The purpose of the work. To develop forensic criteria for differentiation of hemorrhages of traumatic and non-traumatic genesis by digital polarization microscopy of histological sections of a substance of the human brain (SHB).Material and methods. Native histologic preparations of SHB from 30 corpses with ischemic stroke (group 1), 35 corpses with hemorrhages of traumatic genesis (group 2), 35 corpses with hemorrhages in SHB of non-traumatic genesis (group 3), and 30 corpses with cause of the death acute heart failure (4 group- control). The method of investigation is digital polarimetry (coordinate distributions of values of orientation parameter (OP) of microscopic images of histological sections of the brain were determined).Results. The results of investigations of the coordinate and statistical structure of OP magnitude maps at the points of digital microscopic images of HBS histologic sections of the dead of all groups revealed the coordinate-inhomogeneous structure of all OP magnitude distributions and sufficient statistical similarity of OP maps. histograms of the magnitude distributions of OP microscopic images of histological sections of the brain of dead from all groups are close in structure, which can be associated with a multiple scattering of light in the volume of even geometrically thin histological sections of HBS. Due to this, the light is depolarized and the manifestations of the optical activity of the protein structures are averaged to close OP values within all groups, regardless of the cause of death.Conclusion. The analysis of the obtained data revealed that for each of the statistical parameters (statistical moments of the 1st-4th orders), which characterize the maps of OP microscopic images of histological sections of the brain of the dead from all groups, the sensitivity, specificity and balanced accuracy are lower by 15% - 25% from a satisfactory level of differential diagnosis - 80% - 85%.