Natural Hair Dye Research Articles

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF NATURAL HAIR DYE

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF NATURAL HAIR DYE

Exploring Fashion Hair Dyeing Behavior through the Stimulus-Response Model: The Mediating Effects of Professional Technology and Transaction Interaction

This study was conducted to explore hair dyeing behaviors among Taiwanese adolescents; analyze future market trends for fashion hair dyes; investigate the effects of social media, fashion trends, and product awareness on behavioral intentions; identify the mediating effects of professional technology and transaction interactions on behavioral intentions; and validate the overall fit of a model outlining the interrelationships between the aforementioned factors.This study was conducted in general and vocational schools across northern, central, and southern Taiwan. Students were surveyed between February 7, 2023, and July 21, 2023.
 Drawing inspiration from the Stimulus-Organism-Response theory, we constructed a comprehensive model incorporating six dimensions—social media, fashion trends, product awareness, transaction interaction, professional technology, and behavioral intention. The survey gathered 370 valid responses, primarily from female students in technical senior high schools. Students’ responses on a 32-item questionnaire were rated on a 5-point Likert scale. Reliability analysis, partial least squares structural equation modeling, and validity analysis were performed to assess the study model.Our findings revealed a high reliability and a good fit in structural equation modeling. Validity analysis confirmed convergent and discriminant validity. Bootstrapping revealed substantial differences between ordinary and technical high schools in hair dyeing behaviors. Professional technology mediated the correlation between fashion trends and behavioral intentions and that between product awareness and behavioral intentions.This study advances our theoretical understanding and offers valuable practical insights for businesses in the hair care industry. The application of the Stimulus-Organism-Response theory revealed adolescents’ complex hair dyeing behaviors. The observed model fit indicates the relevance of this framework in explaining the multifaceted dynamics of consumer decision-making. Regarding practical benefits, this study guides businesses toward natural hair dyes aligned with consumers’ health and environmental preferences.

APPLICATION OF LAKES SYSTEM IN PREPARATION OF HAIR DYES POMADE CREAM OF FREEZE-DRIED RED DRAGON (Hylocereus polyrhizus) FRUIT PEEL JUICE AND ACUTE DERMAL IRRITATION

Dyes used in market products are mostly synthetic, which can irritate the skin and in the long term increase the risk of skin cancer. The peel of dragon fruit contains the red-violet pigment Betacyanin, which is potential as hair dyes but extremely sensitive to light and oxygen. The lakes system is the option to overcome the problem and increase the stability of pigments. The objective of this study was to learn about the use of the lakes system in the preparation of hair dyes pomade cream of freeze-dried red dragon fruit peel juice and its irritation aspect on skin. The lakes system was made with a 50% red dragon fruit peel juice, mixed with 5% alucol, then dried with 45% aerosil. Pomade cream was prepared by mixing oil phase and water phase at a temperature of ±60 °C with continuous mixing in 600 rpm for 10 minutes. Formula III is the bases without freeze-dried red dragon fruit peel juice. The non-lakes system of freeze-dried red dragon fruit peel juice was added to the bases for the FII, while the lakes system was added for the FI. Hair dyes pomade cream of red dragon fruit peel juice prepared in the lakes system has superior properties to the formula prepared without the lakes system. It demonstrated better homogeneity and softer texture, in addition acceptable skin pH range. The lakes system is suitable for the preparation of natural hair dye cream and does not irritate the skin.

Preparation of Herbal Hair Dye

Abstract: Objective: To formulate and evaluate herbal hair dye by using herbal ingredients such as Henna, Guava leaves extract, Amla and Hibiscus. Materials and Method: Herbal based hair dye was formulated by using different plans such as psidium guajava leaf, henna, hibiscus and amla. All collected ingredients in the powder form are mixed uniformly to prepare a homogeneous mixture of powder form of dye. Result; The formulation shows the formulation shows good appearance, pH, texture and solubility. Conclusion; As compared to synthetic cures natural cures are generally more effective and safe as they are more secure with negligible secondary effects when shown with the synthetic based items. Henna is the more popular natural hair dye plant. The use of henna increases color intensity. This natural hair dye has the benefit of causing no skin damage, erythema development, or edema. It is made entirely of water soluble plant elements. We made the beneficial qualities of the natural hair dye in our study.

