Nation Of Immigrants Research Articles

The Effects of Naturalization and Documentation Status on the Participation of Latino Immigrants

In recent decades, the number of immigrants in the U.S. has climbed dramatically. Research suggests that the foreign-born, and especially immigrants without citizenship rights, approach American politics with a great deal of uncertainty and ambivalence, which ultimately leads to from election-year politics, with potentially significant longer-term consequences. Using the 2012 Latino Immigrant National Election Study, a large nationally representative survey conducted in parallel with the 2012 American National Election Study, this paper examines this disengagement hypothesis. We focus in particular on how formal civic status (i.e., whether an immigrant has citizenship rights, is a legal permanent resident, is a non-citizen but has some form of legal documentation, or is undocumented) influences involvement, both in electoral and non-electoral activities. Multivariate models of participation provide little support for the “disengagement hypothesis,” and for some modes of involvement, non-citizens are actually more engaged than naturalized citizens. This study adds to the growing body of work in political science on how governmental policies shape political behavior and public opinion.

Identidad cultural del alumnado marroquí: estado de la cuestión en los centros de educación secundaria públicos de Andalucía

The migratory fluency in Spain, receiving immigrants and losing Spanish population to other countries is a reality. The Moroccan population emerges as the second largest nationality of immigrants living in Spain in 2014. After Catalonia, the Autonomous Community of Andalusia is the second highest proportion of immigrants of Spanish Moroccan territory. To address the knowledge of the cultural identity of students from Morocco in Andalusia, our study aims to determine the perspective of Moroccan students of the public high schools of Andalusia in relation to their own cultural identity. The study population is composed of Moroccan students enrolled in the public high schools of Andalusia, reaching a final sample of 891 students. We rely on a quantitative methodology, using the descriptive method and a survey design. The main axes of our data collection instrument revolve around arrival and trajectory in Spain, contact with their homeland, their views on Moroccan traditions, aspects of their current life and their prospective vision of their future life. The main results of our study highlight the positive assessment students have of public high schools in Andalusia which make their experience in Spain, even to wish for their children to continue in the country; and the importance attached to this collective continuity and transfer of powerful Moroccan feeling they have. In conclusion we can say that there is a strong sense of Moroccan identity in the group under study, it is even higher when referring to the cultural field.

Net opposition to immigrants of different nationalities correlates strongly with their arrest rates in the UK

Public beliefs about immigrants and immigration are widely regarded as erroneous. For example, members of the public typically overestimate the immigrant fraction of the population by ~10–15 percentage points. On the other hand, consensual stereotypes about the respective characteristics of different groups (e.g., sexes, races, nationalities) are generally found to be quite accurate. The present study shows that, in the UK, net opposition to immigrants of different nationalities (n = 23) correlates strongly with the log of immigrant arrests rates (r = .69; p = 0.0003; 95% CI = [.39, .86]) and with the log of their arrest rates for violent crime (r = .68; p = 0.0003; 95% CI = [.38, .85]). This is particularly noteworthy given that Britons reportedly think that an immigrant’s criminal history should be one of the most important characteristics when considering whether he or she should be allowed into the country. In bivariate models, the associations are not wholly accounted for by a general opposition to non-Whites, non-Westerners, foreigners who do not speak English, Muslims, or those from countries with low average IQ. While circumstantial in nature, the study’s findings suggest that public beliefs about the relative positions of different immigrant groups may be reasonably accurate.

National Immigration Quotas and Local Economic Growth

The introduction of immigration quotas in the 1920s fundamentally changed US migration policy. We exploit this policy change to estimate the effect of immigration on local economic growth and industry development. Our analysis demonstrates that areas with larger pre-existing communities of immigrants of nationalities restricted by the quota system experienced larger population declines in the subsequent decades as the quotas reduced the supply of immigrants to these areas. We then show that the quotas led to negative agglomeration effects in the manufacturing sector, while productivity losses are only visible in urban counties, cities, and immigrant dependent industries. We also find that the quota system pushed native workers into low-wage occupations.

