Native Calf Research Articles

Surgical Correction of Bilateral Gastrocnemius Muscle Rupture and Its Prognosis in a Korean Native Calf

Surgical Correction of Bilateral Gastrocnemius Muscle Rupture and Its Prognosis in a Korean Native Calf

Novel P,C-orthopalladated complexes containing histidine and phenylalanine amino acids: synthesis, DNA and BSA interactions, in vitro antitumoral activity and molecular docking approach

Novel [Pd(o-CH2C6H4P(o-tolyl)2)(histidine)] (1) and [Pd(o-CH2C6H4P(o tolyl)2)(phenylalanine)] (2) P,C-orthopalladated complexes have been prepared and characterized by elemental analysis, IR and NMR spectroscopy. To study the stability of the compounds in biological media, the complexes were incubated in Tris buffer during 10 days. The absorbance of the compounds remained constant, which confirmed the stability of the complexes in biological media. UV-Vis absorption spectrophotometry, fluorescence spectroscopy and viscosity studies were used to investigate the binding of the complexes with native calf thymus DNA (CT-DNA). These methods along with competitive binding of methylene blue (MB) DNA show that the complexes interact with DNA via groove mode. The UV-Vis absorption spectrophotometry of BSA with complexes has shown an α-helix perturbation induced by a particular interaction between the metal complexes and BSA. In addition, the fluorescence quenching mechanism of BSA with the complexes is a static process, according to the fluorescence spectrometry of bovine serum albumin (BSA). The experimental results of site competitive replacement with specific site markers are clear indications that the complexes bind to site I of BSA. Furthermore, both complexes showed significant selective cytotoxic activity against melanoma B16F0 and colon carcinoma C26 cancer cells as well as normal fibroblast NIH cell line. Ultimately, the binding of Pd(II) complexes to DNA and BSA was verified by molecular docking experiment. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma

Prevalence of Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) in different affected regions of Bangladesh and its economic losses

The study was conducted in 13 upazilas from 850 Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) affected households of four regions of Bangladesh during the period of July 2017 to June 2018. In all there were 4857 crossbred cattle and 2138 native cattle in the affected households. The crossbred and native cattle were grouped into three categories such as adult female, adult male and calf. The morbidity and mortality rates in crossbred cattle were 55.43%, and 5.15%, respectively and that rates in native cattle were 77.83% and 12.39%, respectively. Morbidity and mortality were found significantly higher in native cattle than in crossbred. Mortality of native calf was higher (21.27%) than in crossbred calf (9.50%). Seasonal influence of FMD was observed significantly higher in January- February (44.12%) and March-April (21.76%). There were a total of 248 pregnant cows infected in which abortion was reported in 26 (10.48%) cows. Besides this some clinical signs reported were lameness, mastitis and repeat breeding with incidences of 21, 12 and 43 cases, respectively. It was reported that 65.78% crossbred and 16.93% native cattle were vaccinated. Of the vaccinated crossbred cattle 78.37% were vaccinated by Department of Livestock Services (DLS) produced vaccine and 21.63% by imported vaccines. Vaccination cost per crossbred cattle by DLS vaccine was Tk. 49.49 and by imported vaccine Tk. 249. Disposal of dead cattle practices were left in open field, dropped into water, and buried were 17.63%, 52.87%, and 11.29%, respectively. Extrapolating the financial losses on 25.7 million cattle the annual financial losses due to FMD would be Tk. 188569.6 million (US$ 2220.82 million).
 Bang. J. Livs. Res. Vol. 26 (1&2), 2019: P. 21-33

Multi-spectroscopic and molecular docking studies on the interaction of neotame with calf thymus DNA

