Natural Bischofite Research Articles

High Performance of Mn2O3 Electrodes for Hydrogen Evolution Using Natural Bischofite Salt from Atacama Desert: A Novel Application for Solar Saline Water Splitting.

Solar saline water splitting is a promising approach to sustainable hydrogen production, harnessing abundant solar energy and the availability of brine resources, especially in the Atacama Desert. Bischofite salt (MgCl2·6H2O) has garnered significant attention due to its wide range of industrial applications. Efficient hydrogen production in arid or hyper arid locations using bischofite solutions is a novel and revolutionary idea. This work studied the electrochemical performance of Mn2O3 electrodes using a superposition model based on mixed potential theory and evaluated the superficial performance of this electrode in contact with a 0.5 M bischofite salt solution focusing on the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) that occur during saline water splitting. The application of the non-linear superposition model provides valuable electrochemical kinetic parameters that complement the understanding of Mn2O3, this being one of the novelties of this work.

Evaluation of Technologies and Technical Means for Using the Phenomenon of Natural Bischofite in the Field of Mining Industry and Ecology

Evaluation of Technologies and Technical Means for Using the Phenomenon of Natural Bischofite in the Field of Mining Industry and Ecology

Hematological parameters of young pigs when feeding an enzyme and probiotic drug and a complex mineral additive

The purpose of the work was to study the hematological parameters of young pigs on fattening when using the enzyme and probiotic drug “Bacell” separately and in combination with natural bischofite. The data of studies on the study of the effect of the drug “Bacell” separately and in combination with Volgograd bischofi te on hematological indicators refl ecting the physiological state of pigs were shown. The following parameters were studied in the blood such as the number of erythrocytes and leukocytes, hemoglobin content, total protein, albumin, total calcium, inorganic phosphorus. It was revealed that at the end of the studies in animals of the 1st and 2nd experimental groups the number of red blood cells in the blood was higher than in the control group analogues by 5,80 and 8,70 %, the hemoglobin content was higher by 2,68 and 4,24 % (p < 0,001). Between the experimental groups the diff erence in the number of red blood cells in the blood was in favor of the young pigs of the 2nd group, the superiority of which in comparison with the 1st group was 2,74 %, and in terms of hemoglobin content by 1,52 %. Also, the young pigs of the 1st and 2nd experimental groups exceeded the control group in terms of the amount of total protein in the blood serum, respectively, by 2,01 g/l or 2,52 % (p < 0,05) and 2,31 g/l or 2,89 % (p < 0,01); albumins by 1,24 g/l or 3,53 % (p < 0,05) and 1,56 g/l or 4,44 % (p < 0,01); globulins – 0,76 g/l or 1,70 % and 0,75 g/l or 1,68 %. In the experimental groups of pigs, in terms of the total protein content in the blood serum, the animals of the 2nd group had an advantage, which exceeded the analogues of the 1st group by the studied indicator of 0,30 g/l or 0,37 %, and in terms of albumin concentration by 0,32 g/l or 0,88 %. At the same time, a higher protein index of blood serum was established in fattened young pigs of the experimental groups by 2,57 and 3,85 %, respectively, compared with the control group. Mineral metabolism was more intense in pigs of the experimental groups compared with the control group. Thus, the inclusion in the diets of fattened young pigs of experimental groups of the drug “Bacell”, both separately and in combination with Volgograd bischofite increased redox and metabolic processes in the body in comparison with the control group. These processes were more intense in young pigs of the 2nd experimental group, who received the drug “Bacell” in combination with natural bischofite.

Construction of Shape‐Controlled MgO Microstructures by Natural Bischofite for Cost‐Efficient Dye Adsorption

AbstractIn this work, Magnesium oxide (MgO) adsorbents were synthesized by coprecipitation method via natural bischofite (MgCl2 ⋅ 6H2O, ≥96 wt %) as magnesium source, two different morphologies of MgO nanomaterials, flower‐spheres‐like (MgO−S1) and lamellas‐like (MgO−L1), were successfully synthesized by control of synthesis conditions. The adsorption experimental results showed on Congo Red (CR) dye that both MgO−S1 and MgO−L1 exhibit outstanding adsorption performance with a high adsorption quantity (about 2000 mg ⋅ g−1). Langmuir was the most suitable model to describe the adsorption isotherm. The adsorption kinetics of CR are in accord with the pseudo‐second‐order kinetics (PSO). As a control, flower‐spheres‐like (MgO−S2) and lamellas‐like (MgO−L2) were synthesized by commercial MgCl2 ⋅ 6H2O, and their adsorbing performance on CR dye in wastewater was studied. The results show that MgOs prepared by different Mg resources took on exactly the same shape and nearly the same adsorption properties.

