Nations Face Research Articles

Tom Nairn: A man with qualities

Nations and NationalismEarly View SYMPOSIUM Tom Nairn: A man with qualities David McCrone, Corresponding Author David McCrone [email protected] University of Edinburgh Institute of Governance, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK Correspondence David McCrone, University of Edinburgh Institute of Governance, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK. Email: [email protected]Search for more papers by this author David McCrone, Corresponding Author David McCrone [email protected] University of Edinburgh Institute of Governance, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK Correspondence David McCrone, University of Edinburgh Institute of Governance, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK. Email: [email protected]Search for more papers by this author First published: 08 June 2023 https://doi.org/10.1111/nana.12968 The allusion is to Robert Musil's 1929 novel ‘The Man Without Qualities’. Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL REFERENCES Carruthers, G. (2009). Scottish literature. Edinburgh University Press. https://doi.org/10.1515/9780748633104 Craig, C. (1996). Out of history: Narrative paradigms in Scottish and British culture. Birlinn. Johnson, R. W. (1988). Pallas. In London review of books, 7th July (p. 6). Nairn, T. (1977). The break up of Britain. Verso. Nairn, T. (1988). The enchanted glass: Britain and its monarchy. Verso. Nairn, T. (1997). Faces of nationalism: Janus revisited. Verso. Paterson, L. (1994). The autonomy of modern Scotland. Edinburgh University Press. Early ViewOnline Version of Record before inclusion in an issue ReferencesRelatedInformation

Introduction: Symposium on Tom Nairn

Nations and NationalismEarly View SYMPOSIUM Introduction: Symposium on Tom Nairn Jonathan Hearn, Corresponding Author Jonathan Hearn [email protected] orcid.org/0000-0002-7035-4002 Sociology, University of Edinburgh, Chrystal Macmillan Building, Edinburgh, UK Correspondence Jonathan Hearn, University of Edinburgh, Sociology, Chrystal Macmillan Building, Edinburgh, UK. Email: [email protected]Search for more papers by this author Jonathan Hearn, Corresponding Author Jonathan Hearn [email protected] orcid.org/0000-0002-7035-4002 Sociology, University of Edinburgh, Chrystal Macmillan Building, Edinburgh, UK Correspondence Jonathan Hearn, University of Edinburgh, Sociology, Chrystal Macmillan Building, Edinburgh, UK. Email: [email protected]Search for more papers by this author First published: 08 June 2023 https://doi.org/10.1111/nana.12966Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL No abstract is available for this article. REFERENCES Callinicos, A. (1988). Comment: Exception or symptom? The British crisis and the world system. New Left Review, May–June, 169, 97– 106. Gellner, E. (1983). Nations and nationalism. Cornell University Press. Nairn, T. (1997). Faces of nationalism: Janus revisited. Verso. Wood, E. M. (1991). The pristine culture of capitalism. Verso. Early ViewOnline Version of Record before inclusion in an issue ReferencesRelatedInformation

Electric Vehicle Infrastructure as a Driver of the Sustainability Agenda in the US National Park System

