National Ideology Research Articles

Специфика гиперболы в политической сатире на Адольфа Гитлера (на материале художественного фильма Чарли Чаплина “The Great Dictator”)

The purpose of the study is to determine the role of hyperbole in the formation of the satirical image of Adolf Hitler in the context of the American feature film “The Great Dictator” in 1940. The article analyzes the hyperbole in the replicas of the characters of Charlie Chaplin’s film “The Great Dictator”, and also determines the influence of this technique on the viewer’s perception. It is shown that the exaggeration of cruelty and absurdity in the characters’ remarks contributes to the creation of a caricature image of the dictator. It is revealed that hyperbole not only emphasizes the absurdity of the dictator’s actions, but also serves as a means to reveal the cynical attitude of the totalitarian regime towards human life. It is noted that the exaggeration of aspects of Nazi ideology contributes to the formation of a critical perception of dictatorial power among viewers. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the primary identification and detailed analysis of hyperbole as a key means of forming a satirical image of a dictator, as well as in determining the impact of this technique on the viewer’s perception of a political figure. The results showed that exaggerating the aspects of cruelty, absurdity and cynicism of political actions makes it possible to create a grotesque image of dictators, which contributes to viewers’ understanding of the destructive nature of totalitarian ideologies.

Reconceptualising Peace, Resisting Stigma

Abstract Much has been written about minorities in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq, yet Kurdish Gypsies have been consistently overlooked in various analyses of conflict, the socio-political arena, peacebuilding, and development. This paper is rooted in qualitative research conducted throughout early 2023 among a Kurdish Gypsy clan who self-identify as Hosta. The research is contextualized by the complicated nature of identity within a dominant Kurdish nationalist ideology which presents the KRI as a beacon of equity and cohesion. The paper utilizes an interdisciplinary theoretical framework to explore Hosta experiences of peace as characterized by structural violence and social (in)cohesion. Indicators of peace identified by Hosta in response to the degradation and poverty which they currently experience are presented alongside Hosta reactions and practices of everyday resistance to their enforced social positionality at the very bottom of the KRI’s hierarchy of citizenship.

Critiquing ‘Nation’ as an Ideological Construct in Amitav Ghosh’s The Hungry Tide

The ideas of nation, nation-state and nationalism have been debated and contested. Nations emerge and recede, or, in many cases, are made to submerge into hegemonic nationalist ideologies. This study examines the ideas of nation, nation-state and nationalism in Amitav Ghosh’s The Hungry Tide (2004) through the prism of Ernesto Laclau and Chantal Mouffe’s discourse theory. While doing so, this article will keep the concept of ideology as the central analytical reference point. Ghosh works through a variety of themes and concerns of the human as well as the natural world in this novel, most of which are deliberately excluded from the discussion in this article. Only a section of the book that may be termed as the ‘textualization’ of the Marichjhapi massacre of 1979 in West Bengal has been critically dealt with. In Ghosh’s The Hungry Tide, when refugee settlers begin to build a ‘Dalit nation’ for themselves, an antagonistic nationalist ideology emerges, challenging the hegemony of the discourse of the Indian nation-state. Will this emerging antagonistic ideology succeed against the nationalistic ideology of the Indian nation-state and be finally hegemonic? The study shall thoroughly investigate this postulation.

Desired language: languages as objects of national ideology

Desired language: languages as objects of national ideology

Banal nationalism in translation: a case study of Egypt’s National Center for translation

ABSTRACT Michael Billig’s theory of banal nationalism describes mundane practices that implicitly flag and reproduce nationhood. This article applies his theory within Translation Studies by examining the role of the National Center for Translation in Egypt’s nation-building processes. While ‘hot nationalism’, often appearing in times of conflict and crisis, dominates translation research, the article shifts the perspective toward subtler processes of everyday nationalism. Three methodological implications arise from this study. First, it expands the scope of translation history to include routine translation activities that reinforce national identity over time. Second, it suggests a relational approach linking such mundane practices to broader ideological phenomena. Third, it deploys the conceptual tools of banal nationalism to uncover how translation discreetly conveys nationalist ideologies. In arguing for these implications, the study analyzes three of the Center’s translations. The analysis shows that Sufism and Deconstruction promotes religious nationalism by categorizing Sufism as enlightened Islam, which aligns with the state’s preferences. The Journey of the Holy Family in Egypt constructs a narrative of cultural justice by depicting Egypt as a sanctuary for the oppressed and minorities. The October Victory in Israeli Documents embeds narratives of military victory into the national consciousness to sustain a memory of triumph.