In this paper, we have studied the in vitro binding of neotame (NTM), an artificial sweetener, with native calf thymus DNA using different methods including spectrophotometric, spectrofluorometric, competition experiment, circular dichroism (CD), and viscosimetric techniques. From the spectrophotometric studies, the binding constant (Kb) of NTM-DNA was calculated to be 2 × 103 M−1. The quenching of the intrinsic fluorescence of NTM in the presence of DNA at different temperatures was also used to calculate binding constants (Kb) as well as corresponding number of binding sites (n). Moreover, the obtained results indicated that the quenching mechanism involves static quenching. By comparing the competitive fluorimetric studies with Hoechst 33258, as a known groove probe, and methylene blue, as a known intercalation probe, and iodide quenching experiments it was revealed that NTM strongly binds in the grooves of the DNA helix, which was further confirmed by CD and viscosimetric studies. In addition, a molecular docking method was employed to further investigate the binding interactions between NTM and DNA, and confirm the obtained results.

Synthesis and characterization of planar chiral cyclopalladated ferrocenylimines: DNA/HSA interactions and in vitro cytotoxic activity

A series of planar chiral cyclopalladated ferrocene compounds were synthesized and characterized. The absolute configurations of three compounds were determined by single-crystal X-ray analysis. The binding of the compounds with Native Calf Thymus DNA (CT-DNA) was monitored using UV-visible absorption spectrophotometry, fluorescence spectroscopy and circular dichroism (CD) studies. The results indicate that these compounds can interact with DNA via intercalation mode. In addition, the HSA interactions of these compounds were investigated using UV-visible absorption spectrophotometry and fluorescence spectroscopy. The results of fluorescence spectroscopy show that the fluorescence quenching mechanism of HSA is a static process. The cytotoxic activities of the synthesized compounds and cisplatin exhibited different inhibition potencies on the viability of MCF-7, HCT-116, MDA-MB-231 and Hela cancer cell lines. Compound (Rp, S) - 6 was 17-fold more potent than cisplatin in breast cancer cells.

Heteroleptic Copper(I) Complexes of \u201cScorpionate\u201d Bis-pyrazolyl Carboxylate Ligand with Auxiliary Phosphine as Potential Anticancer Agents: An Insight into Cytotoxic Mode

New copper(I) complexes [CuCl(PPh3)(L)] (1: L = LA = 4-carboxyphenyl)bis(3,5-dimethylpyrazolyl)methane; (2: L = LB = 3-carboxyphenyl)bis(3,5-dimethylpyrazolyl)methane) were prepared and characterised by elemental analysis and various spectroscopic techniques such as FT-IR, NMR, UV–Vis, and ESI-MS. The molecular structures of complexes 1 and 2 were analyzed by theoretical B3LYP/DFT method. Furthermore, in vitro DNA binding studies were carried out to check the ability of complexes 1 and 2 to interact with native calf thymus DNA (CT-DNA) using absorption titration, fluorescence quenching and circular dichroism, which is indicative of more avid binding of the complex 1. Moreover, DNA mobility assay was also conducted to study the concentration-dependent cleavage pattern of pBR322 DNA by complex 1, and the role of ROS species to have a mechanistic insight on the cleavage pattern, which ascertained substantial roles by both hydrolytic and oxidative pathways. Additionally, we analyzed the potential of the interaction of complex 1 with DNA and enzyme (Topo I and II) with the aid of molecular modeling. Furthermore, cytotoxic activity of complex 1 was tested against HepG2 cancer cell lines. Thus, the potential of the complex 1 is promising though further in vivo investigations may be required before subjecting it to clinical trials.

