Natural Color Research Articles

The Effect Of Adding Celery Leaves On The Quality Of Snow White Cookies

Snow princess cookies are one of the pastries that are very popular with Indonesian people, however, the variety of snow princess cookies is currently still lacking. Currently, the use of celery is still limited as a processed vegetable, so there is a need for innovation in processed celery. It is hoped that the addition of celery leaves can provide innovation in Snow White cookies because it provides a natural green color and also increases the fiber content and nutritional value of Snow White cookies. The aim of the research was to analyze the effect of adding celery leaves on the quality of Snow White cookies in terms of shape, color, aroma, texture and taste, this was motivated by the lack of variety in Snow White cookies. The use of celery is still not widely known by the public, the use of celery is only limited to processed vegetables. This type of research is pure experiment (true experiment). The research design used was a completely randomized design (CRD). Data was obtained from 3 limited panelists, using an organoleptic test format, then the data was analyzed using the analysis of variance test (ANOVA). If Fcount is greater than Ftable, then Duncan's test can be carried out. The research results show a significant influence on color quality. Meanwhile, the shape, aroma, texture and taste did not have a significant influence on the use of celery leaves on the quality of Snow White cookies. This is known from the conclusion which shows that the best overall score is neatly 3.78 (X0). The uniform shape was 3.78 in treatments (X1), (X2), (X3). Color 3.78 (X3) with green spots, aroma 4.00 (X0) fragrant category, texture 3.44 (X0) and (X3) not easily broken, texture 3.89 (X0) fragile, taste 4.00 (X0) sweet category.

Review on Classification, Extraction and Application of Natural Dyes

India has over 450 plants capable of producing dyes. Dyes from natural sources such as plant leaves, roots, bark, insectsecretions and minerals. Natural dyes are mainly used for dyeing natural fibers such as cotton, wool and silk. Most natural colors have special properties such as antibacterial, low toxicity, allergenicity and UV protection. They have been used since ancient times and are widely accepted in various fields such as food, textiles, fine arts and papermaking. There are currently many different dye extraction methods/processes, including Solvent extraction, aqueous extraction, enzymatic extraction, etc. All these extraction methods have their advantages and disadvantages. Experimental results show that it performs well with all natural dyes and may be a better alternative to synthetic dyes. In recent years, it has been observed that synthetic dyes have many drawbacks, such as toxicity, pollution, and allergenicity, but natural dyes do not have such drawbacks. This article discusses the types of natural dye sources and their extraction methods, classification, environmental benefits, and other uses.

Dual-wavelength superscattering in plasmonic core-shell nanostructures for transparent structural color

Structural coloration generates some of the most vibrant colors in nature and has numerous applications. Inspired by the recently reported transparent displays relying on wavelength-selective scattering, we address the novel problem of transparent structural color, which requires nanoparticles to have a narrow-band and broad-angle scattering response. Although superscattering beyond the single-channel limit has important prospects for enhancing transparent displays, it has not yet been reported. Here, we propose a simple dielectric-gold core–shell nanoparticle capable of superscattering at blue (λ = 450 nm) and green (λ = 532 nm) wavelengths, along with a dipolar surface plasmon resonance (SPR) at the red wavelength (λ = 640 nm), making it suitable for full-color transparent displays. We demonstrate that the superscattering at λ = 450 nm arises from the overlap of the epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) dipolar and quadrupolar modes. Furthermore, the coupling of conventional quadrupolar and dipolar modes can also enhance the scattering efficiency at λ = 532 nm, breaking the single-channel limit. Lastly, we show that the optimized nanoparticles can confine the scattering light within the forward hemisphere at λ = 450 nm and 532 nm, due to the interaction of quadrupolar and dipolar modes. Additionally, they exhibit dipole far-field radiation characteristics at λ = 640 nm with a wide angular beamwidth > 60°. The simple structural nature and unique scattering properties of proposed dielectric-gold core–shell nanoparticles hold promise applications in full-color transparent displays, spectroscopy, and biomedical imaging.

