Natural Fluid Research Articles

Numerical Analysis of Heating Technique in Corium Melt Pool Convection Flow Field & Thermal Interaction in a Volumetrically Heated Molten Pool

In-Vessel Retention (IVR) is one of the existing strategies of severe accident management of LWR, which intends to stabilize and isolate corium & fission products inside the reactor pressure vessel (RPV) and primary containment structure. Since it has become an important safety objective for nuclear reactors, it is therefore needed to model and evaluate relevant phenomena of IVR strategy in assessing safety of nuclear power reactors. One of the relevant phenomena during accident progression in the oxidic pool is non-uniform high heat generation occurring at large scale. Consequently, direct experimental studies at these scales are not possible. The role computer codes and models are therefore important in order to transpose experimental results to reactor safety applications. In this paper, the state-of-the-art ANSYS FLUENT CFD code is used to simulate Non-uniform heat generation in the lower plenum by the application of Cartridge heating under severe accident conditions to derive the basic accident scenario. However, very few studies have been performed to simulate non-uniform decay heat generation by Cartridge heaters in a pool corresponding lower plenum of power reactor. The current investigation focuses on non-uniform heating in the fluid domain by Cartridge heaters, which has been done using ANSYS FLUENT CFD code by K-epsilon model. The computed results are based on qualitative assessment in the form of temperature and velocity contour and quantitative assessment in terms of temperature and heat flux distribution to assess the impact of heating method on natural convective fluid flow and heat transfer.

Machine Learning based algorithms for modeling natural convection fluid flow and heat and mass transfer in rectangular cavities filled with non-Newtonian fluids

The importance of studying double-diffusive fluid flows along with the significance of non-Newtonian fluids have been well recognized in the fluid dynamics field for scientific and practical purposes. However, and given the ever-rising complexity of such non-linear flows, the conventional simulation methods are confronted with problems related to accuracy and required computation time and resources. As a result, the Machine Learning approach qualifies as a promising solution to said limitations. The present study investigates the application of Machine Learning models to study double-diffusive natural convection in rectangular cavities filled with non-Newtonian fluids. The flow is governed by four dimensionless parameters, namely: thermal Rayleigh number RaT, Lewis number Le, buoyancy ratio N, and power-law behavior index n, employed as input features. To precisely model fluid flow, three characteristics are predicted: flow intensity |ψc|, average Nusselt number Nu¯, and average Sherwood number Sh¯ using four machine learning models: Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), Random Forests (RF), Gradient Boosted Decision Trees (GBDT), and Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost). The analysis of investigated models’ fine-tuned architectures using various tools confirms the non-linear complexity of the problem and allows to explore and discuss in details the inner-workings of each model. The ANN predicts the test data with R2=0.9999,R2=0.9996, and R2=0.9999 followed by XGBoost with R2=0.9979,R2=0.9802, and R2=0.9979, and that for |ψc|, Nu¯, and Sh¯, respectively. The study shows the strong and correlated effects of RaT and n on the flow characteristics. The models’ generalization is further examined using fluids with power-law behavior indexes outside the learning range. The present paper validates the choice of Machine Learning approach as a promising solution to model non-Newtonian double-diffusive fluid flows and encourages future works in this direction.

Ionotropic Gelation and Chemical Crosslinking as Methods for Fabrication of Modified-Release Gellan Gum-Based Drug Delivery Systems.

Hydrogels have a tridimensional structure. They have the ability to absorb a significant amount of water or other natural or simulated fluids that cause their swelling albeit without losing their structure. Their properties can be exploited for encapsulation and modified targeted drug release. Among the numerous natural polymers suitable for obtaining hydrogels, gellan gum is one gaining much interest. It is a gelling agent with many unique features, and furthermore, it is non-toxic, biocompatible, and biodegradable. Its ability to react with oppositely charged molecules results in the forming of structured physical materials (films, beads, hydrogels, nanoparticles). The properties of obtained hydrogels can be modified by chemical crosslinking, which improves the three-dimensional structure of the gellan hydrogel. In the current review, an overview of gellan gum hydrogels and their properties will be presented as well as the mechanisms of ionotropic gelation or chemical crosslinking. Methods of producing gellan hydrogels and their possible applications related to improved release, bioavailability, and therapeutic activity were described.