Synthesis, characterization and biological activities of two novel orthopalladated complexes: Interactions with DNA and bovine serum albumin, antitumour activity and molecular docking studies

[Pd(L1)(C,N)]CF3SO3 and [Pd(L2)(C,N)]CF3SO3 (L1 = 2,2′‐bipyridine, L2 = 1,10‐phenanthroline and C,N = benzylamine) novel orthopalladated complexes have been synthesized and characterized using various techniques. The binding of the complexes with native calf thymus DNA (CT‐DNA) was monitored using UV–visible absorption spectrophotometry, fluorescence spectroscopy and thermal denaturation studies. Our results indicate that these complexes can strongly bind to CT‐DNA via partial intercalative mode. In addition, fluorescence spectrometry of bovine serum albumin (BSA) with the complexes shows that the fluorescence quenching mechanism of BSA is a static process. The results of site‐competitive replacement experiments with specific site markers clearly indicate that the complexes bind to site I of BSA. Notably, the complexes exhibit significant in vitro cytotoxicity against two human cancer cell lines (Jurkat and MCF‐7) with IC50 values varying from 37 to 53 μM. Finally, a molecular docking experiment effectively proves the binding of the Pd(II) complexes to DNA and BSA.

Complexes of Co (II) and Cu (II) with nonsteroidal anticancer drug Letrozole and their interaction with DNA and BSA by spectroscopic methods and cytotoxic activity

DNA and BSA binding properties of mononuclear Co (II) and Cu (II) complexes containing letrozole [M(Le)4Cl2]·(H2O)](Le=[4,4-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethylene)bisbenzonitrile] have been investigated under physiological conditions. The interaction ability of the two complexes with native calf thymus DNA(CT-DNA) has been monitored as a function of the metal complex-DNA molar ratio by UV–Vis absorption spectrophotometry, fluorescence spectroscopy, circular dichroism(CD) and thermal denaturation studies. The intrinsic binding constants, Kb, of complexes 1 and 2 with CT-DNA, obtained from UV–Vis absorption studies, were 3.15 ± 0.02 × 104 and 4.37 ± 0.02 × 104 M−1, respectively. The addition of the complexes to CT-DNA (1:2) leads to an increase in the melting temperature of DNA up to around 4 °C, which has revealed that complexes could interact with DNA through intercalation mode. Fluorimetric studies have been performed using methylene blue (MB) as a fluorescence probe and competitive studies have shown the ability of the complexes to displace the DNA-bound MB, suggesting competition with MB. To explore the potential biological value of the complexes, the binding interaction between Co (II) and Cu (II) complexes and bovine serum albumin (BSA) has also been studied by fluorescence spectroscopy. The results indicate that the reaction between the complexes and BSA is a static quenching procedure. The site marker displacement experiment has suggested the location of the complexes binding to BSA at Sudlow’s site I in subdomain IIA. Finally, MTT assay studies have shown that the bioactive complexes exert significantly high selective dose-dependent cytotoxicity against a panel of cancer cell lines including MCF-7, JURKAT, SKOV3 and U87.

Investigation on the Binding Mode of 3, 4-Dihydropyrano[c]Chromene Derivative with Double Strand DNA.

The study on the interaction between small molecules and DNA has been very useful for investigating the structure and physical properties of DNA, elucidating the damage mechanism of DNA and significant in the design of new drugs targeted to DNA. This article describes an interaction of native calf thymus DNA (ctDNA) with a new 3, 4-dihydropyrano[c]chromene derivative, 2-amino-4-(4- chlorophenyl)-5-oxo-4H, 5H-pyrano-[3, 2-c] chromene-3-carbonitrile (4-CC) by using spectroscopic and viscometric techniques. The interaction between 4-CC and ctDNA is realized from the UV absorption spectrophotometry, viscosimetry, circular dichroism and fluorescence spectroscopic techniques which shows that the successive interaction of 4-CC with ctDNA occurs. The experimental results revealed that 4-CC can interact with DNA through non- intercalative mode and the intrinsic binding constant (Kb) for 4-CC with DNA was estimated to 2.37 (±0.001) ×103 M-1. Methylene blue (MB) displacement studies revealed that 4-CC did not have any effect on MB bound DNA which is indicative of groove binding mode. Furthermore, 4-CC induces detectable changes in the CD spectrum of ctDNA as well as changes in its viscosity study corroborate the above experimental results. These results further advance our knowledge on the molecular aspects on the interaction of 4-CC to nucleic acids.