Partisan Prejudice: The Role of Beliefs About the Unchanging Nature of Ideology and Partisans.

Although there is a tendency to think all forms of essentialism-the belief that characteristics are inherent and unchangeable-are similar, some theories suggest different foundations and outcomes. We investigated if belief systems about the stability of political ideology (trait essentialism) and the fundamental nature of partisans (social essentialism) predict prejudice in opposite ways and if they do so via differential relations with blame. Across six studies (N = 2,231), we found that the more people believe the trait of political ideology is fixed (trait essentialism), the more they think that Republicans and Democrats are inherently different (social essentialism). Crucially, despite this positive correlation, trait essentialism was negatively linked to partisan prejudice and social essentialism was positively linked. The essentialism to prejudice links were driven, in part, by differential associations with blame attributions. Media messaging robustly influenced both types of essentialist thinking, with implications for prejudice.

Hype in the Public Communication of Science-Intensive Entrepreneurship: An Analysis of the Spanish Radio Show ‘Los Revolucionarios’

This paper investigates the phenomenon of hype in the public communication of science-intensive entrepreneurship. It analyses 70 episodes of the Spanish radio show ‘Los Revolucionarios’, encompassing the two complete seasons of emissions (2022–2024). It conducts a content analysis that aims to determine the main features of the companies whose technologies are showcased in ‘Los Revolucionarios’, to elucidate whether ‘Los Revolucionarios’ conveys a hyped representation of science-intensive entrepreneurship, and, finally, to disclose whether nationalist ideologies may underpin the content of the show. The main conclusion is that science-intensive entrepreneurship has been greatly ‘hyped’ in ‘Los Revolucionarios’. The primary indicator in this respect is that the frequency of mentions to benefits or advantages of the technologies showcased trebles the number of references to risks, threats or limitations. Results from other analytic categories lend further support to this conclusion. In turn, the analysis refutes our preliminary hypothesis that there might be a nationalist component underpinning the content of ‘Los Revolucionarios’, thus nuancing and qualifying the findings made in previous studies. The ultimate aim of this paper is to lay the groundwork for more theoretically and empirically oriented research that addresses the public communication of science and technology from a critical perspective.

The impact of the Islamic Community processes on Bosniak Emigration through the analysis of the journal Bosanski pogledi

The paper analyzes the role of the journal „Bosanski pogledi” in the context of the processes within the Islamic Community (IVZ) during the 1960s, a period when Reis-ul-Ulema Sulejman ef. Kemura led this religious institution. He was referred to as the “red reis” by defeated circles both within and outside of Yugoslavia. The ahistorical label “red” served to indicate the proximity of Reis-ul-Ulema Kemura and by extension, the Islamic Community to the Yugoslav state leadership. With the establishment of the Democratic Federative Yugoslavia (from 1946, FNRJ), Bosnian-Herzegovinian Muslims experienced a profound political and national transformation. Real and potential opponents of the regime were removed from political life, and cultural and religious institutions faced a similar fate. Yugoslav communism sought to eliminate autonomy and any distinctiveness in relation to the state. The preservation of complete autonomy and distinctiveness concerning the state apparatus after World War II appeared to be an unattainable goal, given the nature of communist ideology. During this period, the Islamic Community found itself in a precarious situation. The staff and infrastructural disintegration resulting from World War II accelerated the process of the state apparatus gaining control over this institution. The unfavorable financial situation of the Islamic Community and its officials was cleverly exploited by the state through a carrot-and-stick approach. Within the Islamic Community, a group of religious officials emerged who represented the interests of the state, and thus those of the Islamic Community. Discontent with the developments, defeated circles of Bosnian-Herzegovinian Muslims, who escaped death during the revolutionary upheaval and continued their national-political mission abroad, expressed critical views towards the newly established leadership of the Islamic Community. This politically negative stance towards the leadership represented actors from the political life of the Independent State of Croatia. Initially, the criticism of the Islamic Community’s leadership came from Muslims who identified as Croats, with the ultimate goal of reinstating the Croatian state. The later emergence of Bosniak emigration, initiated by Adil Zulfikarpašić, adopted the principle of criticizing the Islamic Community as reflected in „Bosanski pogledi”, but did not seek the dismantling of Yugoslavia. „Bosanski pogledi” systematically reported on events within the Islamic Community, violations of religious freedoms, and the interference of the state leadership in the institution’s operations. During the years when „Bosanski pogledi” was published, contacts were reactivated with emigration, involving individuals from the interwar and wartime periods of Muslim civic politics who had previously been sentenced by communist courts. The editorial board of „Bosanski pogledi” obtained sensitive materials through dissatisfied individuals in the homeland, which were later published in the journal, alongside elaborations on the difficult position of the central religious institution of Yugoslav Muslims. To achieve a comprehensive understanding of this topic, it is necessary to analyze several components, including the conditions within the Islamic Community before the emergence of „Bosanski pogledi” and the situation among Bosnian-Herzegovinian Muslims in emigration. A significant question arises: was the initial orientation of Bosnian-Herzegovinian Muslims towards Serbian or Croatian emigration a historical reality or a necessity? The research subject spans the period from 1945 to 1967, when the last issue of „Bosanski pogledi” in emigration was published.

