Natural Calamities Research Articles

GLDM: Geo-location prediction of twitter users with deep learning methods1

Social networks like Twitter are extremely popular and widely used, which has increased interest in studying the information posted there. One such analytical application is extracting location information of users for real-time monitoring of the objects and events of interest, such as political and social events, disease surveillance, natural calamities, and crime prevention. Identifying geographic location is a nontrivial task, as user profiles contain outdated and inaccurate location information. Furthermore, extracting geographical information from Arabic tweets is challenging since they contain many nonstandard data (dialects), complex structures, abbreviations, grammatical and spelling mistakes, etc. This study focuses on the localization of Saudi Arabian users who tweet in Arabic. This study proposes a convolutional neural network-based deep learning model to predict a Twitter user’s region-level location using user profiles, text texts, place attachments, and historical tweets. The model was evaluated empirically on a dataset of 95,739 tweets written in Arabic and produced by 4,331 users from Saudi Arabia cities. Regarding classification accuracy, the proposed CNN model outperformed machine learning classifiers such as NB, LR, and SVM with a 60% accuracy on the test set. This study is the first of its kind, aimed at localizing Saudi users based on their tweets.

Productivity analysis and costs of wheel cable skidder during salvage logging in European beech stand

Salvage logging is increasing in Central Europe because of the growth of severe meteorological events, and timber harvesting in these conditions is challenging in terms of both productivity performances and safety of the operations. In recent years, with the increase of natural calamities, several researchers studied machinery productivity performances regarding salvage logging carried out by ground-based systems. In fact, a common post-disturbance management approach is salvage logging which consists of the widespread removal of damaged trees. In this research, system productivity and the cost of salvage logging are analysed in European beech stands affected by wet snow. The accretion of heavy wet snow poses the greatest risk to forests in the Northern Hemisphere. This type of snow attaches more effectively to tree crowns and branches when temperatures are close to freezing at the time of precipitation. As a result, trees may break or bend and may be uprooted when the soil is unfrozen. This study has been implemented to evaluate the productivity and cost-effectiveness of extraction in salvage logging deployed with a skidder in beech stands affected by two different types of wet snow damage. The results show that the productivity of the four-wheel-drive cable skidder, despite operating in salvage cutting with a removal intensity of 10%, is 14.73 m3·SMH–1, similar to skidder performances in ‘ordinary’ cuttings. Skidder’s productive time was 86% of the scheduled time, whereas the delays were due to organisational reasons, mechanical delays, and adverse weather conditions. The mean travel speed of the cable skidder obtained in this study is close to the results obtained from other studies on similar machines. The costs per unit are lower than effective cost consumptions for the other cable skidders and agricultural tractors, adapted for skidding operated in hardwood salvage logging. Therefore, under the given conditions, the operation of the fourwheel-drive cable skidder is viable from a silvicultural, technical, and economic point of view in the salvage operation logging.

Effects of Various Inputs for Increased Interest Rate of Capital: A Nonlinear Budget Constraint Consideration

This article attempts to discuss economic effects of various inputs when the interest rate of capital is increased during profit maximization analysis. In this paper Cobb-Douglas production function, 6×6 bordered Hessian matrix, and 6×6 Jacobian are operated to make the study meaningful and interesting. Every firm wants to achieve a maximum profit, but achievement of profit maximization is not an easy process. A firm must be watchdog in every step of production, inventory, distribution, and management for attaining optimum result. In the twenty first century global economy faces serious complexities due to political unrest and war among the nations, also for abnormal natural calamities due to global warming. Therefore, efficient and wise decisions are necessary for the sustainability of the industrial firms.

Antecedents of green process innovation adoption: An AHP analysis of China's gas sector

Due to recent natural calamities, there has been a seismic shift in public awareness in regard to the urgency of sustainability. This increased awareness, especially among consumers, is compelling businesses to adopt greener practices as a means to address the devastating consequences of climate change. Against this context, the present study explores the factors that play instrumental roles in adopting green process innovation in the natural resource exploitation sector. This study focuses on China's gas sector. The study applies a three-fold approach wherein the first phase focuses on identifying factors that can contribute to green process innovation. The identified factors are shortlisted in the second phase using a mean value approach. In the third phase Analytical Hierarchal Process (AHP), a Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) approach, is employed to prioritize the selected factors. In the first phase, 36 factors were identified using the PRISMA approach. In the second phase, 27 factors appeared as the most influential for the green innovation process and proceeded for prioritization; factors AHP findings reflect the green culture and green innovation policy are essential for green process innovation. Human capital development, sustainability policy and regulations, internal policy robustness, stakeholder engagement, and process capital are vital contributors to the green innovation process. Our findings can be helpful while developing the strategies for a transition toward a green and sustainable economy.