Thermodynamics of interaction and structure of DNA complexes with phenacylimidazo[5,1-a]isoquinoline derivatives

Interaction of native calf thymus DNA (ctDNA) with phenacylimidazo[5,1- a]isoquinoline derivatives was studied by the methods of spectrophotometry, viscometry, isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) and dynamic birefringence. It was found that both of investigated compounds form complexes with the DNA molecule, the structure of compounds affects the mode of binding these ligands to DNA. The primary binding mode can not be described by the classical models of groove binding or intercalation. It has been suggested that the primary mode of binding is "partial intercalation".

Spectral, electrochemical, and molecular docking evaluation of the interaction of the anti-hyperthyroid drug methimazole with DNA

The interaction of native calf thymus DNA with the anti-hyperthyroid drug methimazole was investigated by different spectroscopic (UV-Vis spectrophotometry, spectroflourimetry, and circular dichroism), electrochemical (cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry) methods, and molecular docking calculations. The binding constant (Kb) obtained from the spectrophotometric method was 9.67 × 103 L mol−1, comparable with that of groove binding molecules. The binding mode was further investigated by following the competition between Hoechst 33258 and methimazole for DNA grooves by spectrofluorimetry. Consistent results were obtained from all experimental methods used in this study. Finally, theoretical calculations using the molecular docking method confirmed the experimental results.

Synthesis, spectroscopic studies of novel N-substituted phthalimides and evaluation of their antibacterial, antioxidant, DNA binding and molecular docking studies

<p class="Abstract">A new series of N-substituted phthalimide derivatives were prepared by condensation of appropriate amount of n-amino tetrachlorophthalimide with respective aldehyde in glacial acetic acid. The structural investigation of the synthesized compounds was done by spectroscopic methods (UV-Vis., IR, <sup>1</sup>H and <sup>13</sup>C NMR) and elemental analysis. The antibacterial screening of these compounds was performed against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus mutans. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for their antioxidant potential using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) as a scavenging agent. The interaction ability of most promising compounds (3a and 3b) with native calf thymus DNA (Ct-DNA) was also studied by means of UV-Vis., circular dichroism (CD), viscosity measurements and thermal studies. The intrinsic binding constants (K<sub>b</sub>) of 3a and 3b with Ct-DNA obtained from UV-Vis. absorption studies were 8 × 10<sup>4</sup> and 1 × 10<sup>5</sup>, respectively. Molecular docking of target compounds (3a and 3b) against DNA dodecamer d(CGCGAATTCGCG)<sub>2</sub> has been carried out. The test compounds exhibited remarkable antibacterial, antioxidant and DNA binding activities.</p><p> </p>

Notomelia with Supernumerary Hindlimb in a Korean Native Calf

Notomelia with Supernumerary Hindlimb in a Korean Native Calf

Formation of intermolecular crosslinks by the actinocin derivatives with DNA in interaction under conditions of semidilute solution

Interaction of native calf thymus DNA (ctDNA) with the actinocin derivatives containing protonated diethylamino groups, dimethylamino groups and unsubstituted amino groups and having different length of the alkyl chain have been studied by the method of viscometry. An anomalous hydrodynamic behavior of solutions of DNA with very low amount of ligands prepared under conditions of semidilute solution was revealed. We assumed that such an anomalous behavior of solutions of DNA complexes with actinocin derivatives associated with the formation of intermolecular crosslinks while the preparation of the complex was in terms of overlapping of macromolecular coils in solution. Comparative study of the hydrodynamic behavior of the DNA complexes with various actinocin structures lead us to the conclusion of the formation of crosslinks by the compounds containing protonated diethylamino groups.