A preliminary study on the use of phycocyanin as a natural blue color source in toffee-type soft candy: Effect of storage temperature and pigment concentration.

In this study, phycocyanin obtained from Spirulina platensis extract was used at various concentrations as a natural blue color source in toffee-type soft candy, and the effect of various storage temperatures (4, 20, and 40°C) on the color stability was investigated. In addition, main quality parameters, such as water activity, texture, and sensory analysis, were determined in the samples stored for 3 months at 20°C, and thus the effect of phycocyanin addition on the product appeal was studied. According to the results, the addition of phycocyanin powder did not significantly affect water activity (p > .05). As expected, L*, a*, and b* values of the samples changed with the phycocyanin, and the ΔE values of the samples stored at 4, 20, and 40°C varied between 0.14-0.44, 0.84-2.76, and 2.63-7.90, respectively, during the entire storage period. The texture analysis outputs revealed that the use of phycocyanin did not cause any change in the textural properties of the samples (p > .05). Considering the sensory analysis, all studied concentrations scored high in terms of color liking, and the use of phycocyanin in toffee-type soft candy production resulted in a remarkable consumer appeal. Hence, the outcomes of this study show that if temperature control is performed in the production, the organoleptic properties of toffee-type candy products can be enhanced using phycocyanin and can meet consumer requests and demands.

Natural low-illumination image enhancement based on dual-channel prior information

This paper proposes an adaptive image enhancement method that aims to effectively restore the brightness, detail, and natural color of various low-illumination images. To be specific, the method first constructs the initial dual-channel illumination map of the image. Next, the optimal illumination correction coefficient is calculated by the prior information entropy of the initial illumination map, which helps to correct potentially erroneous illumination estimates. To restore the illumination, gamma correction is used with the optimal illumination correction coefficient. Finally, an improved perfect reflection constraint model is used to restore the color of the image. Both visual analysis and quantitative comparison with state-of-the-art methods demonstrate the effectiveness of the method in terms of brightness adjustment, detail recovery, and color restoration.

Urban acupuncture: Strategic design for campus street furniture based on generation Z preferences

The end of the COVID-19 pandemic marks the beginning of a new era in many disciplines, including education. Campus life is starting to flourish, and there has been a significant increase in the use of public spaces, but this has not been accompanied by the renewal and improvement of the campus public spaces that students frequently use for studying and other activities. Many of the street furniture was in poor condition, uncomfortable to use, or could not serve the users. This study aims to define the ideal public space from the perspective of Generation Z students as the users. To collect data, a closed questionnaire is distributed to students from various adjacent faculties. The information is then quantitatively processed to obtain the preferences of street furniture through several parameters, including shape, color, and material. According to the analysis, the best campus street furniture has a circular or face-to-face shape, is geometrically balanced, uses bright, natural colors, and has natural expression. Other improvements include adding more furniture, adding power or electricity, and adding shading. The conclusions of this conversation can act as an outline of guidelines for administrators and stakeholders on campus when planning public spaces and the elements that constitute them up to fulfill the needs of users.

Reviving, Reinventing and Rethinking an Indigenous Luxury Textile: Piña Cloth, and Fashion in the Philippines

Piña cloth, or textile woven from the delicate fibers of the pineapple plant used to be the epitome of luxury and high fashion in mid-nineteenth century Philippines. The weaving and wearing of piña experienced a rapid decline largely caused by the influx of British cotton textiles so that by the last half or the 20th century it had all but disappeared. This article analyses the history of reviving piña and its afterlives. It argues that reviving piña resulted in re-inventing new blended forms of the textile (with silk, cotton, and linen), and creating new ones such as piña shifu. Because these blended varieties are cheaper and faster to make, piña has been democratized. The revival process has caused a re-thinking of piña to make it “modern” and “chic”—from adding color to it (as traditionally it was worn in its natural ecru color), turning it into casual or everyday wear, and painting on it to make it wearable art. Finally, the revival project has also altered the status of weavers and challenged gender norms.