Ecofriendly hair dye extraction from wastewater pericarp processing by-products of water caltrop (Trapa quadrispinosa): Optimization and evaluation

As an alternative approach for toxicological effects of synthetic hair dyes, water caltrop (Trapa quadrispinosa) pericarp pigment extracted by 50% ethanol at 40 °C for 30 min was used as an ecofriendly and natural hair dye. Water caltrop pericarp (WCP) of seven regions were experimented to develop eco-friendly dyes intended for application in alternative chemical synthesis hair dyeing products. The results showed that the highest content of polyphenol was extracted from WCP in Jiaxing, which was used as a follow-up study. The optimization method was mordant dyeing first and then dyeing. Optimal dyeing conditions were identified as 4% Fe3+ at 25 °C with a total dyeing time of 65 min, and WCP hair dye showed better resistance to washing. The results of SEM and DSC showed that WCP hair dye could replace synthetic hair dyes and has some restorative function for damaged hair. This study provides a valuable reference for the development of more environmentally friendly hair dyes.

EVALUATION OF COLOR FASTNESS AND SKIN IRRITATION OF HAIR DYE CREAM FROM HENNA LEAVES (LAWSONIA INERMIS L.)

Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the color fastness and study the skin irritation of a natural hair dye cream from Henna leaves. Materials and method: Nineteen experimental (F1-F19) are conducted using the D-optimal model to evaluate the cause-effect relations and evaluate the color fastness of hair dye cream. Three independent variables were selected for the survey namely Henna extract concentration (X1 includes 5%, 10%, 15%), pH of cream (X2 includes 6, 7, 8), hydrogen peroxide concentration (X3 includes 0%, 2%, 4%). Three dependent variables include color fastness after 1 washes (Y1), 6 washes (Y2) and 12 washes (Y3). Test for skin irritation hair dye cream was applied for rabbits. Results: the optimal parameters of hair dye cream were identified, which included Henna extract concentration of 10%, pH of 6, hydrogen peroxide concentration of 4%. The fastness property of the dye was observed to be very good even after washing 12 times and the absence of sensitivity or reaction on the skin. Conclusion: The results showed that the product has the ability to dye hair and is safe for the skin.

Urang Aring (Eclipta alba (L.) Hassk) Leaf Extract as Natural Dyes for Making Pomade

Dyes have an important role in the industrial sector to increase consumer interest in a product. Urang aring is a plant with color pigments that can be used as natural dyes. This study aims to utilize urang aring leaf extract as a natural hair dye for the manufacture of pomade by producing the quality of pomade preparations according to standards. The research method was carried out experimentally including: determining the water content and ash content of urang aring leaves and optimizing the time of dye extraction and storage of urang aring leaf extract using a UV - Vis spectrophotometer, then making pomade based on the formulation of urang aring leaf extract and beeswax, namely: formulation I (3:3), II (5:3), and III (10:3). Pomade quality test includes: organoleptic test, homogeneity test, pH test, freeze-thaw test, and color stability test against sunlight. Based on the results of the study, it was found that urang aring leaf extract can be used as a natural dye for the manufacture of pomade with formulation III which meets the standards in the pomade quality test because it has a soft dense texture, blackish green color, and has no odor with a pH of 6 which is ideal for hair. Pomade formulation III also has a texture that does not separate at extreme temperatures and good color stability under direct sunlight for 5 hours.

Recent Advancements in Natural Plant Colorants Used for Hair Dye Applications: A Review.

There is an on-going demand in recent years for safer and "greener" hair coloring agents with the global consumer awareness of the adverse effects of synthetic hair dyes. The belief in sustainability and health benefits has focused the attention of the scientific community towards natural colorants that serve to replace their synthetic toxic counterparts. This review article encompasses the historical applications of a vast array of natural plant hair dyes and summarizes the possible coloration mechanisms (direct dyeing and mordant dyeing). Current information on phytochemicals (quinones, tannins, flavonoids, indigo, curcuminoids and carotenoids) used for hair dyeing are summarized, including their botanical sources, color chemistry and biological/toxicological activities. A particular focus is given on research into new natural hair dye sources along with eco-friendly, robust and cost-effective technologies for their processing and applications, such as the synthetic biology approach for colorant production, encapsulation techniques for stabilization and the development of inorganic nanocarriers. In addition, innovative in vitro approaches for the toxicological assessments of natural hair dye cosmetics are highlighted.

