we aimed to identify novel genomic regions for the net CO2 assimilation rate (A) by combining genome-wide association study (GWAS) and the newly developed rapid closed gas exchange system MIC-100. Using three MIC-100 systems in the field at the vegetative stage, we measured A of 168 temperate japonica rice varieties with six replicates for three years. We found that the modern varieties exhibited higher A than the landraces, while there was no significant relationship between the release year and A among the modern varieties. Our GWAS scan revealed two major peaks located on chromosomes 4 and 8, which were repeatedly detected in the different experiments and in the generalized linear modelling approach. We suggest that high-throughput gas exchange measurements combined with GWAS is a reliable approach for understanding the genetic mechanisms underlying photosynthetic diversities in crop species.

Life Cycle Analysis of a Photovoltaic Power Plant Using the CED Method

There is a significant demand for materials and energy throughout the manufacturing and construction of a solar power plant’s component parts. Electricity and fossil fuels are used in enormous quantities during the industrial processes in the photovoltaic power plant’s life cycle. It is then necessary to assess the energy needs, especially during production processes, to improve the efficiency of energy usage and management of natural resources from the global perspective. This will lead to a decrease in natural resource consumption and electricity demand. The main aim of this study was to assess the energy demand in the life cycle of the photovoltaic power plant and identify the most energy-intensive stages and components of this type of installation throughout its life cycle. The study of energy consumption in the whole life cycle was conducted for a 2 MW photovoltaic power plant situated in the northern region of Poland using the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology, particularly the Cumulative Energy Demand (CED) method. Two post-consumer management scenarios were investigated: recycling and landfilling. It was found that the life cycle of PV panels and the inverter station had the largest energy demand among all the components. This study revealed that, compared to recycling, the life cycle involving post-consumer management in the form of landfilling had a higher total energy demand of 4.09 × 107 MJ. The results of this investigation validate the benefits of recycling. Thus, recycling ought to be commonplace to improve the environment.

Carbon Footprint Reduction and Climate Change Mitigation: A Review of the Approaches, Technologies, and Implementation Challenges

Since the Industrial Revolution, human economic activity and the global development of society in general have been heavily dependent on the exploitation of natural resources. The use of fossil fuels, deforestation, the drainage of wetlands, the transformation of coastal marine ecosystems, unsustainable land use, and many other unbalanced processes of human activity have led to an increase both in the anthropogenic emissions of climate-active gases and in their concentration in the atmosphere. It is believed that over the past ~150 years these phenomena have contributed to an increase in the global average temperature in the near-surface layer of the atmosphere by ~1 °C. Currently, the most pressing tasks facing states and scientific and civil societies are to reduce anthropogenic CO2 emissions and to limit the global air temperature increase. In this regard, there is an urgent need to change existing production systems in order to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to sequester them. In this review, we consider up-to-date scientific approaches and innovative technologies, which may help in developing roadmaps to reduce the emissions of climate-active gases, control rising temperatures, decarbonize economies, and promote the sustainable development of society in general.

Economic complexity, natural resources and economic progress in the era of sustainable development: Findings in the context of resource deployment challenges

In recent years discussion on natural resource curse goes beyond the growth measure to incorporate other development measures of which economic complexity forms a major part. To gauge how natural resource exploitation is determined, researchers and policy makers explore the major determinants of resource curse. Surprisingly, the discussion on the role of economic sophistication in impacting natural resources continues to be scant. Against the backdrop of the perceived gap, this study explores the association between economic complexity and natural resources. This study used linear and non-linear model specifications to explore the impact of economic complexity (ECI) on the natural resource utilization (mineral resources) for ten Newly Industrialized Countries (NICS). In addition to economic complexity, economic growth, human capital, foreign direct investment, and population density were used as control variables in this study. We hypothesize that the relationship between ECI and natural resource rent may have an inverted’ U′ shape, depending on the technological sophistication and complexity of the economic processes. The panel data spans the years 1975–2020. Novel estimation techniques, including cross-sectional dependence tests, panel unit root tests, and cointegration tests, were used in this study. To achieve robust inferences, the long-run estimation was performed using panel Quantile regression, pooled OLS, and System GMM. The research findings support the existence of the inverted ‘U' shaped across natural resource rent and economic complexity. The Dumitrescu and Hurlin, panel causality tests confirm bidirectional causality links across economic complexity and rent on natural resources, mineral resources, human capital, and population density. These findings urge policymakers to recommend comprehensive economic and natural resource deployment policies to achieve sustainability.