Detailing the Pore Structure of Productive Intervals of Oil Wells Using the Color 3D Imaging

The article describes an approach to expanding the methodology for applying hydraulic fracturing in oil fields by adding the possibilities of 3D modeling with color imaging of the pore structure of the productive intervals of wells. As an applied example, the geological and geophysical section of the productive level of one of the wells of the Moscudinskoye oil field, with known data on the integrated interpretation of the results of well-logging and microcomputer tomography, was chosen. According to well-logging data, the productive reservoir in the analyzed section of the section is characterized by a high degree of heterogeneity. Tomographic studies of a full-size core made it possible to identify four lithotypes here with different pore structure features. Accounting for the identified reservoir heterogeneity, as well as data on the thickness and other characteristics of reservoir properties of individual lithotypes that make up the section, made it possible to significantly increase the detail of the final geological model of the wellbore section. A distinctive feature of this final geological model is the use of the method of enlargement of the initial data array by adding intermediate values that were calculated theoretically. The visibility of the final geological model of the borehole walls is provided by color 3D imaging of the calculated data of the enlarged massif and makes it possible to judge the presence of areas with good and weak fluid conductivity on the lateral surface of the borehole walls. According to this model, intrastratal transverse and longitudinal fluid-conducting “corridors” are observed in the circumwell zone that determine the hydro-dynamic movements of natural and artificial fluids in the space of productive reservoirs.

Evaluation of the effectiveness of natural origin metalworking fluids in reducing the environmental impact and the tool wear

In the present work, due to the key role played by the environmental compliance and the operators’ safety when using Metalworking Fluids (MWFs), a novel Natural Origin (NO) lubricant has been comparatively investigated with a commercial Mineral Based (MB) one in terms of: (i) environmental impact and (ii) lubricating/anti-wear performance. As for the former aspect, the values of Non-Ionic Surfactants (NIS) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) in the aqueous phase obtained after the chemical breaking of the emulsions were evaluated; as for the second aspect, the performance of emulsions with different concentrations and oil types (the mineral and the natural one) were assessed both in laboratory (tests using Falex tribometer) and in real production environment (tool flank wear evaluation during machining).The chemical breaking demonstrated that the aqueous phase extracted from the NO emulsion (fresh or after several months of working) was characterized by very low contents of NIS and COD (3 orders of magnitude and 3 times, respectively, less than the MB emulsion if considering fresh emulsions; 3 orders of magnitude and 4 times, respectively, less than the MB emulsion if considering emulsions after several months of working) thus making possible to re-use it in the production process.On the other hand, from the process point of view, tribological and wear tests revealed that the NO emulsion always led to a tool wear smaller than the one determined by MB: around 30% if using an oil content of 5% for both the emulsions; around 19% if using an oil content of 5% for NO and 9% for MB.

Research on the viscosity‐increasing mechanism and performance analysis of modified polysaccharide natural polymer fracturing fluid gel

AbstractIn this paper, a guar gum‐based hydraulic fracturing fluid suitable for low permeability oil and gas reservoirs was prepared using alkylamine guar gum (J580) as a thickening agent. The viscosification mechanism and comprehensive properties were analyzed to provide theoretical support for improving the fracturing fluid utilization rate and oil and gas field development in Changqing Oilfield. In this experiment, the properties and microstructure of thickener J580 were analyzed by infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (1H‐NMR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The rheometer, dynamic filtration device, and acid erosion fracture conductive ability device were used to study the temperature and shear resistance performance, viscoelastic properties, dynamic filtration performance, and fracture conductive ability damage of the system. the gel breaking performance, formation water compatibility, and anti‐swelling performance of the system were measured according to the standard. The results show that J580 is an amine modified product of guar gum, and its viscosity increasing mechanism is similar to that of guar gum. The breaking time of the system is 375 s, the residue content is 413 mg/L, and the surface tension is 26.49 mN/m. At 90°C, the viscosity of the solution can be maintained at 180 mPa · s, loss modulus G" dominates, the anti‐swelling rate is 82.5%, the damage rate of the conductive ability is 22.40%, and the dynamic filtration coefficient is 1.3 × 10−5 m/s1/2. The fracturing fluid system has good dynamic filtration performance, conductive ability, temperature and shear resistance, good structural strength, can easily break glue and return, and less residue content.