Influence of the Chemical Activation of Aggregates on the Properties of Lightweight Vibro-Centrifuged Fiber-Reinforced Concrete

One of the most essential building materials for sustainable development is concrete. However, there is a problem with a lack of inexpensive, efficient ways to make it high-strength and ultra-dense. A promising direction is the additional processing or activation of the cheapest component of the concrete mixture—inert aggregate. The article is devoted to a promising method for the simultaneous activation of both large and small aggregates using vibro-centrifuge technology. It has been established that the activation of concrete aggregates with aqueous solutions of natural bischofite at a concentration of 6 g of dry matter per 1 L of water is the most rational and contributes the maximum increase in strength characteristics and the best values of strain characteristics. Strength characteristics increased up to 16% and ultimate strains increased to 31%, respectively, and the modulus of elasticity increased to 9%. A new improved lightweight fiber-reinforced concrete was created and an innovative technology is proposed that makes it possible to achieve savings in manufacturing due to a significant improvement in structural properties and reducing the working sections of reinforced concrete elements. Regularities between the fundamental chemical processes of the surface activation of aggregates and the physical processes of structure formation of compacted and hardened concrete were revealed. An improvement in the structure of concrete at the micro- and macro-levels was recorded due to a point decrease in crack formation at the interfaces of the “cement matrix-aggregate” and “cement matrix-fiber” phases, and a decrease in the number of micropore defects was also found. Economic efficiency reached 25–27%.

Technology for increasing safety of operation of pit-run and motor roads and prevention of dusting of tailings dumps by treatment them by natural bischofite water solutions

The ore mined in open pits, the depth of which often exceeds 200 m, is taken out of them as a ruie by dump trucks having capacity of up to 300 t. Provision of safety of pit-run motor transport and uninterrupted open pit operation, particuiariy in wintertime is an important task. Pecuiiarities of pit-run motor roads running presented. Existing methods of preventing winter siipperiness at motor roads considered, their possibilities and drawbacks highlighted. A technology elaborated to prevent the winter slipperiness and dusting of pit-run motor roads by treatment them by natural bischofite (MgCl2•6H2O) water solutions (RPB). The RPB has a density of 1250 kg/m3, freezing temperature -35 °С and is attributed to the substance of 4th class of danger. Dependence of rocks mass freezing temperature on the content of water RPB in it determined. Testing results of industrial technology of prevention winter slipperiness and dusting of motor roads in the open pits of Krivbas, Ukraine presented. The technology includes preliminary preventive treatment of the roads by a water solution of natural bischofite. Recommendations on its concentration, necessary for roads surface treatment were given, depending on the air temperature at various open pit depth and time of treatment commencement after receiving weather forecast. It was recommended to treat the pit-run motor roads by reagent of water RPB on the surface at air temperature down to -3 °С at the depth of more than 100 m - lower -3 °С, at the depth of more than 200 m - lower -5 °С. Recommendations elaborated to prevent dusting of motor roads, dumps and tailings dumps of mining and concentration plants by application natural bischofite water solutions, which effectively fasten the dusting surfaces preventing blowing-off the dust from them.

ВЛИЯНИЕ БИШОФИТА И ФОСФАТИДНОГО КОНЦЕНТРАТА НА МЯСНУЮ ПРОДУКТИВНОСТЬ СВИНЕЙ

The aim of the research is improving pork of store pigs. During the scientific and economic experiment, four store pig groups of large white breed were marked during the feeding period. The influence of natural Volgograd bis-chofite and sunflower phosphatide concentrate both separately and mixed in diets was studied, on pork develop-ment from store pigs. The experimental store pig selection into groups was based on the method of pair-analogues. Animals of compared groups received complete feed: in the first period of feeding SK-6 and in the second period SK-7. Feeding results of experimental pigs of compared groups were evaluated by a number of indicators charac-terizing their meat qualities in total. The main indicators of pork are the hot carcass, slaughter weight and yield. It was found that the introduction to the complete feed natural bischofite and phosphatide concentrate individually, as components and in mixed complex, in comparison with the control, contributes accordingly slaughter live weight in store pigs fattening by 7.84 and 9.78 and 10.97%, their hot carcass – by 8.67, 10.37 and 11.92%, carcass exit – by 0.47-0.33 and 0.53% slaughter weight – by 8.97, 11.18 and 12.94% and slaughter yield – by 0.60, 0.80 and 1.10%. Protein content in the average sample of pork, when animals received test components was more, than in control one by 0.45, 0.25 and 0.63%. Store pigs, which used natural bischofite and phosphatide concentrate the absolute increase in live weight, was higher. Higher meat yield was received from fatted store pigs, with additional introduction to the main diet of natural Volgograd bischofite combined with sunflower phosphatide concentrate.