Application of phycocyanin from Arthrospira (Spirulina) platensis as a hair dye

Almost all of the current hair dye products today contain synthetic chemicals which may cause allergic reactions in some users. Phycocyanin (PC), a non-toxic cyanobacterial pigment, has been used in the food and cosmetics sectors. There are however, been a few reports on the application of phycocyanin as a hair colorant. This study aimed to assess the biological qualities of phycocyanin for use in natural hair dye product. Phycocyanin was tested for use against anti skin-pathogen (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 14990, Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) DMST 20625, Propionibacterium acnes DMST 14916, Candida albicans DMST 21424, and Malassezia furfur M21), cytotoxicity of human immortalized keratinocyte (HaCaT) cells and tested for color fastness when used as a shampoo wash. According to the findings, Arthrospira (Spirulina) platensis phycocyanin has not shown the potential for use against anti-skin pathogenic microorganisms. While testing phycocyanin at the maximum doses of 2.5 mg/mL, the cytotoxicity test revealed that it is not hazardous to HaCaT cells. Bleached hair was dyed with a mixture of phycocyanin, natural developers, and mordants. A chroma meter was used to monitor color changes after shampoo washing. The findings revealed that phycocyanin has dyeability potential. 50% of the dyed hair color remained after 5 shampoo washes. The stability and color degradation of phycocyanin in hair dye powder formulation demonstrated good physical stability along with four cycles of heating/cooling. As a result, we can see that this pigment has the potential to be used as an active ingredient in natural hair dyes.

Formulasi Dan Evaluasi Sediaan Krim Pewarna Rambut Dari Ekstrak Etanol Umbi Bit (Beta vulgaris L.)

The use of natural hair dyes is a solution to the problem of synthetic hair dyes. one of the plants such as beetroot contains a lot of secondary metabolites, one of which is flavonoids which can provide specific dyes. The natural color found in beetroot can be used as a natural dye in cosmetics. To find out at what concentration the beetroot produces the most optimal quality physical color of the hair dye preparation. This research method was carried out including making beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) ethanol extract by maceration for 5 days with 95% ethanol solvent and continued remeseration with the same solvent. The extract formula used was 10%, 15%, and 20% physical evaluation carried out included organoleptic test, irritation test, pH test, homogeneity test, stability test for washing, stability test for sunlight. As a result of inspection of the three hair dye cream formulations, the formulations met the requirements of the test formulations. The results of the hair tack test showed that it gave a good color at a density of 20% time. In the color stability test of the wash after 15 shampoo washes, all three formulations have a fixed color up to 9 washes. Also, in terms of color stability to sunlight, after exposure to direct sunlight, the color appears to change slightly, making the hair darker than before. The result of the concentration of beetroot ethanol extract that gives the best color is a concentration of 20%.

Utilisation of Tectona grandis (teak) leaf extracts as natural hair dyes

AbstractThere is now a preference for hair dye products containing natural dyes because they are safer for human use. Teak leaves contain flavonoids, anthraquinones and naphthoquinones, and their extracts can be used as natural dyes. The objective of this research was to evaluate the use of teak leaf extracts as natural hair dyes. This research was carried out on both young and mature teak leaves that were extracted either with water or with ethanol‐water mixtures using the decoction method. The colour substances in the extracts were studied by quantifying the flavonoid and anthraquinone content, and identified using liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry (LC‐MS); the colour values were measured with the CIELab system. The solubility, stability and hair dyeing efficacy of the extracts were assessed. The results showed that young leaf extract is redder with a higher total flavonoid content than mature leaf extract. Fifty percent ethanol was the best solvent for extracting the high flavonoids from teak leaves. Polysorbate 20 significantly increased the water solubility of both young and mature leaf extracts. Hair dyed with young leaf extract became reddish brown, while hair dyed with mature leaf extract became brown. Stability testing found some flavonoid degradation of the extracts, but only slight colour changes occurred in the extracts. The LC‐MS profiles showed high‐intensity flavonoid peaks that could be applied to control the colour quality of the extracts with other parameters. These results demonstrate that teak leaf extracts are effective natural hair dyes that can be used in the development of hair dye products.