Restoration of Ecological Management Practices among Keys Attractions in 2nd District of Albay: A Basis for Sustainable Tourism Operations

Restoration of Ecological Management Practices involves activities for the accessibility and protection of Tourist Attraction sites and the benefits of stakeholders for sustainability and development. This study dealt with restoring the environment and health safety, restoring increasing problems concerning natural calamities in the Tourist Attraction sites in the Second District of Albay, particularly in Manito, Daraga, Legazpi City, and Camalig. The data gathered were analyzed and interpreted employing the mixed method of research. Descriptive quantitative was used to analyze the data collected through the use of a questionnaire, constructed interviews to validate gathered data, and analysis of reports and documents. The study revealed the relevance and benefits of Eco-Tourism Management and Sustainability as they proposed Eco-Tourism Plans and activities to address the issue. Analyzed data revealed an Average level of awareness using given variables as proven and identified. Furthermore, there was a Moderate Impact on Indicator: Eco-Tourism Management Sustainability of Ecotourism with fully practiced and practiced. Tourist Sports owners and people in the community demand environmental awareness to protect Tourism Destinations in Albay, particularly in the Second District, as well as the other forms of maintaining Tourist Attractions. Tourism activities vary depending on stakeholders and government officials managing the activities.

Role of hydro generation in Indian power grid to challenge the uncommon load patterns during crisis

Recently, the Indian Prime Minister Appeals to switch off the Light by people during the corona outbreak for 9 min. It also provides a significant challenge to the Indian power grid. A small malfunction of the power system may lead to a huge disaster that may worsen the daily activity of the 100 million people along with the pandemic. This review work discusses the actions of Indian power grid operation during the challenge when all the domestic Light loads are switched off for 9 min from 21:00 Hours. POSOCO (Power system Operation Corporation) of India handled the difficulty using effective actions and logged the total reduction in all India demands of about 31,089 MW (31 GW) during the event. Before the event, Indian power demand started dropping from 20:45 Hours and reaches 85,799 MW at 21:10 Hours. Subsequently, after the event, the demand begins inclined and settled around 114400 MW at 22:10 Hours. During this complete process, the grid frequency remained between 50.26 Hz and 49.70 Hz. On the other hand, the preliminary mock exercise was conducted by POSOCO before the day of the actual event and reported the expected load reduction of 15085 MW. It was anticipated by summation of SLDCs (State Load Dispatch Centers) which was half value with reported load reduction during the actual event and shows higher variance. This article also interpreted the reports of POSOCO and estimated that the actual Load reduction of this event was about 27452 MW taking place for 15 min. From the discussions, it is observed that the hydro generation schedule have the potential to minimize the havoc of the power system during steep increase and reduction of load demand during unexpected natural or artificial calamities.

FAKE NEWS DETECTION USING NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING

Online social media plays an important role during real world events such as natural calamities, election s, social movements etc. Since the social media usage has increased, fake news has grown. The social media is often used by modifying true news or creating fake news to spread misinformation. The creation and distribution of fake news poses major threats in several respects from a national security point of view. Hence Fake news identification becomes an essential goal for enhancing the trustworthiness of the information shared on online social network. Over the period of time many researcher has used different methods, algorithms, tools and techniques to identify fake news content from online social networks. The aim of this paper is to review and examine these methodologies, different tools, browser extensions and analyze the degree of output in question. In addition, this paper discuss the general approach of fake news detection as well as taxonomy of feature extraction which plays an important role to achieve maximum accuracy with the help of different Machine Learning and Natural Language Processing algorithms. Keywords—Fake News Detection, Natural Language Processing, Online Social Network, Machine Learning, Sentiment Analysis.