Hematological Parameters of Boars-Producers at Use of a Natural Mineral Additive in a Diet

The aim of the research was to study the morphological and biochemical indicators of the blood of boars-producers using in the diet of a natural mineral additive-bischofite of the Volgograd field. To conduct scientific and economic experience, four groups of boars-producers of 5 animals each were formed. In the experiment, boars-producers of the control group received the main diet, and I, II and III experimental groups – in addition to the main diet, respectively, 5, 8 and 11 ml per animal per day of natural bischofite. Against the background of scientific and economic experience, studies were carried out to study hematological parameters in experimental boars of comparable groups. The results of the research showed that the hematological parameters in the boars of the producers of the compared groups were within the physiological norm and characterized the normal activity of all organs and systems. Compared with animals of the control group, at the end of the main period, after testing the blood of the boars of the experimental groups, the number of erythrocytes was higher by 2.77-6.77%, hemoglobin - by 0.80-2.95%, and the total protein content in blood serum was higher by 0.87-1.57%, albumin by 2.44-6.50% . The boars of the experimental groups exceeded the albumin-globulin coefficient of the animals of the control group by 2.56-8.97%. The content of inorganic magnesium in the blood serum of the boars-producers of the experimental groups, compared with the control, was 0.14 more; 0.20 and 0.24 mmol / L. According to the results on the productive qualities of boars, the introduction of natural bischofite into the diets contributed to an increase in ejaculate volume by 5.0-7.81%; increased sperm cell concentration in 1 ml of sperm - by 2.79-5.12%, sperm activity - by 2.27-6.82%, in comparison with the control. The use of bischofite in the diet of boars, in comparison with the control, contributed to the economic effect due to the cost of additional sperm production - 14080.0 - 22848.0 rubles. At the same time, the best results in terms of hematological and productive indicators of boars-producers, economic efficiency were achieved when bischofite was included in the diet at a dose of 8 ml per boar per day.

Development of composition formulations, based on natural bischofite, to protect wood from fire

We have studied the chemical composition of natural bischofite extracted from well No. 1 at Zaturin deposit and revealed that the sufficient saturation of МgСl 2 allows its use as an environmentally-oriented base for composition formulations in order to protect wood from fire. Our experimental research has confirmed the efficiency of applying organic synthetic dyes (methyl orange, bromothymol blue) as coloring additives for the reported composition formulations. Technological features have been defined for using the pigment concentrates of trade marks «Amber» and «Sniezko», which form two-phase systems with a solution of natural bischofite. It has been proven that the proposed coloring additives ensure the stable wood coloration and saturated color of its surface. The efficiency of using coloring additives (bromothymol blue and methyl orange; the pigment concentrates of ТМ «Amber» and TM «Sniezko») for the developed composition formulations aimed at fire-protective treatment of wood has been confirmed under laboratory conditions. Our experimental study has established that flammability time of the timber treated with a composition formulation without coloring additives increases by 4 times compared to untreated wood. The fire-retardant mechanism of the developed composition formulations is predetermined by the successive processes of bischofite salt conversion under a temperature influence and by the addition of orthophosphoric acid, which is a strong fire retardant. Introducing the coloring additive (colorant) methyl orange to the composition formulation increases its flammability time by more than 4 times, compared to untreated wood. Thus, there is reason to argue that the developed composition formulations that contain coloring additives (colorants) are environmentally-oriented and economically feasible. At the same time, the results obtained resolve an integrated task, namely ensuring fire- and bio-protection, as well as visualizing the applied treatment of wood-based construction structures at residential buildings and non-residential facilities

Influence of Bischofite on sowing qualities of seeds in spring barley varieties

Spring barley is an important food, fodder and technical crop, the volume of cultivation of which is much less than the national needs for it. To date, intensive varieties of this valuable crop have been bred, which is demanding to soil fertility, which necessitates increased yields by improving the sowing quality of seeds. Modern chemical fertilizers can not provide stable plant productivity, which would ultimately increase the yield capacity of spring barley in unstable natural and climatic conditions. In addition, the use of preparations that do not threaten the environment and the quality of crops becomes relevant. One of them is bischofite, an aqueous solution of which is a natural stimulant that provides germinating power and sprouting energy of spring barley seeds. The laboratory studies on the example of three varieties of spring barley (Helios, Vakula, Parnassus) showed that soaking of the seeds in 0.1 and 1% concentration of aqueous solution of bischofite increases their germinating power and sprouting energy, which has a positive effect on the growth and development of barley, yield growth, fodder and food quality of grain. These researches allow the use of natural bischofite in agriculture in order to create the optimal conditions for growth and development of spring barley to obtain high and stable yields. Key words: bischofite, spring barley, germinating power, sprouting energy, sowing qualities.