Transportation systems within parks impact the ecological environment. Parks typically endure infrastructure and preservation related problems, including unmaintained roads, pollution, road congestion, closed trails, and noise pollution impacting wildlife. Sustainability has been a key priority for the federal government as various initiatives such as Clean Cities and Green Parks Plan have been launched to lower emissions and reduce petroleum usage nationwide. This study investigates the specific opportunity for national parks to utilize electric vehicles (EVs) to lower their emissions and environmental impacts and thereby achieve greener goals. It is critical to understand the challenges that national parks face in adopting EV infrastructure. Likewise, opportunities need to be explored for accelerating EV adoption. Scientific research on the views of different stakeholders of national parks is critical for the adoption of EV infrastructure for sustainable drive tourism within national parks. Therefore, this study investigated how national parks are employing EVs within their systems to uncover opportunities and associated challenges related to implementing EVs for drive tourism in U.S. national parks. This study focused on the supply-side orientation to identify facilitators and inhibitors in technical, legal, physical, social, economic, cultural, and environmental dimensions of sustainability. The study sought to identify how national parks are utilizing alternative transportations systems (ATS) or other sustainable practices, such as EVs, to identify the challenges national parks face regarding implementing EV infrastructure, and to identify opportunities to advance EV infrastructure in national parks. The study revealed opportunities for EVs to be effectively utilized within most park fleets. Adoption will be the consequence of both leadership and park acceptance in addition to the culture towards new technologies. Future monetary savings from fuel and maintenance may provide the basis for exploring and adopting electric vehicles. Challenges included geographic location and terrain along with the lack of sufficient funding to support the necessary infrastructure. Parking was also a concern. Park management is hesitant to install charging stations that may not see usage, leading to customer concerns by visitors traveling with EVs not having a place to charge and visitors with traditional vehicles consequently having one less space to park.

Missionizing Affects

Abstract This article examines the fictionalized retelling of a real 2017 controversy, after images proliferated of fans raising the rainbow flag during the Lebanese band Mashrou Leila’s concert in Egypt in solidarity with the band’s openly queer frontman. It examines the Egyptian musalsal or Arabic-language drama serial, ‘Awalem Khafeya, Hidden Worlds and suggests that the program engages in the ‘recoding’ of these events, where violent state crackdowns are restaged to cultivate different affects and feelings around troubled sovereignty. The production is situated within the Egyptian and Saudi Arabian contexts, where the program aired and ‘anti-corruption’ crackdowns betray state anxieties around economic liberalization. The production is analyzed to demonstrate how recoding operates, reflecting the potential for failed recoding platforms and raising new questions about content and territory. Ultimately, the article offers recoding as a diagnostic of power in the digital media age, where nations face a crisis of sovereignty as they articulate themselves in a global media marketplace.

Cooking energy choices in urban areas and its implications on poverty reduction

ABSTRACT Developing nations face higher stakes in the race towards a cleaner energy future, where it's a matter of life, wealth, and basic human needs. Using Tanzania Panel Survey data, this study examined urban households' cooking energy choices and their impact on reducing poverty. Employing advanced statistical models, it found that traditional energy sources still dominate cooking methods, and households relying on them are more likely to be trapped in poverty. Clean energy sources, on the other hand, reduce poverty prevalence. Education and income diversification programs can facilitate an immediate shift towards clean energy and achieve Sustainable Development Goals. This study highlights the urgency of the situation and the need for decisive action towards a cleaner, equitable world for all.

The Place of Ukrainian National Motifs in the Art Culture of the Ukrainian SSR: 1960’s – 1970’s (the Theater and the Cinema Art Case Study)

The focus of this article is the study of the place of Ukrainian national motifs in the art culture of the Ukrainian SSR during the 60’s – 70’s of the 20th century on the example of theatre and cinema art, demonstration of protest of the Ukrainian intelligentsia against russification and denationalization of the indigenous people of Ukraine. Research methodology. During the research, such scientific methods as analytical-logical, historical-systemic, explanation, search, synthesis, comparison, complex selection were applied. The work also used the method of analysis is to find out the level of growth of national consciousness of Ukrainians. Scientific novelty. It was found that the beginning of the 1960’s was characterized by a certain rise of Ukrainian issues in art culture, however since the second half 60’s and during the 70’s of the twentieth century the Ukrainian national motives began to be actively pushed out of the movie screens and theatrical stages of the USSR etc. It is argued that the opposition of the Ukrainian creative intelligentsia to the Soviet totalitarian system resulted in cultural and artistic nonconformism. Conclusions. Despite oppression and repression by the ruling communist elite, Ukrainian artists sought to promote Ukraine’s past, reveal the multifaceted national culture of the indigenous people of the USSR, and demonstrate to the world its uniqueness and right to exist. The process of revival of the national face of Ukrainian culture, return from the depths of folk art, the relationship between national and spiritual was becoming irreversible. The spirit of free thought, moral and aesthetic innovations, struggle rights to indigenous art filled the activities of young talented Ukrainians.