The State of the Art in Deep Learning Applications, Challenges, and Future Prospects: A Comprehensive Review of Flood Forecasting and Management

Floods are a devastating natural calamity that may seriously harm both infrastructure and people. Accurate flood forecasts and control are essential to lessen these effects and safeguard populations. By utilizing its capacity to handle massive amounts of data and provide accurate forecasts, deep learning has emerged as a potent tool for improving flood prediction and control. The current state of deep learning applications in flood forecasting and management is thoroughly reviewed in this work. The review discusses a variety of subjects, such as the data sources utilized, the deep learning models used, and the assessment measures adopted to judge their efficacy. It assesses current approaches critically and points out their advantages and disadvantages. The article also examines challenges with data accessibility, the interpretability of deep learning models, and ethical considerations in flood prediction. The report also describes potential directions for deep-learning research to enhance flood predictions and control. Incorporating uncertainty estimates into forecasts, integrating many data sources, developing hybrid models that mix deep learning with other methodologies, and enhancing the interpretability of deep learning models are a few of these. These research goals can help deep learning models become more precise and effective, which will result in better flood control plans and forecasts. Overall, this review is a useful resource for academics and professionals working on the topic of flood forecasting and management. By reviewing the current state of the art, emphasizing difficulties, and outlining potential areas for future study, it lays a solid basis. Communities may better prepare for and lessen the destructive effects of floods by implementing cutting-edge deep learning algorithms, thereby protecting people and infrastructure.

Vegetables from the wild: a report on the edible wild herbs and shrubs used by the <i>Tutsa</i> tribe of Arunachal Pradesh, North East India

Arunachal Pradesh in eastern Himalaya is a state with diverse ethnic groups who live in close association with nature. Among more than 100 tribes, Tutsa is an ethnic community inhabiting one of the remotest regions of the state namely Tirap and Changlang districts. The tribe is known for rich oral traditional knowledge which is still undocumented. Therefore, an attempt was made to document their eating habits from the wild. The field survey (2019-2021) resulted in the documentation of many economically valuable wild herbs and shrubs used by the community as an alternative food source. The study noted that the art of eating from the wild act as a rescuer to the Tutsas at times of famine or when the region gets disconnected due to landslides and other natural calamities. Clerodendron glandulosam, Diplazium esculentum, Pilea umbrosa and Piper pedicellatum species are some of the favourites of the Tutsas. However, it was observed that such traditional indigenous knowledge is limited to older age groups. Therefore, this kind of timely documentation is much-valued information.

Unlocking the Power of Community Partnerships in Driving Green Economy Practices: Lessons from Indonesia’s Cases in Agriculture, Forestry, and Waste Management

Amidst environmental challenges, natural calamities, poverty, and social disparities, the imperative to nurture sustainable practices that benefit the environment, economy, and society has grown more pronounced. The paradigm of green economics embodies efforts to elevate human well-being while upholding ecological sustainability. In the context of green economics within developing nations, the role of community practices becomes integral through the lens of community partnerships, which bolster community endeavors in achieving their objectives. Nevertheless, the lack of substantial empirical investigations into partnerships related to green economy practices remains conspicuous. This research aims to scrutinize community partnerships’ manifestations within the green economy practices domain. Utilizing a qualitative methodology, the study delves extensively into the practices encompassing organic coffee cultivation in Aceh, apiculture in West Sumatra, mangrove conservation in East Kalimantan, and waste management in Jakarta. Data collection involves in-depth interviews, direct observations, and focused group discussions within each locality, subjecting the data to thematic analysis. The study unveils several noteworthy findings. Firstly, community partnerships related to green economy practices emerge as collaborative endeavors that collectively empower communities to address economic and environmental challenges. Secondly, the configurations of community partnerships assume diverse forms, spanning from community-initiated efforts to those instigated by businesses or governmental entities. Thirdly, partnership engagements may involve a single community or extend to multiple communities within a region. Lastly, the research identifies establishing robust social institutions within communities as a foundational step toward executing community partnership endeavors that underpin green economic practices within Indonesian society. The social implications of this study furnish invaluable insights for the grassroots implementation of green economic practices. From an academic perspective, this research holds the potential to contribute to the evolution of partnership models within the realm of community development in the context of green economic activities.

Population and Distribution of Himalayan Tahr (Hemitragus jemlahicus) in Lamtang National Park of the Nepal Himalaya

The Himalayan ecosystems, which are among the least studied mountain ecosystems, face threats and habitat degradation due to unplanned development, natural calamities, and overgrazing. Ungulates like Himalayan tahrs (Hemitragus jemlahicus), play a crucial role in mountain ecology as it forms the major prey base of the top predators of mountain ecosystems. Objective: To explore the population status, distribution, and habitat uses of Himalayan tahrs in Lamtang National Park (LNP), Central Nepal by line transect method during May 2022. Methods: Total 20 transects each of about 500 m length were established randomly along the Lamtang River at different elevations from 3100m to 4300m and Himalayan tahrs were observed. Results: A total of 154 Himalayan tahrs were recorded from 9 herds that accounted for an average herd size of 17.1 ± 5.77 individuals. The elevational distribution of the herds ranged between 3107 m and 4200 m asl. Their preferred habitat was rocky cliffs, with grasslands, shrublands, and rhododendron-fir-mixed forests being utilized to a lesser extent. The tahrs predominantly inhabited rugged terrain on south-facing slopes, prioritizing it over other available habitats. Conclusions: The demographic indices of the Himalayan tahrs in the LNP show a remarkable decline when compared with the previous studies in the same area in 1976 and 2006. Therefore, conservation and management initiatives of the Himalayan tahrs are urgently needed in the LNP