The temperature dependence of Raman intensity of aqueous species (SO42− and H3PO40): Implication for in situ fluid composition investigation at elevated temperature

Raman spectroscopy is a crucial technology in geoscience and often employed in in situ quantification experiments to investigate fluid compositions at elevated temperatures. Raman spectroscopic quantification is fundamental to understanding the hydrothermal behaviors of aqueous species, such as SO42− and H3PO40. Considering that SO42− and PO43− are closely associated with metal transportation and deposition, investigating the hydrothermal behaviors of these species, via Raman spectroscopic quantification, can give an assistance for the comprehension of relative ore-forming processes. During Raman spectroscopic quantification, the accuracy of the calibration coefficient (k), which bridges the concentration of a species (Cspecies) and its Raman peak area (Anormalized) in the form of Cspecies = k · Anormalized, is the key to accurate measurement of fluid composition. For high-temperature experiments, quantification of fluid composition is complicated because the coefficient k varies with varying temperatures. In this study, the temperature dependence of the calibration coefficients is retrieved, based on experiments on solutions containing SO42− and H3PO40 using the fused silica capillary capsules. The results show a well-established linear relationship between the k and 1/T (absolute temperature in Kelvin) for both SO42− and H3PO40. The reported linear k − 1/T relationship simplifies Raman-based fluid composition investigation at elevated temperatures: the k values throughout the whole temperature range of interest can be retrieved by measuring the room-temperature Raman intensity of a standard sample (i.e., with known composition) and one single data point at high temperature. We speculate that this linear k − 1/T relationship method may be established for other species (e.g., carbonate ions) and can be applied for experiments using other technics (e.g., hydrothermal diamond anvil cell) or retrieving the compositions of natural or synthetic fluid inclusions. For example, the empirical linear relationship can facilitate the measurements of gas concentrations (e.g., CO2) in natural fluid inclusions.

A Biomimetic Method to Replicate the Natural Fluid Movements of Swimming Snakes to Design Aquatic Robots.

Replicating animal movements with robots provides powerful research tools because key parameters can be manipulated at will. Facing the lack of standard methods and the high complexity of biological systems, an incremental bioinspired approach is required. We followed this method to design a snake robot capable of reproducing the natural swimming gait of snakes, i.e., the lateral undulations of the whole body. Our goal was to shift away from the classical broken line design of poly-articulated snake robots to mimic the far more complex fluid movements of snakes. First, we examined the musculoskeletal systems of different snake species to extract key information, such as the flexibility or stiffness of the body. Second, we gathered the swimming kinematics of living snakes. Third, we developed a toolbox to implement the data that are relevant to technical solutions. We eventually built a prototype of an artificial body (not yet fitted with motors) that successfully reproduced the natural fluid lateral undulations of snakes when they swim. This basis is an essential step for designing realistic autonomous snake robots.

The comparative analysis of the R290 heat pump system working with standard expansion valve and two-phase ejector

The heat pump systems play a significant role in the global energy transition process of household heating sources towards zero-emission. One of the key technologies to improve the efficiency of heat pump systems utilizing natural working fluids is application of the two-phase ejector, which is able to recover part of the expansion losses. The comparative experimental analysis of a novel ejector-based air-source R290 heat pump was performed. The two two-phase bypass ejectors were installed in a R290 heat pump unit and a number of modifications were introduced to the baseline system. The adaptions included implementation of the internal heat exchanger, increasing the superheat at the compressor suction port, and a liquid separator for handling the two-phase flow at the ejector outlet. The performance evaluation of the system was based on COP and system heating capacity. The comparative analysis with the R290 heat pump utilizing standard expansion valve and two-phase ejector was carried out for typical operating conditions for its domestic application during heating seasons. The system working with an ejector as a throttling device allowed for up to 33% of COP improvement over the system utilizing an expansion valve. Additionally, the ejector implementation resulted in decreased pressure ratio of the compressor, which increased the system heating capacity by up to 90%.

A heat pump dual temperature display cabinet using natural refrigerants

The dual-temperature display cabinet stores hot and cold products in the same unit and requires a heat source in addition to the refrigeration system. In these systems, the condensing heat from the vapor compression system can be conveniently recovered. The remaining challenge is to find a proper environmentally friendly refrigerant that matches this application. To address this challenge, three natural fluids and a zeotropic mixture were investigated in this study, namely R290, R744, R600, and R290/R600. Experimental data from a baseline dual-temperature display cabinet validated the numerical model in this study. It was found that the most important parameter is the air flowrate of the condenser, and the underlying principle is balancing the heating and cooling energy consumption for better comprehensive system performance. We found that R744 is superior to R290 at low ambient temperatures but fails to compete with R290 at high ambient temperatures. To overcome this challenge and exploit the temperature glide of zeotropes, R290/R600 mixture was proposed and demonstrated a robust energy-saving benefit from R290. The power consumption of dual-temperature open display cabinet using R290/R600 mixture is 9.2%, 12.2%, 14.6%, and 10.9% lower than the baseline (R290), at 15 °C, 20 °C, 25 °C, and 32 °C, respectively.