The Many Faces of Nationalism

AbstractThis article reviews three recent books on nationalism, each focusing on a different aspect of this multifaceted phenomenon. Mylonas and Radnitz’s volume explores the relationships between nationalism and the politics of treason, Hadžidedic’s book zooms in on the historical interdependence of capitalism and nationalism, while Maxwell’s historical monograph explores nationalist habitus as a form of lived experience. These three insightful contributions show the diversity and plasticity of nationalist ideology and practice.

Take key steps to protect your privacy when you're sharing public scholarship

Scholars writing in national media face rising levels of backlash. The threat of social media pushback, organized attack campaigns, and calls for “canceling” from the political left and right are at a fever pitch.

Last Mile Distributors: The Key to Unlocking Efficient Rural Supply Chain

‘Last mile’ means the final phase of a distribution process where in order to gain a competitive advantage, companies work at establishing and refining their final link of supply chain. In many rural areas around the world, the inefficient last mile supply chains is a major obstacle to business development. Last miles are often considered as the most expensive but least efficient aspect of a supply chain. Many national and multinational companies face complex and unique challenges in delivering goods to rural areas, particularly in developing countries where infrastructure is often poor and transportation options are limited. This inadequacy can result in higher costs for consumers, reduced profits for producers, and even wastage due to spoilage.

Seaports Could Lose $67 Billion Yearly from Natural Disasters

Small islands and low-income nations face the largest relative monetary losses to their ports and maritime trade.

MULTICULTURALISM AND ETHNIC DIVERSITY IN THE FACE OF HOMOGENOUS NATIONALISM IN FINLAND

Finland as a country has not been on the receiving end of migration for a long time. However, in the last two decades, there has been an increase in the number of people immigrating to Finland than those emigrating. With the increasing cultural and ethnic diversity, the country’s migration policies have attempted to accommodate immigrants even in the face of homogenous nationalism. This study examines the limits of multiculturalism and ethnic diversity and how it affects the social integration of immigrants into Finnish society. Based on the current population dynamics of Finland, there is tension between increasing multiculturalism and a native approach that informs the homogenous representation of the Finnish identity. There are clearly limits to which immigrants can express their cultural identity and conditions to which a middle ground for social integration between immigrants and Finnish citizens can be reached. With the aid of semi-structured interviews, this study seeks to obtain an empirical evaluation of the experiences of immigrants in the process of settling and socially integrating into Finnish society.<p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0202/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

The relationship between economic diversification and carbon emissions in developing countries

In the past two decades, ASEAN countries have witnessed a rapid rise in air pollution, and environmental degradation has become a severe problem in this region. This is because manufacturing, machinery, chemicals, and allied industries are the main economic sectors on which developing nations in the ASEAN-5 area have concentrated their efforts. However, these are significant sources of greenhouse gas emissions. In response, each of the ASEAN-5 nations has pledged to reduce its carbon emissions. Additionally, one of the crucial challenges that these nations face is the choice and modification of product structure. This study was conducted to analyze the impact of economic diversification, income per capita, foreign direct investment, and electricity consumption on carbon emissions in developing ASEAN-5 nations (Vietnam, Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines) from 1986 to 2019. By adopting the pooled mean group approach, the empirical results showed that economic diversification reduces CO2 emissions while its square has the opposite effect. Electricity consumption positively influences carbon emissions in the long run, while economic growth drives environmental degradation both in the short and long run. Based on the findings, it can be recommended that ASEAN-5 governments increase economic diversification and reduce non-renewable energy consumption to promote sustainable development and environmental protection.