Between east and west, between past and future: The effects of exclusive historical victimhood on geopolitical attitudes in Hungary and Serbia.

In Eastern Europe, collective victim beliefs have become integral elements of national ideologies, especially amid rising geopolitical polarization. In this study, we investigated how exclusive victimhood was related to geopolitical attitudes in Hungary and Serbia. The study involved Serbian (N = 630) and Hungarian (N = 471) adult national samples stratified by gender, age, political orientation, and place of residence. As expected, exclusive victimhood predicted higher support for a geopolitical shift from the West (i.e., EU and US) to the East (i.e., Russia and China) via Euroscepticism in both samples. In Serbia, the strongest indirect effect was observed among participants with neutral attitudes towards the war in Ukraine. In Hungary, there was no expected moderated mediation while the direct effect of exclusive victimhood on the West-to-East geopolitical shift was largest for pro-Russian participants and non-significant for pro-Ukrainian participants. Different measures of ethnic identity showed no expected moderation effect, but an exploratory analysis revealed that exclusive victimhood partially mediated the relationship between identity measures (superiority and attachment) and support for a pro-Eastern (vs. pro-Western) geopolitical orientation. We discuss how the construals of the past based on exclusive victimhood shape future geopolitical preferences of the public in Hungary and Serbia.

THE ROLE OF SPIRITUALITY IN IMPROVING PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT

The article analyzes the role of spirituality in the development of personal growth and how individuals with high spirituality act as promoters of national ideology, serving as important tools in the development of society. The article also explores how spirituality helps shape a person's inner world, spirit, and moral values, which play a key role in promoting national ideology—namely, advocating for the interests, history, and traditions of one's nation. Additionally, the article examines the conditions and factors necessary for increasing youth activism, the role of youth in the development of society, the relationship between democracy and spiritual factors, and the importance of spiritual growth for young people.

현대소설의 일본어계 어휘 사용 양상에 관한 일고찰 : 박경리 『토지』와 최명희 『혼불』의 계량적 비교 분석

Vocabulary encompasses everything in a literary work. Examining the usage patterns of the fundamental vocabulary that constitutes a work provides a concrete and empirical basis for evaluating the claims of various research perspectives. Therefore, vocabulary analysis in a text is a crucial research method for exploring the context of a literary work. In other words, analyzing the lexical patterns in literary works provides insights into the themes, era, and authors' writing styles. This paper aims to examine the use of Japanese vocabulary in Honbul and Toji , both set during the Japanese colonial period in Korea. Toji actively incorporates Japanese vocabulary written in Hangul, reflecting the specific realities of Japanese imperialism and emphasizing themes like the tragedy of colonialism, anti-Japanese sentiment, and nationalist ideology. In contrast, Honbul uses Japanese vocabulary sparingly, portraying the colonial period as a dark age symbol rather than emphasizing it through language. Choi's work limits Japanese expressions to commonly known terms, thereby making them accessible to readers. This comparative lexical analysis not only provides an empirical basis for interpreting these works but also sheds light on the use of the Japanese language in contemporary Korean literature.