ATTITUDES AND CULTURAL STEREOTYPES OF FUTURE TEACHERS TOWARDS IMMIGRANT STUDENTS IN SPAIN

Este estudio pretende detectar las actitudes y estereotipos culturales predominantes entre los futuros maestros hacia los inmigrantes en Espana y las fuentes de informacion que influyen en mayor medida. Se estudian las asociaciones que provocan las palabras extranjero e inmigrante, igual que la posicion de las nacionalidades de los inmigrantes, segun las actitudes positivas o negativas hacia ellas.Se explican las funciones de los estereotipos y se analiza un cuestionario de opinion de 151 alumnos en el Grado de Educacion Primaria en la Universidad de Granada. El instrumento de investigacion es un cuestionario compuesto por 41 items de preguntas cerradas y abiertas que combina algunas preguntas dicotomicas y abiertas con otras de escala Likert. El analisis de datos se realizo con el programa estadistico SPSS 17. Se aplico el analisis descriptivo de las variables para obtener la frecuencia y los porcentajes de las respuestas. Para el estudio de la relacion entre variables cualitativas se ha empleado el analisis inferencial.Teniendo en cuenta que los estereotipos y los prejuicios dificultan la convivencia y ademas, se consolidan por la falta de contacto intergrupal y, por consiguiente, desconocimiento del Otro, resulta importante facilitar estos contactos en el espacio educativo para mejorar las actitudes hacia los inmigrantes y reducir la xenofobia.La palabra inmigrante se asocia en primer lugar a la pobreza, la necesidad y a una estancia ilegal, mientras que la palabra extranjero se atribuye a una persona adinerada que reside en Espana legalmente por placer.Las autoras consideran que los resultados serviran para obtener un diagnostico de la situacion actual y disenar una intervencion pedagogica destinada a mejorar la aceptacion de los principios de la educacion inclusiva entre los futuros maestros.El presente estudio se realizo en el marco de un proyecto I+D, titulado Laformacion de los docentes de espanol para inmigrantes en diferentes contextos educativos (codigo EDU2013-43868-P).

Knowledge and utilization of sexual and reproductive healthcare services among Thai immigrant women in Sweden.

BackgroundMigration from Thailand to Sweden has increased threefold over the last 10 years. Today Thailand is one of the most common countries of origin among immigrants in Sweden. Since the year 2000, new HIV cases are also more prevalent among Thai immigrants compared to other immigrant nationalities in Sweden. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between knowledge and utilization of sexual and reproductive healthcare services, contraceptive knowledge and socio-demographic characteristics and social capital among Thai immigrant women in Sweden.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional study using a postal questionnaire to all Thai women (18–64) in two Swedish regions, who immigrated to the country between 2006 and 2011. The questionnaire was answered by 804 women (response rate 62.3 %). Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used.ResultsThe majority (52.1 %) of Thai women had poor knowledge of where they should turn when they need sexual and reproductive healthcare services. After controlling for potential confounders, living without a partner (OR = 2.02, CI: 1.16–3.54), having low trust in others (OR = 1.61, CI: 1.10–2.35), having predominantly bonding social capital (OR = 1.50, CI: 1.02–2.23) and belonging to the oldest age group (OR = 2.65, CI: 1.32–5.29) were identified as risk factors for having poor knowledge. The majority (56.7 %) had never been in contact with healthcare services to get advice on contraception, and about 75 % had never been HIV/STI tested in Sweden. Low utilization of healthcare was associated with poor knowledge about healthcare services (OR = 6.07, CI: 3.94–9.34) and living without a partner (OR = 2.53, CI: 1.30–4.90). Most Thai women had knowledge of how to prevent an unwanted pregnancy (91.6 %) and infection with HIV/STI (91.1 %).ConclusionsThe findings indicate that social capital factors such as high trust in others and predominantly bridging social capital promote access to knowledge about healthcare services.However, only one-fourth of the women had been HIV/STI tested, and due to the HIV prevalence among Thai immigrants in Sweden, policy makers and health professionals need to include Thai immigrants in planning health promotion efforts and healthcare interventions.