Spectroscopic and viscositic studies on the interaction of solifenacin succinate with DNA

The interaction of native calf thymus DNA (ctDNA) with solifenacin succinate (SFS) was investigated under simulated physiological conditions by multi-spectroscopic techniques and viscometric measurements. It concluded that SFS could intercalate into the base pairs of ctDNA, and the fluorescence quenching by ctDNA was static quenching type. Thermodynamic parameters calculated suggested that the binding of SFS to ctDNA was mainly driven by hydrophobic interactions. Furthermore, the relative viscosity of ctDNA increased with the addition of SFS, which confirmed the intercalation mode.

Synthesis, Characterization and DNA Interaction Studies of (N,N'-Bis(5-phenylazosalicylaldehyde)-ethylenediamine) Cobalt(II) Complex

In the present study, at first, azo Schiff base ligand of (N,N'-bis(5-phenylazosalicylaldehyde)-ethylenediamine) (H2L) has been synthesized by condensation reaction of 5-phenylazosalicylaldehyde and ethylenediamine in 2:1 molar ratio, respectively. Then, its cobalt complex (CoL) was synthesized by reaction of Co(OAc)2·4H2O with ligand (H2L) in 1:1 molar ratio in ethanol solvent. This ligand and its cobalt complex containing azo functional groups were characterized using elemental analysis, 1 H-NMR, UV-vis and IR spectroscopies. Subsequently, the interaction between native calf thymus deoxyribonucleic acid (ct-DNA) and CoL complex was investigated in 10 mM Tris/HCl buffer solution, pH = 7 using UV-vis absorption, thermal denaturation technique and viscosity measurements. From spectrophotometric titration experiments, the binding constant of CoL complex with ct-DNA was found to be (2.4 ± 0.2) × 10 4 M �1 . The thermodynamic parameters were calculated by van’t Hoff equation.The enthalpy and entropy changes were 5753.94 ± 172.66 kcal/mol and 43.93 ± 1.18 cal/mol·K at 25 °C, respectively. Thermal denaturation experiments represent the increasing of melting temperature of ct-DNA (about 0.93 °C) due to binding of CoL complex. The results indicate that the process is entropy- driven and suggest that hydrophobic interactions are the main driving force for the complex formation.

Nickel(ii), copper(ii) and zinc(ii) metallo-intercalators: structural details of the DNA-binding by a combined experimental and computational investigation

We present a thorough characterization of the interaction of novel nickel(II) (1), copper(II) (2) and zinc(II) (3) Schiff base complexes with native calf thymus DNA (ct-DNA), in buffered aqueous solution at pH 7.5. UV-vis absorption, circular dichroism (CD) and viscometry titrations provided clear evidence of the intercalative mechanism of the three square-planar metal complexes, allowing us to determine the intrinsic DNA-binding constants (K(b)), equal to 1.3 × 10(7), 2.9 × 10(6), and 6.2 × 10(5) M(-1) for 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Preferential affinity, of one order of magnitude, toward AT compared to GC base pair sequences was detected by UV-vis absorption titrations of 1 with [poly(dG-dC)]2 and [poly(dA-dT)]2. Structural details of the intercalation site of the three metal complexes within [dodeca(dA-dT)]2 were obtained by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations followed by density functional theory/molecular mechanics (DFT/MM) calculations. The calculations revealed that three major intermolecular interactions contribute to the strong affinity between DNA and the three metal complexes: (1) the electrostatic attraction between the two positively charged triethylammoniummethyl groups of the metal complexes and the negatively charged phosphate groups of the DNA backbone; (2) the intercalation of the naphthalene moiety within the four nitrogen bases of the intercalation site; (3) the metal coordination by exocyclic donor atoms of the bases, specifically the carbonyl oxygen and amine nitrogen atoms. Remarkably, the Gibbs formation free energy calculated for the intercalation complexes of 1, 2 and 3 with [dodeca(dA-dT)]2 in the implicit water solution is in agreement with the experimental Gibbs free energy values obtained from the DNA-binding constants as ΔG° = -RT ln(K(b)). In particular, the DNA-binding affinity trend, 1 > 2 > 3, is reproduced. Finally, the first shell coordination distances calculated for the intercalation complex 3/[dodeca(dA-dT)]2 are in excellent agreement with the experimental distances extracted from the extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectrum of the corresponding 3/ct-DNA solutions. The latter results provided the first evidence of metal ion coordination by native DNA in aqueous solution.