Genome and Compound Analysis of Sioxanthin-Producing Marine Actinobacterium Micromonospora sp. nov. Strain SH-82 Isolated from Sponge Scopalina hapalia.

Pigments and other secondary metabolites originating from marine microbes have been a promising natural colorants and drugs for multifaceted applications. However, marine actinobacteria producing such natural molecules are least investigated in terms of their taxonomy, chemical diversity and applications in biomedical, textile, and food industries. In this study, sioxanthin pigment-producing Gram-positive actinobacteria, Micromonospora sp. strain SH-82 was isolated from a marine sponge, Scopalina hapalia, and its whole genome was analyzed. Strain SH-82is a prolific producer of diverse chemical molecules as it produced more compounds on A1 medium with different culture conditions. The genome size of SH-82 is 6.24Mb (6,246,890bp) carrying 23 identified biosynthetic gene clusters. A total of 5415 CDS, 60 tRNA, 9 rRNA, and 1 tmRNA are identified from SH-82 genome. The GC content (%) of whole genome was 71.6%. Strain SH-82 harbors genes encoding type I, type II, and type III polyketide synthases. Based on the multi-locus sequence analysis and fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) composition, strain SH-82 is confirmed as a novel species. The genetic information of Micromonospora sp. SH-82 has been deposited to NCBI under the BioProject ID PRJNA1087320, with corresponding identifiers in the Sequence Read Archive (SRA) as SAMN40439676 and the Genome accession as CP148049.

Development of a scalable, high-anthocyanin and low-acidity natural red food colorant from Hibiscus sabdariffa L.

The hibiscus calyx contains 0.3–2.4% total anthocyanins, and is a promising source for naturally red food colorants. In this study, commercially available hibiscus calyces were subjected to ethanolic-aqueous extraction and chromatographic enrichment with the XAD-7HP resin, to create scalable, high-anthocyanin and low-acidity natural food colorants. Anthocyanins, organic and phenolic acids were monitored after each step using UHPLC-DAD and UHPLC-QQQ/MS. 75.67% total anthocyanins were recovered from calyces after double extractions, and the content increased by 8.50–14.90 times after the column enrichment, reaching 14.51–31.90% (by dry weight) in the final product. Chromatographic fractionation was also shown to effectively increase the total phenolic acids by 11.01–16.22 times, and remove an average of 98.58% of the total organic acids. High intensity redness at pH 2.5–3.5 indicated that the final product may be a promising, versatile natural food and beverage colorant in low pH products.

Extending the wisdom of Tai Lue weaving to create the values of handcraft and traditional wisdom for community furniture at Wat Yuan, Thailand

This work aims to study consumer demand for newly designed Tai Lue fabric patterns for decorating bar stools; to investigate consumer demand for the materials, colour, and design requirements of bar stools; and to produce prototype bar stools decorated by Tai Lue weaves based on customer preferences. Data were collected from interviews and a literature review was conducted to design a bar stool that incorporates Tai Lue weaving. A questionnaire was distributed to better understand the desires of customers, such as newly designed patterns, materials, colours, and design requirements of bar stools. Then a prototype bar stool was produced and customer preferences and satisfaction were identified and analysed. It was found that the most popular Tai Lue woven pattern is the Dok Sor pattern mixed with the Saeng pattern. This is suitable for producing cushions and backrests because it is tightly woven, flexible and adds to the furniture's appealing feeling. Furthermore, a prototype was produced using a D-style chair made with wood of a natural colour, which is simple and can be produced in the community. This prototype bar stool is suitable for use in coffee shops. Customer satisfaction was measured in terms of its Tai Lue weaving appreciation, acceptance, ease of use, comfort, satisfaction, and durability. The customer demand scored the highest at 4,000 baht (110 USD). Finally, this study can encourage the use of traditional Tai Lue weaving patterns, thereby creating additional value and income for the Tai Lue community at Wat Yuan, in Chiang Khan district, Phayao province, Thailand.