Knowledge, practice and adverse reactions amongst Hair dye users - A cross sectional study

Introduction: Colour of hair is most conspicuous phenotype of human beings and plays an important role in one's overall physical beauty. Premature hair greying (PHG) has caused the increased use of various hair dyes in population though it has adverse effects. Aim- To assess knowledge, practice of hair dye users with purpose, frequency of use and adverse reactions if any on hair, scalp, skin. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted on participants from PCMC region by interview method using a questionnaire (20 questions) specially prepared pertaining to use of hair dye and adverse reactions to it. Statistical Analysis-The demographic data is expressed as mean ± standard deviation, quantitative data expressed as percentages. Results: A total 98subjects including 75.5% and 24.5% females and males respectively. The participants started using hair dye at an age of 25 (±3.03) years. Herbal and Synthetic dyes were used by 36.74% and 63.27% respectively. Frequency of use in a year was 4-5 times in 58.16%. Adverse reactions of dye on body of hair like dryness46.94%, loss of hair 30.62%, change in texture and thinning were reported. 29.59% of subjects showed ill effects during dyeing of scalp while in 68.36% of subjects after the dyeing process was complete. Conclusion: Majority Population started hair dyeing at very early age using Chemical dyes even though they perceived herbal dyes were safe. They continued hair colouring despite adverse reactions, which indicates aesthetic importance of hair colour and need of research in the field of Ayurveda for developing safe, natural hair dye.

Determination of Lead and Cadmium in Synthetic and Natural Hair Dyes in Morocco Using Differential Pulse Polarography

Determination of Lead and Cadmium in Synthetic and Natural Hair Dyes in Morocco Using Differential Pulse Polarography

Stability of Henna Natural Hair Dye Cream Formulation According to Cetyl Alcohol Contents

Stability of Henna Natural Hair Dye Cream Formulation According to Cetyl Alcohol Contents

Efficacy of Some Plants Extracts for Natural Dyeing of Human Hair

ABSTRACT Interest in natural hair dyes is continuously growing as these are green alternatives to synthetic dyes. A single natural dye may not be the right color for many people. In this study three different mixtures of famous natural hair dye Lawsonia inermis with different other plants were evaluated for their new shades and dyeing properties. Color strengths of naturally dyed hair were also compared with synthetic dyes and individual plants as well. Mordanting was carried out using some metals and a natural mordant which increased the color strength and wash durability of natural dyes. Colorimetric properties of dyed hair were obtained in terms of CIEL*a*b* and K/S values. Maximum value of K/S was obtained by postmordanting of dyed hair with ferrous sulfate. Yellowish brown to brown shades were obtained by natural dye combinations which were changed to black after application of mordants. The color strength was acceptable even after twenty washes. Overall color strength values of naturally dyed hair with plant mixtures were much higher than individual plants extract. However, these color strength values are very comparable with the synthetic hair dyes proving natural dye combinations be successful candidates for natural hair dyeing with good performance and properties.

Stabilization of Chinese Gallnut (Galla Chinensis) Tannins by Spray-Drying Microencapsulation for Natural Hair Coloring

Chinese gallnut (Galla chinensis) is rich in hydrolyzable tannins, which, when mordanted with ferrous ions, produces intense black color on keratinous fiber and makes it a desirable natural hair dye in Asian countries. However, extracted tannins from Chinese gallnut are susceptible to chemical degradation by physicochemical factors (heat, UV, and high pH) that limited the utilization and commercialization of this plant colorant in color cosmetics. Hence, this study was aimed to improve the storage and application stability of Chinese gallnut extract by spray-drying microencapsulation. Different combinations of maltodextrin (MD) and gum arabic (GA) were used as encapsulating agents and the effects on the encapsulation efficiency, morphology, physicochemical properties, in vitro toxicity, and stability were investigated. The results showed that an increase of MD proportions in the wall matrix resulted in the production of more spherical shaped particles with larger size, decreased bulk density, and improved solubility in water. Furthermore, microcapsules covered with MD alone showed the maximum stability with respect to heat, UV, and formulation at alkaline pH. When applied for dyeing of human gray hairs, intense black color could be achieved by using the MD-covered microcapsule formulations and the dyeings are stable to multiple washings and simulated sunlight. Therefore, this study examines a promising strategy for stabilizing tannin-rich extract from Chinese gallnut while maintaining its dyeing efficiency, which will in turn promote its utilization in hair coloring cosmetics.