Catalytic Ozonation of Sulfonamide, Fluoroquinolone, and Tetracycline Antibiotics Using Nano-Magnesium Hydroxide from Natural Bischofite

Huge amounts of natural bischofite (MgCl2∙6H2O) resulting from the mining process of salt lakes often cannot be utilized effectively and are discarded; techniques for reutilization of the discarded bischofite as magnesium resources are limited. The nano-magnesium hydroxide (nano-Mg(OH)2) synthesized from natural bischofite was firstly used as catalyst for ozonation of antibiotics including sulfathiazole (ST), ofloxacin (OFL), and tetracycline (TC). Rapid ozonation of ST, OFL, and TC was achieved using nano-Mg(OH)2 as catalyst. The removal rate constant of OFL in the catalytic ozonation treatment (kOFL = 0.512 min−1) was nearly 2.1 times higher than the single ozonation (kOFL = 0.249 min−1). The removal rate constant of ST and TC increased by 23.5% and 32.8% from 0.298 min−1 and 0.384 min−1 to 0.368 min−1 and 0.510 min−1, respectively, when the catalyst was added into the reaction system. The removal rate constant of ST sharply increased from 0.259 to 0.604 min−1 when the reaction temperature increased from 15 to 35 °C while those of OFL and TC changes slightly. The removal efficiency sharply decreased when the initial concentration of ST, OFL, and TC increased from 10 to 500 mg L−1. Both anions and cations could inhibit the removal of ST, OFL, and TC at relatively higher concentrations. The prepared nano-Mg(OH)2 catalyst could maintain its catalytic activity in the repeated use process. High removal efficiency of typical antibiotics and heavy metals free indicated that nano-Mg(OH)2 from natural bischofite is a promising ozonation catalyst in terms of antibiotics removal.

Perfection of nature protection technologies and means for dust suppression of mining and metallurgical production tailings surfaces

Perfection of technologies and means of mining and metallurgical plants tailings dumps surfaces dust suppression is directed at improving of ecological safety and solves important scientific, practical and social tasks. Analysis of existing technologies of tailing dumps dust formation surfaces fixing made. Main results of perfection of biological reclaiming technologies – complex of ameliorative, agricultural and technical measures for soil fertility and economic value restoration quoted. Results of industrial approbation of developed technology at PAO “Yuzhny GOK” (Ukraine) tailing dumps presented. It was proposed to make the biological reclaiming of used Krivbass tailing dumps of iron ore mining and concentration plants by sowing of broom kohia seeds. Sowing of it at chernozem in April–May for conditions of Ukraine central part will enable to prevent the tailings dust blowing-off in 4–5 months thanks to its intensive growing. In 3–4 years the reclaimed land can be returned back for economic utilization. Methods of ambrosia control considered. It was recommended the land covered by ambrosia to sprinkle by natural bischofite solution (NBS) using the consumption at least 0.08 l per 1 kg of ambrosia biomass. The NBS has the IV-th class of danger and used in medicine as a medical mean, can be used for ambrosia control at the territories of cities, resorts, near roads, round fields etc. The NBS density should be at least 1250 kg/m2. With lower density, the consumption of the solution should be increased. Ambrosia leaves fading after treatment by NBS during dry weather will take place in 3 days, their drying up – at least in 7 days. Ambrosia growing and extension after drying up will not happen. Cost of ambrosia treatment by NBS at average density of covering 5 kg/m2, having solution price 960 grivna/ton will not exceed 40 grivna per 100 m2. It was shown, that implementation of developed technologies, means and methods of dust formation control at existing and conserved tailing dumps will enable to decrease the level of air pollution by dust, to improve the personal working conditions and ecological situation in arears of mining and metallurgical plants wastes stocking.

Research of dust suppression measures on gravel roads

This article describes the problem of dust suppression measures on gravel roads. Calculations are given to describe the position and velocity of the particle at any moment. Measures for dust retention are considered by applying to the roadways of solutions based on chloride salts, as well as on bischofite. Comparison of the effectiveness of road dust retention between natural bischofite aqueous solution and solution of calcium chloride and water is examinated. The influence of bischofite consumption on the intensity of dust release from the road is provided

Magnesia formed on calcination of Mg(OH)2 prepared from natural bischofite

Abstract Calcination of magnesium hydroxide, which was prepared from natural bischofite MgCl2·6H2O, leading to dehydration 2( MgOH) → Mg O Mg + H2O, is accompanied by transition of phase not only to MgO but also to MgOx at x O bonds depend on heating conditions, as noticeable changes are observed in the XRD patterns and the IR spectra of the samples undergoing the mentioned transformation of phase Mg(OH)2 → MgOx → MgO.

Bilayer polymer composite materials with low combustibility

The results of a study of the combustibility and basic physicomechanical properties of bilayer leather-like polymer composite materials on a textile base modified with natural bischofite are reported. Polyetherurethanes based on diphenylmethane diisocyanate and polytetramethylene ether glycol, polyvinyl chloride plastisol, and natural rubber latex were used as the polymer coating for the composite materials; cotton cloth was used as the textile base.