A study of diasporic elements in the select works of Margaret Atwood, Jhumpa Lahiri and Kiran Desai

After the two world wars and India's independence from the British in 1947, English-language writing in India has advanced significantly. Since the two world wars and India's independence from the British in 1947, Indian Writing in English, as it was once known, has advanced significantly with a few countable writers on the horizon. There weren't many writers in the corpus of works that were produced in the English language by Indian writers, especially before the label changed from Indo-Anglian Literature (that was named such before) to Indian Writing in English. The two most recent female authors to contribute to the field of Indian English literature are Kiran Desai and Jhumpa Lahiri, yet their creativity transcends the confines of gender. They speak to an Indian culture that has experienced social anguish and cultural displacement both inside and outside of their own nation as a result of globalisation and immigration. They express the suffering of Indian immigrants who have migrated in foreign countries and are filled with sentiments of loneliness and displacement while having no other options for freedom on many fronts. The selection of these two highly regarded and award-winning authors was made for a variety of reasons, including the fact that they are both contemporary writers with a wide range of parallels and differences. They share a lot of traits, yet they also naturally vary in overt and subtle ways. Nonetheless, the literary output they provide readers with is overwhelmingly impressive, and they give voice to the world's silent immigrants. They present sorrowful, yet true, stories. For instance, the fictional character Biju from Kiran Desai's novella “Inheritance of Loss” has heart breaking anecdotes to share with us about his status as an illegal immigrant and how he concealed from American Immigration police agents by vanishing from the restaurant and through the hotel's mouse hole. There are now tens of thousands of Bijus living in countries like the United States, Germany, France, Canada, the United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, etc. Lahiri contrasts the two lives of two brothers who are travelling in opposite directions in her novel “Lowland”, which is a poignant and emotional depiction of immigrants. State terrorism claims the life of a young man as the wealthy continue to amass ever-increasing wealth at the expense of the poor, who continue to live in poverty. The “Lowland”, which was nominated for the prestigious Man Booker Prize in 2013, is sensitive to the brutal realities of society and the way the state uses the rural and ignorant majority for political purposes. The handling of female characters in immigrant stories also calls for a critical examination of Lahiri and Desai's literary creations. Another one of the well-known female writer Margaret Atwood in her novel “Surfacing” the main subject is separation. This is established in the opening chapter, as it is revealed that the narrator is politically dispossessed as an English speaker living in Quebec at a period when Québec was wanting to become an independent French-speaking nation. The narrator compares human contact to that of animals because she feels cut off from the people around her. As an illustration, the narrator thinks of an animal "at the instant the trap closes" while overhearing David and Anna having sex. Extremist David, who argues that Canada would be better off without the "fascist pig Yanks" and advises that they be driven out of the country by assault beavers, is the face of nationalism. The researcher opted to pick these two Indian immigrant women writers and Margaret Atwood for the dissertation as a result.

Protein – protein Interaction Mapping of Neurodegenerative Disease

Significant health risks are associated with neurodegenerative disorders. A variety of age-related factors have developed recently with the increase in the older population. These illnesses are characterised by the accumulation of proteins with altered physicochemical properties and the progressive degradation of neurons in the peritoneal and brain tissues. Some of the most challenging issues that modern nations face as their populations get older are Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Huntington's, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The four types of proteins that are involved in these illnesses are Huntingtin, Alpha-synuclein, Amyloid beta, and TAR DNA-binding protein of 43 kDa (TDP-43). Dopamine release and transport may be regulated by alpha-synuclein. Tau, a microtubule-associated protein, binds to STXBP1, a critical component of the synaptic vesicle exocytotic machinery, reducing caspase-3 activation potential function in synaptic vesicle exocytosis, which reduces neuronal sensitivity to various apoptotic events. The String database was used to identify protein-protein interactions between targets for neurodegenerative diseases that overlapped and were therefore considered to be potential targets. These disorders are linked to four different gene types: APBA2, TARDBP, HTT, and SNCA. Twenty possible neurodegenerative diseases were present in all.