Assessing Participants' Experiences with Vitiligo from Patient Interviews.

Vitiligo is an autoimmune disease, causing skin depigmentation. Individuals with vitiligo incur substantial psychosocial burden and have expressed frustration with their treatments. Here, we describe the burden of vitiligo and opinions on what constitutes meaningful change among participants of two qualitative interview studies. Qualitative interviews were conducted with a subgroup of adolescent and adult participants with vitiligo from two pivotal phase 3 clinical trials of ruxolitinib cream (Study 1) and a real-world panel (Study 2). Participants were asked about their disease burden, treatment goals, importance of facial/body improvement (treatment satisfaction: scale range 0-10), and meaningfulness of change (yes/no). A total of 36 participants from Study 1 and 23 from Study 2 were interviewed. In Study 1, the highest degree of impact was on reduced self-esteem (facial lesions, 62.5%; body lesions, 55.6%), social inhibition (facial lesions, 65.6%; body lesions, 61.1%), and sun sensitivity (facial lesions, 31.3%; body lesions, 55.6%). Most participants (83.3%) reported that facial improvement was equally (36.1%) or more important (47.2%) than body improvement, with mean treatment satisfaction of 8.1 and 6.9, respectively. Meaningful change was reported by 83.3% and 92.9% of participants with 50-74% and ≥ 75% improvement per the facial Vitiligo Area Scoring Index, respectively, and by 82.6% of participants with ≥ 25% improvement per the total Vitiligo Area Scoring Index per Study 1 outcomes at Week 24. In Study 2, most (82.6%) participants felt that the noticeability of their vitiligo affected their behavior. Nearly all (87.0%) said that an ideal treatment would repigment or return natural color to their facial skin; 56.5% considered ≥ 50% facial repigmentation to be the smallest meaningful improvement. Participants from both qualitative interviews expressed substantial psychosocial burden. Repigmentation in both facial and body vitiligo were important, with meaningful change determined to be ≥ 50% facial repigmentation and ≥ 25% body repigmentation.

Studi kualitas pewarnaan alami kulit bawang merah pada kain batik

Shallots are a plant that is often used in human life. The waste product from shallots that can be used is shallot skins, where the shallot skins are usually just thrown away. This research uses a study of the quality of natural coloring of shallot skin on batik cloth. This research aims to determine the quality of the natural color of shallot skin on batik cloth. The process of researching the quality of shallot skin dye is that a cloth sample is attached to wax and then colored using shallot skin dye which has been extracted and fixed using an alum fixator. After that, the fabric sample is subjected to a night release process. Test samples in the laboratory through color fastness tests to wax release, color fastness tests to washing, color fastness tests to rubbing and color fastness tests to sunlight. Evaluate the resulting values ​​using gray scale and staining scale tools. The results of color fastness to waxing, washing, rubbing and sunlight are very low. This is because the anthocyanin and flaponoid compounds carried by shallot skin tend to be few or the coloring substances produced are very light.

Extraction of Bacterial Pigments and Analysing Their Potential as Natural Food Colourants

Extraction of Bacterial Pigments and Analysing Their Potential as Natural Food Colourants

EXPLORING FRUGIVOROUS BIRDS’ ABILITY TO ADAPT TO ARTIFICIAL FRUIT COLOURS

Alteration of fruit traits for domestication purposes is expanding globally, yet its impact on the adaptability of frugivores, especially birds, remains unclear. Fruit traits have been known to evolve in response to interaction with frugivores. However, technology-driven alterations to fruit traits deviate from these natural processes. We investigated the influence of changing natural fruit colour on the behaviour of birds via frugivory rate on natural and alternative fruit colours. Modelling clay was used to create three different colours of fake fruits (natural, red, and blue) by mimicking the fleshy fruit of Ficus microcarpa L.f., 1782 and the field experiment was conducted in EcoHub, Universiti Sains Malaysia. We measured the spectral reflectance of each fruit colour and accessed their conspicuousness level through the avian eye model. We also analysed the peck marks on the fruits. A statistically significant result showed that birds’ preference was the highest for natural fruit colour. Our findings reflect the inadaptability of frugivorous birds to changes in natural fruit colour and we believe that exercising caution when pursuing agricultural advancements is essential to prevent unintended disruptions to ecosystems.