Comparative Analysis of Traditional and Contemporary Architecture in Context to Sustainable Characteristics and its Construction Techniques: A Case of Kumaon Region

Abstract: This research focuses on the study of traditional architecture of Kumaon, and how it has changed over the period of time. Kumaon region in Uttarakhand shows great examples of traditional architecture which has proven to be the best earthresistant structures. The concept of science and earthquake-resistant structures were beyond the thought process of the people of that time. These traditional structures were cost effective, energy-efficient, provide thermal comfort for the longer period of day. The buildings of that time were locally constructed by the skilled person of the community using conventional materials like stone, mud, timber slates etc. With rapid urbanization, the need for rapid development has increased, transportation has improved, and the need for high rise structures has encouraged the use of modern materials such as concrete. However, society continues to demand better services, faster and easier construction to meet the needs of residents, resulting in serious damage to the fragile environment in and around settlements. To minimize the environmental impact of damage caused by modern technology, the use of indigenous practices needs to be revived. This research comprises of the comparison of traditional architectural style “Koti banal” which is rarely being used in many northern parts of Uttarakhand and current construction technique which is affecting the natural terrain of Kumaon resulting in natural calamities like landslide, soil erosion etc. The vernacular practices and patterns followed in conventional hill settlements have splendid capability to emerge as the premise for brand new improvement and system of suitable constructing policies for hill settlements.

Child drowning and associated risk factors: Findings from a qualitative study in Bangladesh.

World Health Organization (WHO) has classified drowning as a major public health problem. The most vulnerable victims of drowning are children from low and middle-income countries. Previously, it was the primary cause of death among children aged between 1 and 17 years in Bangladesh. This study explored the surrounding circumstances and associated factors of child drownings in Bangladesh. A qualitative phenomenological approach has been used to conduct the study. Bangladesh was chosen as the study area, and data were gathered using a semi-structured, open-ended questionnaire. Using convenience and snowball sampling methods, we have collected data from Dhaka and seven additional districts in Bangladesh. We reached a total of 44 individuals, where 22 agreed to participate in an interview (face-to-face and online interviews). The remaining 22 participants were selected in two focus group discussions via the web platform "ZOOM cloud meeting." Our investigation revealed several factors associated with child drowning, including a lack of adequate parental supervision and monitoring, geographic locations and environment, seasonal factors, low living standards, peer pressure and risky behaviors, social stigma and prejudices, and natural disasters and calamities. According to our findings, a lower socioeconomic position is linked to a higher risk of nonfatal drowning. Moreover, this research also indicates a substantial nexus between child drowning fatalities and the socioeconomic conditions of the families of the victims. The study adds to the existing body of knowledge by underlining the associated factors of child drowning fatalities in Bangladesh, which will aid in developing preventive policies. An essential aspect of any drowning prevention program for Bangladesh should be enhanced for community awareness of safe water rescue and resuscitation practices.

Entrepreneurship in India's Handicraft Industry with the Support of Digital Technology and Innovation During Natural Calamities

Entrepreneurship in India's Handicraft Industry with the Support of Digital Technology and Innovation During Natural Calamities

MULTI-SENSOR ANALYSIS FOR EXPERIMENTAL DIAGNOSTIC AND MONITORING TECHNIQUES AT SAN BEVIGNATE TEMPLAR CHURCH IN PERUGIA

Abstract. In the contemporary world, human and natural calamities are challenging our capabilities to preserve heritage and develop innovative safeguard strategies that also address the requirement of sustainability for restoration purposes, still considering the connection between tradition and innovation. This work introduces non-invasive diagnostic practices that offer a new insight of the built environment by studying two different elements of the same architecture of San Bevignate Templar church: a thermographic mapping obtained with special post-processing procedures provided interesting information about the hidden wall pattern, while a prototypal laser scanner, called RGB-ITR, and a UAV survey supplied new insights on the precious paintings. The assessment of the masonry quality constitutes an a priori condition for a reliable estimation of its seismic vulnerability and for the planning of effective yet conservative interventions. The access keys to 'sustainability' therefore consist in the improvement of these contactless investigations, which can be performed both in passive conditions, in the case of thermography surveys, and in active ones, such as for the RGB-ITR scanner, as necessary substitutes for destructive or partial-destructive tests. The research achieved promising results for the characterisation of the architectural structure and the paintings, with the aim of a long-term monitoring of the structure and the decorative apparatus of a monumental heritage located in an area vulnerable to seismic and environmental events.