Surgical management of ileocecocolic intussusception in a Korean native calf: a case report

A two-month-old male 40 kg Korean native calf was referred to the Chonbuk Animal Medical Centre, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University because of prolonged diarrhoea, depression, and anorexia lasting three weeks. On physical examination, abdominal distension presented in the right flank and a percussion sound was audible. A round-shaped lesion was observed in the area of the large intestine on computed tomography and ultrasonography, and a diagnosis of intestinal intussusception was made. A surgical operation was decided upon immediately to correct the intussusception. An infarct lesion was found during surgery, and the lesion was observed on the intussuscepted intestines including the cecum, ileum, and colon. The area of intussusception was excised, and an anastomosis was performed. Despite intensive and supportive care, the patient died one day after the surgery due to poor general condition. An ileocecocolic intussusception is an uncommon case compared within other intestinal intussusceptions. Most affected calves have a history of severe diarrhoea and the prognosis is guarded due to poor general condition. Good survival can be expected if patients are diagnosed quickly.

Two new neutral copper(II) complexes with dipicolinic acid and 3-amino-1H-1,2,4-triazole formed under different reaction conditions: Synthesis, characterization, molecular structures and DNA-binding studies

Two Cu(II) complexes, [Cu2(μ-atr)(pydc)2(H2O)4]·5H2O (1) and [Cu(atr)(pydc) (H2O)]·H2O (2), with pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid (H2pydc) and 3-amino-1H-1,2,4-triazole (atr), have been synthesized and characterized. The interaction ability of the both complexes with native calf thymus DNA (CT-DNA) has been monitored as a function of the metal complex-DNA molar ratio. UV–vis spectrophotometry, circular dichroism (CD), thermal denaturation studies, cyclic voltammetry (CV) and viscosity measurements. The intrinsic binding constants Kb of complexes 1 and 2, with CT-DNA obtained from UV–vis absorption studies were 4.7 (±0. 1) × 104 and 9.5 (±0. 1) × 104 M−1, respectively. Further investigation of interaction mode was performed using viscosity, cyclic voltammetry and Tm of CT-DNA studies as well as CD study, indicating complexes bind to DNA via an intercalation mode.

Interaction of a copper (II) complex containing an artificial sweetener (aspartame) with calf thymus DNA

A copper (II) complex containing aspartame (APM) as ligand, Cu(APM)2Cl2⋅2H2O, was synthesized and characterized. In vitro binding interaction of this complex with native calf thymus DNA (CT-DNA) was studied at physiological pH. The interaction was studied using different methods: spectrophotometric, spectrofluorometric, competition experiment, circular dichroism (CD) and viscosimetric techniques. Hyperchromicity was observed in UV absorption band of Cu(APM)2Cl2⋅2H2O. A strong fluorescence quenching reaction of DNA to Cu(APM)2Cl2⋅2H2O was observed and the binding constants (Kf) and corresponding numbers of binding sites (n) were calculated at different temperatures. Thermodynamic parameters, enthalpy change (ΔH) and entropy change (ΔS) were calculated to be+89.3kJmol−1 and+379.3Jmol−1K−1 according to Van’t Hoff equation which indicated that reaction is predominantly entropically driven. Experimental results from spectroscopic methods were comparable and further supported by viscosity measurements. We suggest that Cu(APM)2Cl2⋅2H2O interacts with calf thymus DNA via a groove interaction mode with an intrinsic binding constant of 8×10+4M−1. Binding of this copper complex to DNA was found to be stronger compared to aspartame which was studied recently.