Laju perubahan kadar air dan vitamin c snack mi kering dalam kemasan dengan penambahan pasta bit sebagai sumber vitamin c

Noodle snacks are snacks made from fried noodles, which are fried with the addition of seasonings. To improve the nutritional balance of dry noodle snack foods, it is necessary to conduct research by adding beetroot paste as a natural coloring and source of vitamin C. The purpose of this study is to determine the value of consumer preference for noodle snacks with the addition of beetroots and the rate of decline in snack quality. Dried noodles in packaging with the addition of beetroot paste as a source of vitamin C. The study used two types of packaging material, namely PE plastic and aluminum. Average organoleptic test value of noodle snack with addition of beetroot paste to quality attribute: aroma = 4.40; color = 4.32; taste = 4.36; crunchy = 4.28. The rate of quality decline in aluminum packaging against the variable of moisture content and vitamin C followed the rate of zero-order kinetics, with the value of the rate of increase in moisture content = 0.152. Meanwhile, the rate of decrease in vitamin C was -0.102. The results showed that the addition of beetroot paste to the making of noodle snacks was acceptable to the panelists. The addition of beetroot paste also provides a better vitamin C content, which is 3.75 mg/100g. Beetroot snack packaging using aluminum provides a lower rate of reduction in water content and vitamin C content compared to the use of PE plastic packaging materials.

Detection of trace levels of selected allergic chemicals in commercial hair dyes in local market of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

Hair dyes are now commonly used in Saudi Arabia, and other nations across the world, to cover up grey hairs and/or to modify the natural color of the hair. The principal ingredients of hair dyes are aromatic amines and phenols and which most likely cause allergic reactions, irritated skin, and even cancer in certain cases. Thus, the current study reports the separation and subsequent identification of four chemical constituents namely p-Phenylenediamine (PPD), 3-aminophenol (3AP), resorcinol (RES), and 2-methylresorcinol (2MRS) in 26 commercial hair dyes that represent ten famous brands available in the local market of Jeddah city, Saudi Arabia. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) technique was successfully employed to identify the four chemical compounds using methanol-aqueous solution (10:90 v/v) containing diethanolamine (0.05 %) and ammonium acetate (0.02 M) at pH 5.2 as a proper mobile phase. The column was 150 × 4.6 mm ID and 5 µm Eclipse Plus C18 column and the retention times were 1.26, 3.16, 4.99 and 6.01 min for PPD, 3AP, RES, and 2MRS, respectively. The four standards PPD, 3AP, RES, and 2MRS at 254 nm displayed excellent linear calibration plots in the concentration range 5–100 µg/mL with acceptable correlation coefficients (R2) of 0.9964, 0.9980, 0.9952 and 0.9961, respectively. The low limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) based on the standard deviation of the response and the slopes of the plots were found to be equal 7.17, 5.39, 8.33, and 7.47 µg/mL and 23.91, 17.97, 27.75, 24.89 µg/mL for PPD, 3AP, RES, and 2MRS, respectively.