Strategic Direction and Crises Preparedness in Manufacturing Firms within the Kenya Association of Manufacturers in Kenya

The global and local business environment in the twenty first century has become complex and unstable for firms’ strategic leadership, because of rapid development, continuous change, business disruptions, and man-made as well as natural calamities. The purpose of this study was to determine how strategic direction influences crises preparedness in manufacturing firms within the Kenya Association of Manufacturers (KAM) in Kenya. The research adopted the positivism approach as the research philosophy and utilized descriptive correlational research design. The study population consisted of 783 chief executive officers from the KAM where a sample of 292 was drawn using stratified random sampling technique. Data was collected through self-administered questionnaire whereas descriptive and inferential statistical techniques were used to perform data analysis. Descriptive statistics focused on relative frequency distribution, means and standard deviation. Inferential statistics included Chi-square test for test of association, Kruskal-Wallis H Test and ordinal logistic regression. The study results are presented in form of table and numerical measures with descriptions. The study established that strategic direction had a statistically significant and positive influence on crises preparedness of manufacturing firms (β = 0.345, p < 0.05). Additionally, chi-square findings showed that manufacturing businesses' crises preparedness and strategic direction were significantly associated (χ2 = 40.705, p < 0.05). A statistically significant difference in the mean rankings of crisis preparedness for the different levels of strategic direction of the firms was also found according to the findings of the Kruskal-Wallis H test (H = 18.581, p < 0.05). The study concluded that strategic direction was an essential antecedent of crises preparedness in manufacturing companies in Kenya. The study recommends to corporate leaders to continually investigate and evaluate potential key areas of crises informed by their evolving operating environment when developing their firms’ purpose, intent, vision, mission and objectives.

EXPLORE THE CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACT SCENARIO OF URBAN CITIES IN BANGLADESH: A QUALITATIVE APPROACH

Bangladesh is one of the vulnerable countries which is mostly exposed to the influences of climate change and along with urban areas being particularly at-risk severity. This paper explores the climate change effect scenario of lower and middle-income (LMIC) urban cities in Bangladesh using a qualitative approach. The study aims to categorize the current and potential forthcoming effects of climate change on LMIC urban cities in Bangladesh, as well as the coping and adaptation approaches adopted by the municipal communities. This study was conducted in three LMIC urban cities of Bangladesh, namely Dhaka, Chattogram, and Khulna, using semi-structured key informant interviews (KIIs) and focus group discussions (FGDs) with local government officials, community leaders and key representatives from relevant NGOs. The results of the study show that LMIC urban municipalities in Bangladesh are already experiencing various influences of natural calamities and hazards, such as cyclone, heavy rainfall, flooding, waterlogging, heatwaves, cold wave and sea-level rise high & low tide etc. These include the expansion of early warning systems, flood control measures, and the promotion of sustainable urban development practices. The study also exposes that local communities have developed various coping and adaptation strategies, including the construction of flood-resistant structures, water management systems, and awareness-raising campaigns on climate change. Overall, the study highlights on the urgent requirement for policymakers, urban planners, and others key stakeholders to take proactive procedures to address the impacts of climate change on LMIC urban cities in Bangladesh. The study underscores the importance of accepting a multi-stakeholder approach that contains the active participation of all relevant stakeholders in developing and executing effective adaptation tactics. The findings of this study have important suggestions for policy and practice in Bangladesh and other LMIC countries. The study highlights the need for more comprehensive and integrated approaches to climate change adaptation in LMIC urban cities, which should take into account the social, economic, and political context of these areas. The study also emphasizes the importance of community-based and participatory methods to climate change adaptation, which can increase the resilience and adaptive capacity of urban local communities.

Impact of Armed Conflicts on Public Health Infrastructure and Services in Oromia, Ethiopia.