Ultrasound-enhanced hair dye application for natural dyeing formulations

Advances made in recent years have allowed the application of colorants obtained from natural sources into textile dyeing. The use of ultrasound in the dyeing method is reported to increase dye uptake and decrease dyeing times. The aim of this work is to further extend the knowledge of natural hair dyes considering the use of ultrasound in the dyeing method with commercially available herbal dyes and using goat hair as a model for human hair. Optimal ultrasonic parameters were selected by considering the effects of sonication times (5, 10 and 15 min), frequencies (44, 400 and 1000 kHz) and total dyeing times (30, 60 and 120 min) in the morphology of the dyed hair and the colour intensity. Damage to the hair surface was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images, differences in colour of the dyed hair was obtained by ImageJ analysis and quantification of dye uptake was determined by UV–visible spectroscopy. The evidence from this study suggests an increase in goat hair coloration with the use of ultrasonic energy. Optimal dyeing conditions in consideration of colouration efficacy without hair damage were identified as sonication at 400 kHz for 10 min with a total dyeing time of 60 min.

Colorful hair dyes from blackcurrants

It has been said that blondes have more fun, but thanks to some clever chemistry, the hottest hair hue could soon be blackcurrant. Researchers at the University of Leeds, led by Richard S. Blackburn and Christopher M. Rayner, have developed a natural hair dye made with anthocyanins extracted from the piquant berries’ skins (J. Ag. Food Chem. 2018, DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b01044). The skins are generated as waste from the production of Ribena, a blackcurrant cordial that’s popular in the U.K. Using a water-based process and special filters, the researchers were able to collect the anthocyanins. If applied at a pH of about 4, the dye will color hair red. Application at a pH of 6 leads to a blue color. Combining the anthocyanins with natural yellow dyes produces a range of browns. The color is semipermanent, washing out after about a dozen shampoos. Blackburn and Rayner believe the blackcurrant dyes offer

Dyeing Your Hair with Graphene

In this issue of Chem, Huang and co-workers present an innovative hair-dyeing approach that uses water-based formulations of graphene oxide (GO) and its reduced form (rGO) to eliminate the use of toxic, small-molecule pigments, which are commonly used in black hair dyes. Notably, the high adhesion ability and flexibility of graphene not only led to durable and uniform coating but also imparted properties—such as antistatic performance and efficient heat and electrostatic charge dissipation—superior to those of conventional black dyes.

Evaluation of antimicrobial and dyeing properties of walnut (Juglans regia L.) green husk extract for cosmetics

Walnut green husk is one of the main waste products from walnut and could be used as a source of natural dyeing compounds such as juglone. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effective use of walnut green husk extract as a natural hair dye. Dyeing properties, fastness and antimicrobial behaviours of dyed hair and also a skin irritation test for natural hair dye on rat skin were examined. When the extract was mixed with ascorbic acid as a developer, ferrous sulphate as a mordant, and Aloe vera extract used as a secondary mordant and also a cosmetic ingredient, the reaction resulted in a dark‐brown colour on hair samples. The dyed hair exhibited appropriate colour strength having excellent morphology for a hair surface coated with dye molecules. In addition, the dyed hair possessed good resistance to washing and daylight fastness, without any irritant properties as shown in a rat model, although high concentrations of iron‐based mordant may be problematic for long‐term usage. This paper also suggests the use of natural mordants such as lactic and oxalic acids to avoid any probable risks. Walnut green husk extract was an appropriate natural hair dyeing agent in practice and showed maximum antimicrobial activity compared with semi‐synthetic and commercial hair dyes. The results demonstrated that walnut green husk can be used as an economical, valuable, eco‐friendly and safe source of dyeing and antimicrobial agents for cosmetic products.