Przedsiębiorczość imigrantów w państwach UE i krajach OECD

Uwarunkowania rozwoju współczesnej gospodarki wiążą się z procesami globalizacyjnymi. Jednym z kluczowych elementów takiej gospodarki są migracje. Decyzja o emigracji wymaga przełamania wielu barier, podjęcia ryzyka. Wyzwaniem staje się funkcjonowanie w nowych warunkach społeczno-gospodarczych, gdzie każde podjęte działanie nacechowane jest innowacyjnością. Można postawić tezę, że działania takie wymagają od emigrantów rozwiniętych zachowań przedsiębiorczych. Połączenie zjawisk, takich jak migracje i przedsiębiorczość, a w konsekwencji analiza przedsiębiorczości imigrantów staje się interesującym polem badawczym. Celem głównym opracowania jest analiza zjawiska przedsiębiorczości wśród imigrantów oraz określenie istotnych obszarów dla dalszych prac badawczych. W ramach tak określonego celu poruszono zagadnienia odnoszące się do zachowań przedsiębiorczych oraz problematyki migracji. Dla potrzeb realizacji celu wykorzystano dostępną literaturę przedmiotu. Odczuwa się pewien niedosyt w zakresie prowadzonych badań, szczególnie pogłębionych, kompleksowych. W niektórych krajach (np. Grecja) można zauważyć wyższy wskaźnik samozatrudnienie wśród rdzennych mieszkańców, natomiast w innych (np. Polska) wśród imigrantów. Można przypuszczać, że na taki obraz mają wpływ z jednej strony bariery przedsiębiorcze dla emigrantów (kapitał, ograniczenia formalno-prawne), a z drugiej skłonność rodzimych mieszkańców do prowadzenia własnej firmy. Powstaje pytanie, na ile te różnice są wynikiem zachowań przedsiębiorczych, ograniczeń formalno-prawnych, wymuszonej przedsiębiorczości. Poznanie motywów migracji wśród przedsiębiorców imigrantów, z uwzględnieniem narodowości imigrantów oraz branży, w której działają w poszczególnych krajach, pozwoliłoby na formułowanie precyzyjnych wniosków.

Gulliver's Travels: Michael Moore the Explorer in Who to Invade Next

America is identified as a nation of immigrants. These immigrants are thought to be the source of its subcultures. It is also a nation of individual explorers and inventors. Their activities are also a source of diverse subcultures. Many notable movies have made heroes of such innovators in different fields of endeavor. Michael Moore's movie Who to Invade Next is a documentary about his trips to other countries in search of more successful institutions of work, education, health services, and incarceration. The premise of the movie is Moore has come to invade the other countries and steal the secrets of their successes in order to reform similar American institutions. Moore finds only mild amusement rather than amazement from his “victims.” He discovers the advances he attributes to other countries were originally American innovations, adopted in other societies but abandoned in America, which has become strangely timid about progress and reform.

Towards empirical comparison of immigrant integration across nations

ABSTRACTThe ambitious attempt by Richard Alba and Nancy Foner to provide a comprehensive empirical analysis of immigrant integration across several immigration nations – namely the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, France, Germany and the Netherlands – concludes that low-status immigrant groups are marginal across all of these countries, and overall none of them stands out as particularly positive or negative. At the same time, some countries perform better than others on specific dimensions of integration, offset by less-favourable results on others. Dimensions examined include employment and economic mobility, overall economic well-being, residential inclusion, overcoming marginality based on race and religion, access to citizenship and political power, education for the children of immigrants, inter-group marriages and identification with the national society. The complexity of the analysis is daunting, and troubled in some aspects by empirical and methodological issues. The effort nonetheless moves the field forward substantially, and defines a new agenda for future research.

ESL in Australia – A chequered history

A historical perspective of English as a second or additional language (ESL/EAL) in Australia reveals the field as in a constant state of flux, in spite of Australia’s status as a nation of immigrants. This paper provides a contemporary review of the various phases of English language teaching in Australia for both adults and school-aged learners. It does so in the context of earlier pro-British monolingual attitudes, external global forces, ongoing changes in education policy, more recent national assessment regimes and the various global and local developments in the teaching of second languages. Historically the impetus for teaching English as a Second Language came with large-scale post-World War II arrivals from Europe. Language support for child migrants was only introduced some time later and has continued, although decreasing in availability in recent years. From the 1970s, more focussed programs were instigated with the arrival of refugees from war-torn countries. In this paper we describe the constant changes experienced by the providers and the recipients of English language instruction in Australia. Theoretically, the development of ESL instruction in Australia began with an essentially post-colonial perspective whereby the process of assimilation focussed on normalising the difference and/or deficit of non-English speakers and attaining the language skills of normative white middle-class native speakers (Pavlenko, 2003). Despite various investments in multiculturalism, the non-native English speaker in Australia remains the ‘other’, subject to sometimes intermittent and ad hoc funded assistance.

