Natural Biosorbent Research Articles

Luminescent and self-healing hybrid ionotropic hydrogel beads of ammonium metavanadate and chitosan: promising biomaterial as an antimicrobial agent, efficient dye adsorbent and ascorbic acid sensor.

Biopolymers have received widespread attention due to their beneficial characteristics, such as like easy processing, biodegradability and biocompatibility. Concurrently, inorganic polyoxometalates (POMs), a class of metal-oxygen anionic and nanosized clusters of early transition metals, have a wide range of attractive functions and are used in biomedical and industrial fields. In this communication, we report a simple approach to create ammonium metavanadate (AMV)-biopolymer composite hydrogel beads that combine the advantages of biopolymers and POM clusters. Crosslinking was achieved through electrostatic interactions between cationic chitosan, chitosan/gelatin, chitosan/methylcellulose and AMV (NH4VO3). The as-prepared hydrogel beads were yellow in colour and exhibited a high mechanical strength. They were characterized using FT-IR spectroscopy and SEM, to confirm hydrogel formation and evaluate their surface morphology. It was demonstrated that the fabricated hydrogel blend possessed tuneable physicochemical properties, good swelling behaviour (with a maximum swelling of 432%), excellent luminescence and adsorption, and remarkable biomedical properties. Batch adsorption experiments demonstrated that the beads had an equilibrium adsorption capacity of 539 mg g-1 for the removal of Congo red dye from aqueous solutions, which was more efficient than the most reported natural biosorbents. Due to their luminescence properties these hydrogel beads showed excellent selective sensing behaviour toward ascorbic acid with a LOD of 1.06 μM. The hydrogels were also assessed for their antibacterial activity, and were tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus anginosus, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The cytotoxicity results showed that the embedded POMs exhibited dose-dependent cytotoxicity against the embryonic kidney cell line (HEK).

Removal of fluoride from water by natural biosorbents and evaluation of microstructure and functional groups in removal process

Removal of fluoride from water by natural biosorbents and evaluation of microstructure and functional groups in removal process

Uso de biosorbente de coco verde para la eliminación de Hierro y Manganeso en agua de pozo

The presence of iron and manganese ions in the well water end up generating problems in the water quality that compromise its domestic and industrial use. To avoid this, it is common to use expensive technologies that end up not being as efficient as they should be. This study presents an alternative mean by using natural biosorbent materials that, in addition to presenting a great efficiency in the removal of ions from their high levels of organic matter, such as cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, also have a high adsorption capacity due to the presence of functional groups in their structure. The research focuses on the efficiency of green coconut shells in the removal of iron and manganese metal ions present in well water collected at the Polo de Inovação do IFF. For this, analyses were performed to determine the concentration of these metals by the Atomic Absorption Method in the input samples and in the samples after the passage through the filter containing the biosorbent. The concentration in the retention of iron and manganese ions was high, 87.85% and 66.81% respectively, for the 2.0 mm granulometry of the biosorbent material.

Effective removal of fluoride ions from aqueous solution by marine microalgae as natural biosorbent

In this study, the phytoremediation technology from marine source Dunaliella salina was chosen to eliminate fluoride ions from aqueous solution by Adsorption isotherm, Kinetics and RSM optimization methods. Marine microalgae were collected, identified and mass cultured then its physical characteristics, functional groups and surface microstructure was examined by FT-IR, NMR, XRD and SEM analysis also the same was performed on post treated bioadsorbent. Fluoride removal was optimized by different conditions through response surface methodology and kinetics modelling also performed. Several active functional groups were noticed in IR spectra and NMR of pre and post treated microalgal biosorbent. Many micropores, crystalline structure, voids were observed in pre-treated and lesser in post treated bioadsorbent, removal process was optimized by temperature, pH, dose and time and its showed high influence of removal process. The fluoride removal process was optimized by response surface methodology, Langmuir Isotherm, Freundlich Isotherm, Temkin isotherm, Pseudo I order, Pseudo II order and Intra particle diffusion and revealed that the F ions removal mechanism clearly. Microalgae are novel, low-cost and effective bio based innovative methods which are sustainable for the bioremediation of fluoride from water bodies and industrial wastewaters.