Transient natural convective heat transfer and fluid flow in an undulated cavity: Effects of localized heat sources

AbstractThe purpose of this research work is to investigate two‐dimensional transient natural convective heat transfer and fluid flows in an undulated cavity by placing solid objects with isolated heated surfaces on the bottom wall. We discretize the coupled nonlinear transport equations using a higher‐order compact finite‐difference scheme. First, we test our scheme using existing experimental and numerical data. Then, we analyze the transient and steady‐state natural convective flow phenomena for distributed heat sources on corrugations on the lower wall for a range of the Rayleigh number and Prandtl number . These simulated outcomes are presented in the form of central‐line velocity , local and averaged Nusselt numbers, streamlines , dispersion of isotherms , and so forth. It is found that the transient fluid flow behavior is more magnificent than the steady‐state solutions and shows the dominant behavior of the prominent primary cells over secondary cells, where it influences the heat transfer rates inside the entire enclosure. In steady states, at high Rayleigh numbers; convection dominates, formation of thermal boundary layers, compression of isotherms, and stratification of isotherms are significantly observed. Our results show many interesting flow phenomena that have not been analyzed previously.

In situ Raman spectroscopic measurement of the 13C/12C ratio in CO2: Experimental calibrations on the effects of fluid pressure, temperature and composition

The carbon isotope (δ13C) signature of CO2 within fluid inclusions is of significance to investigate because it can be used to decipher the carbon source of geological fluids. Raman spectroscopy has been applied to determine the δ13C of pure CO2. However, whether this approach can be applied to natural inclusions with complex compositions remains unknown. Here we present Raman spectra of CO2 ± N2 ± CH4 systems with known 13C/12C ratio (0.01–1.12) at temperatures (T) of 21 °C and 40 °C and at pressures (P) ranging from 0.5 to 50 MPa. Peak areas and peak heights of the 13CO2 (∼1370 cm−1) and 12CO2 (∼1285 cm−1) bands were determined to calculate the Raman spectroscopic quantification factors (F- and G-factor ratio). The results show that the quantification factors vary significantly with rising pressure in the low pressure range (e.g., <10 MPa), especially for pure CO2 system. Different fluid systems are characterized by pressure dependences. Specifically, both F- and G-factor ratios for CO2 fluid with a low 13C/12C ratio (e.g., 0.01) are different from that with a high 13C/12C ratio (e.g., 0.13) under the same T-P conditions. Fluid temperature does not result in significant variation in F- or G-factor ratios at the investigated temperatures. Based on these calibrations, we suggest that fluid pressure and composition (x) are prerequisites for Raman spectroscopic measurements of the 13C/12C ratio of CO2. However, the 13CO2 (∼1370 cm−1) band for CO2 from natural fluid inclusions is characterized by low Raman intensity, resulting in large errors in calculated peak area and peak height. Thus, accurate determination of the 13C/12C ratio of fluid inclusion CO2 is not feasible for inclusions with low CO2 density. Nevertheless, this method can be applied to investigate the carbon isotope fractionation in 13C labelled hydrothermal experiments, where CO2 with high a 13C/12C ratio is produced.

Rheological and interface adhesive properties of osteoarthritic synovial fluids

Lubrication by synovial fluid is vital in maintaining the physiological operation of diarthrodial joints, which can be compromised due to changes in synovial fluid as osteoarthritis progresses, resulting in a lubrication deficiency. We studied the rheological and interface adhesive properties of osteoarthritic synovial fluid samples (49 in total), aiming to establish the correlation with medical conditions experienced by patients who underwent knee or hip Total Joint Replacement due to osteoarthritis. The steady-state rheology and the interfacial adhesion energy of those samples were examined, of which the results were compared across various patient characteristics. Seniority (60–79 years old) and obesity (Body Mass Index above 30) were identified as the dominant risk factors for the degeneration of synovial fluid and, thus, the potential development of osteoarthritis. At low shear rates where the interactions are more prominent than high shear rates, synovial fluid viscosity decreased by 58% with age and 38% with Body Mass Index, while the shear-thinning index increased by 40% and 7%, respectively. Additionally, synovial fluid interfacial adhesion properties deteriorate, as shown by the adhesion energy results. The adhesion energy, which is positively correlated to the coefficient of friction, increased by 172% with age and by 234% with Body Mass Index. The changes in both rheological and interface adhesion properties of synovial fluid samples support the relationship between the physico-chemical properties and the clinical observation. The AFM based surface adhesion method could be considered as a new approach to evaluate the tribological characteristics of natural synovial fluids as it requires small volume of samples.