Framing the Public Discourse Across Time: National Issues Forums Guides on Immigration in the U.S. (1986-2013)

This paper analyzes the National Issues Forums issue guides on immigration in order to understand how the NIF frames the issue deliberatively. Ideograph analysis is used to identify key terms in the immigration issue guides from 1986, 1994, 2003, and 2013 in order to uncover the cultural worldview surrounding immigration. The two key contrasting terms identified are a “nation of immigrants” and “illegal immigrants,” and the strong contradiction between these terms is offered as an explanation for the instability surrounding immigration in the public discourse. Since the choice work conceptual frame utilizes multiple competing ideographs to discuss immigration, a productive tension is maintained, allowing for a nonpartisan deliberative framework that encourages public dialogue and limits polarization.

Crossing Borders, Changing Places: Immigrant America In A World On The Move

The world is increasingly on the move. In 2013, the United Nations reported that there were 232 million international migrants worldwide, most of whom were born in the global South and migrated to the global North, reflecting widening global inequalities and intractable conflicts. These largely self-selected border crossers represent 3% of humanity; the other 97% are stayers, living in the countries where they were born. Their “changing places” are sites not only of cultural and demographic transformations, but also of social and political collisions that predictably elicit a range of nativist and exclusionary responses. More immigrants—a fifth of the world’s total—go to the United States than to any other country. This essay focuses on the story of “Immigrant America” over the past half century—from its historic nadir in 1970 to its resurgence as a Nation of Immigrants and now to Deportation Nation—from the Great Inclusion to the Great Expulsion. I examine the historic transformation of the U.S. into a new nation of immigrants along two narrative axes—diversity and inequality. The subtitle is a double entendre, referring at once to the country and to our book Immigrant America—new editions of which have been written and published in each of the past four decades as we seek continuously to grapple with a vertiginously changing world and with this “permanently unfinished” moving target of a society.

Whither US Immigration?

The US is the nation of immigration, with almost 20 percent of the world’s international migrants and half of the unauthorized migrants in industrial countries. Debates over the best package of enforcement, legalization, and guest workers to deal with illegal migration continue to divide Americans and Congress. These differences were sharpened in the run-up to elections in November 2016.

Americanization Now and Then: The “Nation of Immigrants” in the Early Twentieth and Twenty-First Centuries

Whereas in 1915 Theodore Roosevelt could proclaim with great conviction that there was no room in the United States for hyphenated Americans, today it is common for Americans to identify precisely as hyphenated Americans, proud of their ethnic heritage. And whilst in 2015 the debate on undocumented immigration is perceived to have reached crisis point, the US continues to project itself as a “nation of immigrants.” These reversals and contradictions in American political discourse are scrutinized here in a historical survey of the Americanization movement of a hundred years ago and the concept of the “nation of immigrants” that originated with John F. Kennedy in the Cold War sixty years later. In the analysis of primary and key historiographical sources on twentieth-century American immigration, a change from ethnic shame to ethnic pride is tracked down, revealing both the long-term effects of Americanization as a programme of social engineering and the ongoing ideological work that the “nation of immigrants” slogan performs for American national identity.

Morbidity, Self-Perceived Health and Mortality Among non-Western Immigrants and Their Descendants in Denmark in a Life Phase Perspective.

To enable preventive policies to address health inequity across ethnic groups, this review overviews the current knowledge on morbidity, self-perceived health and mortality among non-Western immigrants and their descendants in Denmark. A systematic search in PUBMED, SCOPUS, Embase and Cochrane as well as in national databases was undertaken. The final number of publications included was 45. Adult immigrants had higher morbidity, but lower mortality compared to ethnic Danes. Immigrant children had higher mortality and morbidity compared to ethnic Danes. Immigrants' health is critical to reach the political goals of integration. Despite non-Western immigrants' higher morbidity than ethnic Danes, no national strategy targeting immigrants' health has been implemented. Future research should include elderly immigrants and children, preferably employing a life-course perspective to enhance understanding of parallel processes of societal adaptation and health.

Mae M. Ngai, Impossible Subjects: Illegal Aliens and the Making of Modern America

Impossible Subjects, Mae Ngai’s award-winning essay, explores the origins of new categories of non-citizens shaped by American law and society from 1924 to 1965. Positioned at the crossroads of immigration history, ethnic and law studies, Impossible Subjects can be understood as a test of the validity regarding the American claims, past or present, to be a nation of immigrants, a melting pot, a land of inclusion. It is not so much the history of immigration and the “poor huddled masses” passi...