The Impact of Natural Disasters on Intercultural Dialogue and Its Reflection in Dave Egger’s Zeitoun

The paper addresses the issue of intercultural dialogue and its importance for ecological humanism and how this problem is reflected in American literary nonfiction at the beginning of the 21st century (as exemplified by nonfiction novel Zeitoun by Dave Eggers). The authors of the article come to the conclusion that the successful resolution of modern socio-ecological crises requires practical humanism and the actualization of the principles of ecological philosophy. The most important component of the dialogue among cultures at all levels is the moral component, since it is mutual recognition and respect for norms, customs, traditions, ideals, eternal moral values that are the basis for the mutual enrichment of cultures, as well as the socio-political, environmental and economic stability of society as a whole. The book Zeitoun by Eggers demonstrates the importance of intercultural dialogue especially in situations in which entire nations face global ecological disaster.

Curbing Bribe-Giving in Malaysia: The Role of Attitudes and Parents

One of the main challenges developing nations face is curbing bribery. While there are many efforts to curb bribery, most focused at macro level, such as law, while little has been examined at the micro level, e.g., individual behavior and intention. Those who did investigate at the micro level tend to focus on the recipients rather than the ones giving the bribe. We explored eight factors that influence Malaysian young adults’ bribe giving intention based on the Reasoned Action Approach (RAA). A total of 345 respondents (M age = 20.68, SD = 2.01, 189 are females) completed questionnaires about all RAA variables. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) was carried out using smartPLS3.0 to analyze the result. The result revealed that out of the eight variables, four variables—Instrumental attitudes, Experiential Attitudes, Parents’ descriptive norms and Capacity—explain 74% of the variance in bribe giving intention. An important take-away is that young adult’s perception of whether their parents gave or did not give bribes in a given situation is important in influencing their bribe giving intention. Bribe giving prevention messages must be targeted explicitly toward parents, where they play a crucial role in curbing this dishonesty.

Language Access in Immigration Court: Guatemalan Indigenous Languages

The number of immigrants[1] in the United States who has court hearings with the Executive Office of Immigration Review ("immigration court") has increased, resulting in a backlog. As immigration judges (I.J.s) determine whether an immigrant is removable and/or will be permitted to stay in the United States, due process requires an interpreter in the immigrant’s best language.
 A pressing issue immigration courts across the nation face is providing interpreters for indigenous languages. For Guatemalan indigenous language speakers, this is particularly important because of the number of indigenous languages recognized by the Guatemalan government and because of the number of Guatemalans who have immigration court. The number of immigrants in immigration court whose best language is an indigenous language is increasing. Despite this increase, it is difficult to find interpreters.
 This paper examines the lack of interpreters for Guatemalan indigenous languages, the rise of the need for interpreters, and provides an overview of the immigration court’s obligation to provide an interpreter for immigrants. This paper concludes by arguing that the Department of Justice develop a plan that there are sufficient interpreters for Guatemalan indigenous language speakers.
 
 [1] I use “immigrant” to refer to any foreign-born non-U.S. citizen or national. The term “immigrant” has a specific meaning in immigration law, but for purposes of social science, a “nonimmigrant” may be considered an immigrant. See Loue (2003).

Dietsland Empire?