A novel biosorbent functionalized pillar[5]arene: Synthesis, characterization and effective biosorption of Cr(VI)

Among toxic chemicals, hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) is one of the most carcinogenic and toxic pollutants that hostiles to the health of both humans and other living things. Therefore, the removal of Cr(VI) is of great importance to keep our environment clean and tidy. In this study, an easy-make, inexpensive, and natural biosorbent material (Sp-P[5]) was prepared to preserve our environment using a pillar[5]arene based-on sporopollenin microcapsule. The prepared biosorbent was successfully characterized by some techniques such as FTIR, XRD, and SEM. The biosorbent, Sp-P[5], exhibited an open mesoporous structure richly decorated with multi-amine-containing moieties resulting in enhanced Cr(VI) sorption. The sorption behavior of Cr(VI) ions is satisfactorily adapted from the sorption kinetics pseudo-second-order law and the isotherm models to the Langmuir model at different temperatures. The Langmuir model fits at different temperatures (298–328 K) and the maximum sorption capacities of the Cr(VI) ion ranged from 106.38 to 117.26 mg/g. The thermodynamic calculations reveal that the sorption of Cr(VI) ions on the Sp-P[5] is entropy-driven, endothermic, and spontaneous. The prepared biosorbent was also applied to the natural wastewater samples and different ions (chromate and dichromate). The sorption and desorption experiments showed that the sorption efficiency for Cr(VI) ions of the Sp-P[5] decreased to 70.88 % after 8 cycles. As result, the synthesized biosorbent, Sp-P[5], has outstanding potential in the removal of Cr(VI) ions from water bodies and natural wastewater systems.

Adsorption of Remazol Brilliant Violet-5R from Aqueous Solution Using Sugarcane Bagasse as Biosorbent: Kinetic and Thermodynamic Studies

Sugarcane bagasse is an inexpensive and eco-friendly natural biosorbent for the removal of various organic pollutants. The adsorption of Remazol Brilliant Violet-5R (RBV-5R) dye on sugarcane bagasse (SCB) was studied. Biosorbent was characterized using EDX and FTIR. The effect of various experimental parameters, such as pH, biosorbent dosage, initial dye concentration, contact time, adsorption with shaking and without shaking, and the temperature, was optimized. At pH 6, maximum biosorption of 92.22% was achieved using 0.15 g of SCB. The equilibrium was attained within 30–40 min for the removal of RBV-5R. The initial dye concentration of 10 µg/mL was determined as an optimum concentration for maximum removal of RBV-5R at 30 °C. Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms were applied, and it was found that the biosorption of RBV-5R follows Freundlich adsorption isotherms. Kinetic studies were also carried out and it was found that the proposed method followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model (R2 = 0.98). From desorption study, it was found that maximum desorption in the increasing order was obtained using ethanol, methanol, and 0.2 M sodium hydroxide (NaOH). The biosorption study was applied to actual textile waste effluent to pave way for the practical usage of this technology on a larger scale and the results were found effective.

Local fruit peel biosorbents for lead(II) and cadmium(II) ion removal from waste aqueous solution: A kinetic and equilibrium study

Heavy metals are serious causes of water pollution affecting both living organisms and human life. This research focuses on the removal of Pb(II) and Cd(II) ions from waste aqueous solution through adsorption process using natural biosorbents chemically modified from three local fruit peels comprising dragon fruit peel (DFP), rambutan peel (RP), and passion fruit peel (PFP). Their surface morphologies and functional groups were consecutively determined using scanning electron microscope and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. Concentrations of the adsorbed metal ions were quantified using atomic absorption spectrometer. Adsorption experiments were carried out with varying adsorbent dosages, pH values, contact time, and initial lead(II) and cadmium(II) concentrations. An adsorbent dosage of 0.25 g, a pH of 4, a contact time of 180 min, and an initial concentration of 100 mg/L were found to be the optimal set of conditions for biosorption of Pb(II) and Cd(II) ions. The chemically modified groups showed the highest percentages of Pb(II) and Cd(II) removal at 97.867% and 97.100% for RP, respectively. The adsorption proceeded according to the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The adsorption data were consistent with the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models, but the Langmuir model provided the best fit. The Langmuir monolayer adsorption capacity values of biosorbents were determined to be 97.087 mg(Pb2+)/g, 114.943 mg(Pb2+)/g, 103.093 mg(Pb2+)/g, and 86.207 mg(Cd2+)/g, 102.041 mg(Cd2+)/g, 89.286 mg(Cd2+)/g for DFP, RP, and PFP, respectively. The results indicate that these biosorbents could be able to efficiently remove Pb(II) and Cd(II) and serve as economic and promising adsorbents for heavy metal removal from contaminated wastewater.