Healthy Skepticism or Corrosive Cynicism? New Insights into the Roots and Results of Latino Political Cynicism

The degree to which citizens and residents trust the government is crucial for the maintenance of democracy and a stable civil society. Trust in government generates willingness to conform to rules and regulations, as well as to work within the democratic system rather than turning to more confrontational or even violent political action. The degree to which immigrants trust the government has symbolic importance, reflecting how well we are staying true to our history as a melting pot and to our history as a nation of immigrants. Residents need to feel safe to contact authorities in case of emergency, without threat of deportation or other negative reprisals related to their immigration status. Existing research finds that Latinos in the United States are increasingly cynical, threatening various negative consequences for the political system. The health of our democracy thus demands a good understanding of the causes and consequences of Latino immigrant trust in government (or lack thereof). This article compares Latino trust in government in the context of the 2012 presidential election campaign—one in which outreach to Latino citizens in pursuit of their votes signaled that they were important and powerful members of the polity—to Latino trust in government in the context of the 2006 immigration marches—one in which Latinos found themselves taking to the streets to protest anti-Latino and anti-immigrant legislation. Latino political trust is sensitive to this shifting context, suggesting that how U.S. society treats Latino immigrants has powerful effects on their political socialization and attitudes.

The Lhotsampa in Australia: Their Spirituality for Coping and Resilience

The Lhotsampa are one of the three main ethnic groups that make up the population of Bhutan, a nation of immigrants. Despite having been granted full citizenship following the promulgation of the Citizenship Act of 1958, a period of instability for the Lhotsampa ensued with the rise of power and status of the Lhotsampa coupled with the ascension to the throne of the fourth monarch, King Jigme Singye Wangchuck, who instituted policies ostensibly aimed at retaining ‘Bhutanese’ culture (Evans, R. 2010. ‘The Perils of being a Borderland People: On the Lhotshampas of Bhutan’. Contemporary South Asia, Vol. 18 (1): 26). This instability, marked by oppressive policies and overt discrimination, eventually resulted in either the expulsion or the flight of over 100,000 Lhotsampa people. Following more than 20 years in refugee camps in Nepal, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) commenced the resettlement of the Lhotsampa in 2007 in host countries throughout the world including Australia, the US, the Netherlands, Canada, Denmark, New Zealand, Norway and the UK ( Benson, G. O., F. Sun, D. R. Hodge and D. K. Androff. 2011. ‘Religious Coping and Acculturation Stress among Hindu Bhutanese: A Study of Newly-resettled Refugees in the United States’. International Social Work, Vol. 55 (4):: 539). This study examines the spiritual coping and subsequent resilience that the Lhotsampa refugees have succeeded in developing, not only at the loss of their homeland, the lack of citizenship and the adverse effects of refugee existence but also the difficult process of third country resettlement. Facing the difficulties of rebuilding lives in vastly differing Western cultures, this article examines the role(s) that spirituality plays in the development of resilience that facilitates positive outcomes, which the Lhotsampa are demonstrating. Themes of spirituality are identified and the way in which the Lhotsampa utilises their spirituality within these themes are also explored. Finally, the implications for contemporary social work practice will be considered. In particular, this article considers the strengths perspective for culturally competent, spiritually inclusive practice.

Key Design Features of the 2012 Latino Immigrant National Election Study

The Latino Immigrant National Election Study (LINES), conducted in two installments during the fall of 2012, is a nationally representative telephone survey of foreign-born adult residents of the United States who emigrated from one of the Spanish-speaking countries of Latin America. The Russell

A Different Hue of the Gender Gap: Latino Immigrants and Political Conservatism in the United States

Using the 2012 Latino Immigrant National Election Study, we investigate gender differences in the liberal-conservative identification of Latino immigrants. We assess differences between Latino immigrant men and women in ideological ratings and consider two explanations for a different hue of the gender gap in political ideology. One emphasizes women’s greater social conservatism compared with men; the second considers whether and how gender differences in political ideology shift with longer U.S. residence. We find that Latinas are more politically conservative than Latinos, net of other factors, and that relationships between different social issue predictors, or length of U.S. residence, and liberal-conservative self-identification are gendered.