Dutch fascism was marked by an international outlook and character from the outset in the 1920s. Rather than a purely Netherlands affair, it had proponents in multiple countries, particularly Belgium and the East Indies (Indonesia). For many of these, the idea of a Great Netherlands territory uniting all Dutch-speaking nations – Dietsland – was central to their international vision. There were a number of Dutch fascist parties and other organisations spread across the globe which experienced limited success throughout the 1920s, notably Flemish fascists in Belgium, and the reactionary Fatherland Club in the Dutch Indies. The latter was the most important, successfully mobilising the white settler population against perceived weakness in the face of Indonesian nationalism and communism. In the early 1930s they became influenced by fascism. The dominant fascist force of the 1930s however was Anton Mussert’s National Socialist Movement, which became a considerable force in the Netherlands, but proportionally even greater in the East Indies. Permitting mixed-race members in the party, it established integrated branches in the colonies where it became the largest political party. An inclusive culturalist notion of Dietsland was central to the party’s international vision and plans for a future fascist Imperium. It took a broadly positive stance towards the colonial administration, pointing to it as a model of fascist rule. This international Dutch fascism was underpinned by a transnational network of members and colonial administrators and army veterans which moved around the Dutch empire. This had a real impact on the development of party ideology, as leaders had to reckon with the influence of the transnational fascist network. However, ultimately metropolitan chauvinism and white supremacism determined the ultimate failure of Dutch fascism in the Indies and the hollowness of the Dietsland myth.

Islam and Christian Perspective Toward Global Religious Education in Indonesia

Globalization challenges Muslims and Christians in developing religious education in Indonesia. The problem of globalization has attacked the spiritual values of education. The output of religious teachings has recently shifted from the primary goal, namely the goal of education, because the education system is religiously oriented. Intolerance, corruption, human rights violations and all forms of moral decay that the Indonesian nation faces are manifestations of the minimal results of the cultivation of religious education in Indonesia. To fill this gap, this study tries to analyze and solve the problem of religious education from both an Islamic and a Christian perspective. The research used in this article is a discourse analysis method by comparing Islamic religious education and Christian religious education in Indonesia. Cooperation between the government and religious education is needed to develop religious education in Indonesia's global era. It requires integration between religious values and the positive values of globalization. Inter-religious and inter-religious dialogue must be included as part of religious education. Religious and educational institutions must be separated from commercialization, and cooperation between Christian and Islamic institutions. The Ministry of religious affairs as the higher authority in religious education, have to build mutual cooperation between the Islamic institution of religious education and the Christian Institution of religious education to support dialogue and sharing in term of harmonization.

COUNTERINTELLIGENCE IN THE BALKANS AND EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN. THE COUNTERINTELLIGENCE METHODS OF TRANSNATIONAL GROUPS

In the post-Cold War era, new challenges emerged that have threatened regional and global security. Before the turn of the 21st century, the world was primarily dominated by states, but now, non-state actors are of critical importance in national and international security in today's globalizing and multipolar world. Of these non-state actors, transnational organized crime networks and groups have become a key security threat in the national, regional, and global environment. Transnational organized crime groups threaten to destabilize basic societal, economic, and political institutions and values. While all nations face the threat of transnational organized crime groups, those post-war and post-conflict nations in transition are especially fragile to the effects that transnational organized crime groups can have on a nation's government, economy, and society. The Balkan region has all been plagued by conflict and instability since the civil wars of the 1990s. Today, the Balkan and Eastern Mediterranean region has reemerged with strategic importance as the instability of nations in these regions are particularly susceptible to external malign influence by state and non-state actors. Concerns regarding the rise of transnational organized crime and its relationship with religious extremist groups have caused the international community to refocus on the Balkan and Eastern Mediterranean regions. Increasingly, transnational organized crime groups along with international terrorist groups are beginning to share organizational and operational features. Additionally, when it becomes advantageous, these groups will partner with each other. Transnational organized crime networks and groups have grown in both size and sophistication, and many major groups behave and assume the structure of secret organizations. Powerful transnational organized crime groups have developed in accordance with the structures of their host countries, which is why it is these groups flourish in those countries with more fragile political institutions. The ways in which transnational organized crime groups think and operate have made them successful. These groups take their illicit business ventures seriously, and understanding what these groups do, how they operate, and who they work with is critical in defeating them. By examining effective counterintelligence methods, this paper will focus on the strategic importance of transnational organized crime in the Balkan and Eastern Mediterranean region, with a particular focus on Albania.