Sources and migration pathways of methane and light hydrocarbons in the subsurface of the Southern Po River Basin (Northern Italy)

This paper presents new chemical and isotopic data on gases from deep oil and gas fields, bubbling gases, dissolved gases in groundwaters and dry seeps of the Southern Po River Basin (Emilia-Romagna, Italy), aiming to (i) characterize and differentiate the various types of deep natural gases; (ii) identify the source(s) of methane and light hydrocarbons in shallow aquifers and surface gas-rich emissions; (iii) propose a conceptual model of natural fluid migration pathways in the sedimentary prism of the Southern Po River Basin. Based on the isotopic composition of CH4 and C2–C4 n-alkanes, CH4/(C2H6+C3H8) ratio, relative proportion of the C7 hydrocarbons and relative concentration of cyclic compounds with respect to the total cyclic abundance, three main deep reservoirs of hydrocarbons are identified in the subsurface of the Southern Po River Basin: (1) microbial gas hosted in Pliocene-Pleistocene marine sediments, (2) thermogenic gas hosted in Miocene deposits and (3) thermogenic gas produced in Triassic carbonates. Helium isotopes of these deep fluids indicate an almost pure crustal origin (Rc/Ra values = 0.014–0.04), with negligible contributions from mantle-derived helium. A variable contribution of atmosphere-derived fluids is highlighted by low 4He/20Ne (down to 5.42) and 40Ar/36Ar (≤319.5) values. Comparison of chemical and isotopic signatures of deep and surficial hydrocarbon occurrences suggests that methane in shallow groundwaters or gas seeps is sourced by microbial gas migrating upward from deep Plio-Pleistocene reservoirs, with no detectable contributions of Triassic or Miocene thermogenic hydrocarbons. At shallow depths (roughly around 20–50 m.b.g.l.), Plio-Pleistocene microbial methane appears to be mainly stored in anoxic aquifers. However, where CH4 further migrates upwards and reaches aerobic environments (e.g., aquifers or soils), it readily undergoes a process of exothermic microbial oxidation mediated by methanotrophic bacteria. Where the structural architecture of the sedimentary sequence favors the migration of fluids, the methanotrophic biofilter is bypassed and CH4 is discharged through soil diffuse degassing or gas bubbling at water wells. We argue that microbial consumption might be able to bio-sequester significant amounts of Plio-Pleistocene deep-sourced methane in the form of CO2 and biomass. Such process might be widespread in the subsurface of the Southern Po River Basin and, possibly, in other foreland basins worldwide.

Analysis of particle dispersion in a turbulent flow considering particle rotation

Non-spherical particles exist widely in natural and industrial fluid systems and the motions of non-spherical particles are significantly different from that of spherical particles. In this paper, a simplified model of non-spherical particles considering particle drag correction, lift, and rotation was established. Based on the Eulerian–Lagrangian simulation, the dispersion characteristics of spherical and non-spherical particles with different Stokes numbers in a high-speed turbulent jet were analyzed and compared considering the effect of particle rotation. The results show that, the differences in particle dispersion and radial velocity fluctuation between non-spherical particles and spherical particles in the jet are significant, especially when Stokes number is large. Moreover, the effects of different type of forces on the dispersion of non-spherical particles and spherical particles were compared in detail, which revealed that the change of the Magnus force caused by the increase in the angular velocity of non-spherical particles plays a dominant role in the differences of particle dispersion.

Experimental Viscosity Data for Binary and Ternary Systems of Arab Heavy Crude Oil and Diluents

To meet the global exponential demand for crude oil, development of unconventional crude oil deposits is essential but the major limitation is seen in pipeline transportation, given its exceptionally high viscosity. Saudi Aramco is the world’s leading crude oil producer with a significant contribution of Arab Heavy crude oil in the total production mix. In this paper, we have measured the viscosities of both binary and ternary mixtures of this heavy oil crude for the first time, using toluene and natural gas condensate fluids over temperatures encountered in pipeline transportation. Our study shows that both binary and ternary systems show excellent viscosity reduction characteristics with increase in viscosity index with temperature. The degree of viscosity reduction shows polynomial trends with excellent fits that facilitated the determination of the wax appearance temperature using differential calculus approach. The range of experimental temperature in this study and the excellent viscosity reduction characteristics of the systems testify to the suitability of our experimental data for pipeline transportation planning

SEROPREVALENCE OF TRANSFUSION TRANSMITTED INFECTION IN BLOOD DONORS AT A TERTIARY HEALTH CARE CENTRE

Blood safety begins with a healthy donor. Blood is a special form of natural fluid that is made and synthesized within the body and again used by the body for different bodily function.