Adsorptive removal of dye from textile wastewater employing Moringa oleifera leaves biochar as a natural biosorbent

Adsorptive removal of dye from textile wastewater employing Moringa oleifera leaves biochar as a natural biosorbent

Removal of Heavy Metal Copper (Cu) Ions from Wastewaters Using Various Bio-adsorbents

Biosorbent derived from agricultural waste as one of the widely used adsorbents has many applications in the environment to remove pollutants, one of which is heavy metal copper (Cu). In this paper, natural sources of agricultural waste materials have been reviewed and have potential as biosorbents for the absorption of heavy metal copper (Cu). The characteristics of the biosorbent that can be used for the absorption of heavy metal copper (Cu) depend on the surface area and pore structure made by the modified method. The biosorbent modification method depends on the precursor and the expected biosorbent characteristics. Natural biosorbents can be converted into modified biosorbents by chemical, physical, or physico-chemical modifications. Therefore, this paper aims to provide information about the absorption of adsorbents from agricultural wastes that have been reported for the absorption of heavy metal copper (Cu) in wastewater

Removal of Eosin dye from simulated media onto lemon peel-based low cost biosorbent

Synthetic dyes from different sources (wastewater and effluents) can be harmful to the environment even at minor quantity. Low cost natural biosorbent have been proved beneficial for water treatment and have excellent capability for the elimination of certain dyes from aqueous media. The present study purposed to utilize lemon peel as a natural sorbent for eosin dye in an aqueous media. The biosorbent were analyzed utilizing fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) and surface area analyzer (BET). The batch adsorption approach was carried out to optimize the basic parameters affecting the sorption phenomena. Anionic dye, eosin, was removed by adsorption utilizing lemon peel, as an biosorbent and such adsorption are affected by different physical factors i.e adsorbent dose, contact time, temperature etc. Freundlich and Langmuir's adsorption isotherm models are used to verify the results. The monolayer adsorption capacity was 8.240 mg/g at 30 °C that is calculated from Langmuir isotherm. The adsorption process is exothermic, shown by calculations thermodynamic parameters. Kinetics studies have represented that the adsorption process could be better explained by pseudo-second-order kinetics. All the parameters of biosorbent were compared with each other and proved that lemon peel, which is readily available, economic biosorbent, for the removal of eosin dye from the aqueous media.

ADSORPTION OF LEAD FROM CONTAMINATED WATER USING BIOSORBENT

For the past few years, environmental degradation caused by the discharge of heavy metals and organic contaminants has been a major source of worry. Using a natural adsorbent to tackle wastewater problems has recently been viewed as an environmentally friendly move that promotes sustainable development. Heavy metals have indeed been reduced in aqueous solutions using a variety of methods, include adsorption to the surfaces of agricultural residues. Lead is among the most toxic and common heavy metals found in industrial wastewater. In this research, adsorbents selected are moringa leaves, rice husk and coconut fibers, which are very low-cost materials, employed for the lead exclusion from industrial wastes. Thus, our study aims to investigate the ability of natural bio-sorbents to remove very toxic Pb2+ ions from aqueous solutions. Contact time, concentration, adsorbent-based dosage and pH were all evaluated as important factors in the adsorption mechanism. The adsorption efficiency was discovered to be pH dependent, rising as the solution pH was increased in the ranges of 2.5 to 6.5. After 120 min, the equilibrium state was reached, and the optimum removal rate was obtained with a 1.5 g adsorbent loaded weight. The adsorption equilibrium capability of the lead-adsorbing materials was evaluated and estimated utilizing linear Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms, with the experimental results fitting the Freundlich isotherm models.

Utilization of pineapple (ananas comosus l) leaves plant waste as a natural biosorbent

The adsorption process is more suitable because the costs required are not too expensive and will not cause new contaminants. Currently, research is being promoted on the use of alternative adsorbents derived from nature. Natural adsorbents in addition to having good adsorption ability, are also more economical. Natural biosorbent from pineapple leaves (Ananas comosus L) which had previously been carried out with carbonation, biosorbent activation, and biosorbent characterization using XRD and BET instruments, respectively. The results of the XRD analysis characterization obtained the diffraction pattern of pineapple leaves carbon, there are several sharp peaks, which are very clear at a diffraction angle of 2θ between 25 to 65 degrees, with a crystallinity degree of 32% and pineapple leaves activated carbon, increased the number of degrees of crystallinity at a diffraction angle of 2θ between 20 to 65 degrees, with a degree of crystallinity of 42.26%. The results of the XRD analysis characterization showed that pineapple leaves biosorbent and pineapple leaves activated carbon had amorphous material structure. This material is composed of atoms that are arranged irregularly and randomly scattered. The results of the BET analysis characterization obtained that each graph meets the classification of type I, type II, and type V adsorption isotherms, it means that these carbons have the same type, namely micropores (< 2nm). The surface area according to BET data on pineapple leaves carbon was 70,418 m2/g and carbon activated had an outer surface area of 39,394 m2/g. Likewise with the results of BJH data, where the surface area of pineapple leaves carbon is 44,775 m2/g higher than carbon activated is 25,685 m2/g.