Background Oromia is the largestnational regional state in the Ethiopian federation.It covers over a third of the country's landmass. In terms of sheer geography, Oromia is about the size of the sovereign European state of Germany. Demographically, Oromia closely matches with Poland among otherEuropean countries. Since early 2019, there areactively ongoing armed conflictsin Oromiadamagingthe public health infrastructure and hampering the provision of healthcare services. Objective The objectiveof this study isto assess and document the impacts of armed conflicts in Oromia on the public health infrastructure. Method The study is a quantitative review of administrative records and reports employing aqualitativeanalytical prism. Results Oromia has 22 administrative zones of which 11 (50%) host142 sites sheltering about 1.5 million Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs). A total of 1072 public healthcare facilities sustained attacks in areas of armed conflicts across Oromia. Among the 159 motor vehicles attacked (ambulances, district health office carsand motorbikes), 44% were ambulances. Only for the first two weeks of January 2023, 25,580 Severe Acute Malnutrition (SAM)cases were reported by healthcare facilities from the areas affected byarmed conflictsin Oromia.In these areas, 11,740 patients with malnutrition were enrolled into the Outpatient Therapeutic Program (OTP), 1050 were put on subcutaneous infusion (SC) and seven died due to SAM only in the first two weeks of January 2023.Severe droughts that happened for five consecutive rainy seasons over the last three years have hit hard 10 administrative zones inOromia, therebycompounding the impacts of the armed conflicts. Conclusions Armed conflictsare damagingthe public health infrastructureand hampering healthcare provisionsin Oromia. Suchconflictsare evictingpeople from theirresidentialplaces thereby forcing themto live in poorly thatched out temporary shelterswith clearimplicationfor serious health crises. When compounded with natural calamities such as climate-change-driven drought, the impacts ofsuch conflictson public healthinfrastructure and the resultant constraints on provision of vital public healthcare services would be paramount. The authors recommend for further detailed studies on the sustained impacts that these armed conflicts can possibly bring on the provision of vital public health services in Oromia.

Displacement and Marginalisation of Haitian Immigrants

Displacement is the forced or voluntary migration of people. Colonialism and Imperialism are the significant factors that lead to the displacement and dislocation of people. Economic poverty and natural calamities add to the physical movement of people from one country to another. The migrants suffer physically and psychologically in the host countries. The fear of non-acceptance leads to their marginalisation in society. Marginalisation is a social phenomenon in which ethnic minorities or sub-groups are excluded from mainstream society. When an individual migrates, he aspires to acceptance in the host country. The natives do not find any semblance to the migrants and do not accept them; they treat them indifferently, demean them, and use derogatory terms for them. The immigrants find it difficult to adapt and feel secluded and marginalised. Edwidge Danticat writes about the immigration of Haitians and the problems they faced after immigration. The immigrants are displaced in the host country and feel alienated when they do not find any help or solace. They face social, economic, political, cultural and psychological marginalisation. The marginalised are always at the receiving end, and their needs are ignored. These marginalised people may develop low self-confidence and self-esteem.

Study on Knowledge Level of Paddy Farmers on Climate Change in Nagapattinam District of Tamil Nadu, India

This study examined the Knowledge level of Paddy farmers on Climate Change the Nagapattinam district of Tamil Nadu state in India. It is situated in the coastal area and is very often subjected to natural calamities which were mainly reflected in the Paddy cultivation to the worst status. The ex-post facto research design was used in this research study. A sample size of 200 was fixed for the study. The data were collected with the use of a well-structured and pre tested interview schedule for farmers covering all the aspects of knowledge on Climate change. The respondents’ knowledge level of climate change was measured by designing exclusively the knowledge test. The study revealed that more than half of the respondents (55.00%) had a medium level of knowledge of climate change. Nearly one-third (32.50%) of the respondents had a high level of knowledge and a lesser number of respondents (12.50%) were found to be under the category of low- level knowledge. Educational status, farming experience, contact with extension agencies, information seeking behaviour, social participation, innovativeness, risk orientation and awareness had shown positive and significant associations with paddy farmers knowledge and these variables contributed to improving the knowledge level of the Paddy farmers on climate change. They had knowledge of changes in the rainfall patterns, extreme climatic events, changes in the crop growths stages, ground water table and pest and disease outbreaks but the famers don’t have enough knowledge on climate change adaptation strategies in Paddy cultivation with respect to tackle the problem of salinity, sodicity and effects of humidity in grain filling to cope up with climate change. Hence, it is recommended that special training programmes may be frequently offered in the study area to improve the knowledge and skill of the farmers on climate change.