Numerical analysis of the longitudinal size of the partition on natural convection heat transfer and fluid flow within a differentially heated porous enclosure

AbstractThe article deals with the effect of longitudinal size and shape partition embedded within a differentially heated porous enclosure. The objective is to curtail the heat transfer rate across such porous enclosures by means of partitions embedded within. The partition shapes under consideration are straight vertical left‐inclined, right‐inclined, L‐shaped, wavy, corrugated, and square‐wave. It is sought to find the most effective combination of partition length and shape that could serve the required objective. Also, many times, due to the constructional constraints of the porous enclosure or cavity, using full‐length partitions may not be feasible. In this regard, it is also sought to find the partition length that is to be maintained for achieving a significant reduction in heat transfer without much compromise. The results of the current study are useful for thermal design engineers particularly in the field of thermal insulation, solar heating application, and packed bed energy storage systems where the major challenge is to reduce the heat transfer across the system. The parameters under consideration are the longitudinal length L and Rayleigh number Ra. All the partitions under study are evaluated for bottom‐wall and top‐wall attached conditions. Some of the notable findings are that for smaller‐sized partitions (B &lt; 0.5), L‐shaped partitions are most effective in controlling the convection heat transfer rate across the enclosure while for larger‐sized partitions (L &gt; 0.5), square‐wave‐shaped partitions should be preferred for effective reduction in the rate of convection heat transfer.

Time‐dependent natural convection fluid flow of stably stratified fluid in an asymmetrically heated vertical channel filled with an anisotropic porous material

AbstractThis paper presents a theoretical analysis of the combined effects of anisotropic porous material and thermal stratification on the transient natural convection fluid flow in an asymmetrically heated vertical parallel channel. The solutions of the governing equations for the temperature and velocity fields are obtained using Laplace transform technique, Riemann sum approximation, and the D'Alembert method. The choice of the D'Alembert method is to provide a simple decoupling procedure for the coupled governing equations while still retaining their original orders. The research established that owing to the layering effect induced by the thermal stratification , the temperature and the velocity distributions of the fluid are found to be attenuated with an increase in thermal stratification. It is also observed that the inclusion of anisotropic parameters in the transport equations aids in regulating the fluid velocity, temperature, Nusselt number, skin friction, and mass flow rate. In addition, by neglecting the anisotropic parameter and taking into account the adiabatic stratification of the fluid, the numerical values for the mass flow rate of the present research favorably compared with the numerical results obtained by Singh et al.

A Comparative Numerical Study of Estimation of Velocity Components in Mixed Convection Through Vertical Shrouded Plate Finned Channel

Abstract An attempt has been made to investigate the performance of two methods of estimation of free and forced convection velocity components present in mixed convection. For this present analysis, a vertically configured shrouded plate finned channel is considered. From the literature, it is observed that in the solution of mixed convection problems related to the various engineering applications, proper estimation of induced velocity and fan/pump velocity plays a vital role. For this cause, segregation of the velocity components of free and forced convection present in the mixed convection becomes important. There exist two methods available in the literature, namely, first, the natural convection computational fluid dynamics method (NCM) used in the mixed convection computational fluid dynamics analysis under the same thermal and geometrical conditions, and second, forced convection decoupled method (FDM) applying the same pressure drop in forced and mixed convection across the channel. Results of this study reveal that if the free or induced velocity component present in the mixed convection is assessed based on the forced convection decoupled method, the pumping power results may be more precise than the natural convection computational fluid dynamic method as in the later method calculation of the forced convection velocity component is underpredicted. The natural convection velocity component evaluated through NCM varies 33% to 65.7% from the FDM based on the shroud clearance for the constant fin heights of 0.04 m. This variation is as high as 98% and 96% in the case of the larger nondimensional fin spacing of 0.3 and 0.5, respectively. A correlation of overall Nusselt number is suggested for a vertically configured shrouded dual-height plate finned channel evaluating appropriate Reynolds through the forced convection decoupled method.