Natural bio functional lipids containing solid self-microemulsifying drug delivery system of Canagliflozin for synergistic prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is one of the prevalent metabolic disorders and is the leading cause of death across the globe. In the present invention, we reported significant synergistic anti-diabetic efficacy of novel SGLT II inhibitor, Canagliflozin (CFZ) with natural phytoconstituent, Trigonelline (TGL) in fenugreek oil using a self-microemulsifying based formulation. The optimized liquid SMEDD formulation (NADF) containing fenugreek oil (18.11% w/w), vitamin E TPGS (53.40% w/w) and linalool (10.12% w/w) were optimized by Design of Experiments and produces nanoparticulate stable microemulsion in vitro. Conversion to solid SMEDDS (NADF-SD) was facilitated by adsorption onto natural biosorbent coffee husk. The optimized solid formulation containing CFZ was in amorphous state with enhanced surface area, negligible chemical incompatibility and uniform drug content. Scanning electron microscopy validated the powdered SMEDDS′ spherical form. The release behavior of CFZ in NADF-SD in diverse biorelevant environments is enhanced by in vitro dissolution. Furthermore, neither pure CFZ nor the marketed product had any food impact. The permeability of the jejunum intestinal segment in rats was remarkable, as validated by confocal microscopy. In comparison to a pure drug and a commercial product, these trials show a 3.99 and 2.56 fold increase in Cmax and a 2.23 and 1.56 fold increase in AUC0-24h, respectively. Through biochemical levels, urine glucose excretion investigations, and SGLT II expression in rats, pharmacodynamic examination of improved NADF-SD demonstrates enhanced anti-diabetic effectiveness of CFZ. In a nutshell, this natural lipid-based micro particulate system is well-suited for this drug's anti-diabetic activity and synergy with CFZ.

Effective removal of lead (Pb) by natural biosorbent marine microalgae (Dunaliella salina) through batch experiment

Effective removal of lead (Pb) by natural biosorbent marine microalgae (Dunaliella salina) through batch experiment

Investigation of Seeds and Peels of Citrullus colocynthis as Efficient Natural Adsorbent for Methylene Blue Dye

Natural adsorbents as low-cost materials have been proved efficient for water remediation and have significant capacity for the removal of certain chemicals from wastewater. The present investigation aimed to use Citrullus colocynthis seeds (CCSs) and peels (CCPs) as an efficient natural adsorbent for methylene blue (MB) dye in an aqueous solution. The examined biosorbents were characterized using surface area analyzer (BET), scanning electron microscope (SEM), thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) and Fourier transform infra-red (FT-IR) spectroscopy. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted to optimize the main factors influencing the biosorption process. The equilibrium data for the adsorption of MB by CCSs were best described by the Langmuir isotherm followed by the Freundlich adsorption isotherms, while the equilibrium data for MB adsorption by CCPs were well fitted by the Langmuir isotherm followed by the Temkin isotherm. Under optimum conditions, the maximum biosorption capacity and removal efficiency were 18.832 mg g−1 and 98.00% for MB-CCSs and 4.480 mg g−1 and 91.43% for MB-CCPs. Kinetic studies revealed that MB adsorption onto CCSs obeys pseudo-first order kinetic model (K1 = 0.0274 min−1), while MB adsorption onto CCPs follows the pseudo-second order kinetic model (K2 = 0.0177 g mg−1 min−1). Thermodynamic studies revealed that the MB biosorption by CCSs was endothermic and a spontaneous process in nature associated with a rise in randomness, but the MB adsorption by CCPs was exothermic and a spontaneous process only at room temperature with a decline in disorder. Based on the obtained results, CCSs and CCPSs can be utilized as efficient, natural biosorbents, and CCSs is promising since it showed the highest removal percentage and adsorption capacity of MB dye.

Cost effective separation of uranium ion using exhausted household products and natural bio-sorbent

Cost effective separation of uranium ion using exhausted household products and natural bio-sorbent

Efficiency of extremophilic microbial mats for removing Pb(II), Cu(II), and Ni(II) ions from aqueous solutions.