Remote sensing data fusion approach for estimating forest degradation: a case study of boreal forests damaged by Polygraphus proximus

In the context of global climate change and rising anthropogenic loads, outbreaks of both endemic and invasive pests, pathogens, and diseases pose an increasing threat to the health, resilience, and productivity of natural forests and forest plantations worldwide. The effective management of such threats depends on the opportunity for early-stage action helping to limit the damage expand, which is difficult to implement for large territories. Recognition technologies based on the analysis of Earth observation data are the basis for effective tools for monitoring the spread of degradation processes, supporting pest population control, forest management, and conservation strategies in general. In this study, we present a machine learning-based approach for recognizing damaged forests using open source remote sensing images of Sentinel-2 supported with Google Earth data on the example of bark beetle, Polygraphus proximus Blandford, polygraph. For the algorithm development, we first investigated and annotated images in channels corresponding to natural color perception—red, green, and blue—available at Google Earth. Deep neural networks were applied in two problem formulations: semantic segmentation and detection. As a result of conducted experiments, we developed a model that is effective for a quantitative assessment of the changes in target objects with high accuracy, achieving 84.56% of F1-score, determining the number of damaged trees and estimating the areas occupied by withered stands. The obtained damage masks were further integrated with medium-resolution Sentinel-2 images and achieved 81.26% of accuracy, which opened the opportunity for operational monitoring systems to recognize damaged forests in the region, making the solution both rapid and cost-effective. Additionally, a unique annotated dataset has been collected to recognize forest areas damaged by the polygraph in the region of study.

Stabilized chlorophyll-based food colorants from spinach: Kinetics of a tailored enzymatic extraction.

An organic solvent-free method based on limited dosing options (biocatalyst and zinc chloride) for the quick and mild recovery of chlorophyll (Chl) from spinach has been proposed. This tailored, custom-made protocol has been designed to produce stable green natural colorants. The kinetics of pigment extraction turned out to be a very useful tool to identify the proper conditions, in terms of biocatalyst dose (0.10-50U/g), extraction time (1-48h), and ZnCl2 amount (50-300ppm), both for enhancing the recovery yield and preserving the green color. Considering the extraction kinetics, the recovery yield, and the colorimetric data, the suitable conditions to produce stable green and food-grade colorants are 0.10U/g of enzyme, 3h, and 150ppm of ZnCl2 at 25°C. The extraction yield of Chl (4863µg/U) was about 51% greater than control, with a higher extraction rate constant (5.43×10-4g/(µgmin)). Considering the impact of ZnCl2 amount on Chl, its protective action resulted to be more noticeable toward Chl a: at 150ppm, an increased amount of about 2.5 and 1.5 times was found for Chl a and Chl b, respectively, in comparison to the reference (0ppm ZnCl2). PRACTICAL APPLICATION: This research demonstrates how a suitable kinetic approach helps to provide a tailored protocol, customized for the vegetable matrix, to produce stable green natural colorants from spinach. Lowering enzyme dosage and ZnCl2 amount during the extraction of chlorophyll at low temperature is crucial for its potential use as a colorant in food industry, providing high economic values through saving time and environmental protection.

Pharmacological properties and stability of natural–colored foods: a literature review

Purpose Natural food colors used in food are generally perceived as additives. Therefore, many studies have been conducted to prove the health benefits and risks of using natural food colors, which play an important role in the food industry, and to identify realistic stabilization methods. This paper aims to examine the health effects of natural food colors from a pharmacological approach. Design/methodology/approach The paper searches for relevant literature using keywords such as “natural food coloring”, “stabilization” and “antioxidant effects”. For the case study area, this paper added “food science and technology” to identify methods for stabilizing natural food coloring. From this review, the authors ultimately selected 79 articles that appeared to meet the research objectives. Findings When using natural food coloring in food, there are concerns about stabilization. However, with the development of food science and technology, the authors have found that there are multi-layer emulsification methods that can be applied before, during and after food manufacturing, and storage standards are also important. Natural food coloring is playing a diverse role in food science. Originality/value Natural food coloring has been reported in various types of literature to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antitumor effects. The most common pigments are carotenoids. Considering the positive effects of natural food coloring on human health, the authors suggest future directions for the development of food science and technology and provide a perspective for changing consumer perceptions.

Utilization of Rosella as a Natural Color and Source of Antioxidants for Soybean Hull Nata

Utilization of Rosella as a Natural Color and Source of Antioxidants for Soybean Hull Nata