Two different extremophilic films were used as natural biosorbents to remove Cu(II), Ni(II), and Pb(II) from aqueous solutions. Surface area, scanning electron microscopy imaging, and Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy were used to characterize the surfaces of the biosorbents. The results indicated high affinity of the biosorbents to remove Pb(II), Cu(II), and Ni(II), with adsorption rates ranging from 73.6 to 100% for both biosorbents. The biosorbents succeed in removing the metal ions from aqueous mixtures in the following order: Pb(II) > Cu(II) > Ni(II). The maximum removal rates of metal ions were achieved at pH 6, contact time of 150 min, biosorbent dose of 2.5 g/L, and metal ion concentration of 50 mg/L. The isothermal studies showed that both Langmuir and Freundlich models well expressed the adsorption process. Kinetically, the pseudo-second-order reaction better expressed the type of reaction than the pseudo-first-order reaction.

Studies of the potential of a native natural biosorbent for the elimination of an anionic textile dye Cibacron Blue in aqueous solution

This work is devoted to the adsorption of Cibacron Blue (CB) an anionic textile dye, on bean peel (BP) an agricultural waste with neither activation nor carbonization. The adsorption was realized in batch configuration at ambient temperature in acidic medium. The adsorbent was characterized by FTIR, SEM and BET analyses; the equilibrium isotherms and kinetics were also studied. It has been found that this waste could be used as a low-cost biosorbent for CB elimination under optimal working conditions. The rate of CB elimination reaches 95% on bean bark (3.6 g/L) at pH 2.2 and a reject concentration of 25 mg/L. The pseudo-second-order describes suitably the experimental data and the external diffusion is the rate-determining step. The Freundlich isotherm fits better the CB adsorption with a correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.94 and an RMSE = 1.5115. The negative enthalpy (ΔH) and free enthalpy (ΔG°) indicate a physical and spontaneous nature of the CB biosorption onto the biomaterial.

Removal of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solutions by Using Nance (Byrsonima crassifolia) Seeds and Peels as Natural Biosorbents

Contamination of effluents with chemicals is a serious problem that impacts human health. Methylene blue is a cationic dye found frequently in industrial and urban sewages. In this work, dried grinded seeds and peels of nance were used as biosorbents in aqueous solutions at pH 7 and 10 (simulating urban and textile effluents) finding that Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms adequately described the sorption. Adsorption efficiencies were larger than 98% in all cases and slightly lower at pH 7 due to the closeness with the point of zero charge (pzc) of seeds and peels of nance (5.96 and 3.42, respectively). In all cases, Langmuir adsorption was favorable (RLa &lt; 1), and Gibbs free energy of adsorption was negative indicating spontaneity, and since these values were larger than −80 but lower than 0 kJ/mol, the MB removal process was mainly due to physical interactions, a characteristic of physical adsorption. No significant differences were found amongst bulk mass transfer coefficients for the adsorption of both sorbents, indicating that both bioadsorbents had the same hydrodynamic and driving forces as well as depicted similar MB-adsorbent affinities. Interaction of MB with adsorbents was corroborated by FTIR spectroscopy, and the sorption was evidenced by scanning electron microscopy and image analysis which indicated that both adsorbents had fractal structures.

Potential role of Spirulina (Arthrospira) platensis biomass for removal of TiO2NPs -MG hybrid nanocomposite produced after wastewater treatment by TiO2 nanoparticles.

Biosynthesis of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2NPs) by Sphingomonas paucimobilis B34 bacteria was successfully achieved and followed by UV-Vis spectroscopy. The nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) techniques. The biosynthesized TiO2NPs were spherical in shape with an average particle size of 15.6 nm. These TiO2NPs were used as nono-catalyst for removing of malachite green (MG) dye (at 103 mol/L) from wastewater solution. As indicated by the results, the biosynthesized TiO2NPs represented a capable approach for MG removal with up to 83 % efficiency. The removal process was found to follow a pseudo-first-order kinetics. Furthermore, the developed TiO2NPs-MG hybrid nanocomposite was efficiently removed from the medium by using Spirulina platensis cyanobacterial biomass after wastewater treatment. S. platensis biomass was able to remove up to 89.43 % of the hybrid nanocomposite by a biosorption process. The resultant water effluent, after TiO2NPs-MG removal, showed no toxicity towards Vigna radiate L. seedlings implying its safety for agriculture purposes. According to the obtained results, S. platensis living biomass could play a dual re-cycling role, as natural biosorbent for removing both nanoparticles and dye (TiO2NPs-MG hybrid nano-composite) from solution after wastewater treatment for healthier environmental management.