I DO NOT KNOW

A growing number of Indonesian young people, both on campuses and social media, are identifying as agnostics. However, many do so without fully understanding what agnosticism means, often seeing it as an anti-mainstream alternative to atheism. This trend presents a challenge for educators, particularly in Christian schools and universities, who must engage with these students effectively. In the Indonesian context, this issue is further complicated by Pancasila, which upholds belief in God as national ideology. This essay uses recent literature to introduce the basic tenets of agnosticism, identify types of agnosticism, and offer educators practical strategies – from theology, philosophy, and psychology – to foster deeper understanding of this issue in schools.

Are local policy attitudes distinct?

Abstract Scholars disagree as to whether Americans’ attitudes toward local issues are structured ideologically and whether these are related to national policy ideology. We use two surveys of American adults to assess whether and to what extent Americans' local policy attitudes exhibit a similar structure as do national policy attitudes. We find that items asking about local policy are just as likely to reflect a latent dimension of policy preferences as those asking about national policy. Additionally, when local and national items are scaled separately, those scales are highly correlated. Our findings indicate that attitudes toward many local issues are aligned with national ideology. A smaller subset of attitudes about local issues appears distinctively local and possibly structured by non-ideological cleavages.

Romanticizing Caste in Gaadi and Alborada: An Analysis of Two Contemporary Sri Lankan Films

This paper critically assesses Prasanna Vithanage’s Gaadi (2019) and Asoka Handagama’s Alborada (2021) as sites of uncontested reproductions of caste hierarchy, which reestablish hierarchical caste and gender relations, unraveling the nexus between patriarchy and caste. It investigates how Vithanage and Handagama have employed myth and history in film, in a context where Sri Lankan film makers have used historical discourse to validate hegemonic Sinhala nationalist formations. It examines to what extent Vithanage and Handagama succumb to nationalist ideology and thereby legitimize caste, class, and gender inequality, or whether they unravel the violence and coercion inflicted upon women for the maintenance of caste and patriarchy. Drawing upon postcolonial feminism which examines the linkages between caste and gender, this paper contends that despite the films’ move to romanticize caste and reinforce and validate existing caste stereotypes, they nevertheless demonstrate the ways in which women resist, contest and negotiate patriarchal power, however minimal.

Between deep comradeship and nationalism: The social dynamics of solidarity on the battlefield

AbstractThis article explores the social mechanisms that facilitate the transformation of micro‐level bonds into coherent nationalist narratives of solidarity. The aim is to explain the paradox: while the armed forces are highly nationalist institutions, most ordinary combatants detest nationalist rhetoric on the battlefield. Drawing on the interviews with the combatants who fought in the 1991–1995 wars in Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina together with the analysis of the mass media reports, I examine how deep bonds of micro‐solidarity forged in the violent experiences are transformed into coherent nationalist discourses. I explore how social ties generated in the protracted face‐to‐face interactions can be enveloped by the specific social organisations and then ‘translated’ into nationalist ideologies that project deep comradeship as ‘national solidarities’. I aim to show that the direct war experience does not automatically generate strong bonds of national solidarity. Instead, nationalism is always a product of protracted coercive‐organisational, ideological and micro‐interactional work.

Constructed Identities and Dueling Ideologies: Reading Ancient Israelite Foreign Oracles as Ideological Critique

Abstract This article aims to advance understanding of foreign nation oracles in the hb/ot by analyzing how many such oracles focus, more precisely, on subgroups within the polities named and direct their critique against that group’s articulation and enactment of imperialistic or nationalistic ideologies. The article first draws upon sociology and critical discourse analysis to sketch a theoretical perspective in which to analyze such oracles, then heuristically explores nation oracles in several prophetic books to illuminate the significance of their double focus on subgroups associated with ideologies which, as discourses of power, definitively validate and vindicate their proponents over against the Other. The article concludes with reflections on the value of ideologically-sensitive interpretation of prophetic oracles concerning foreign groups in light of this phenomenon’s overlap with sociology, imperialism, ideological critique, and justice.

Collectivization as a page of history and its place in the national ideology of modern Russia

The article substantiates the necessity of the national ideology of the modern Russian Federation to be based on adequate representations of most important events of the Soviet period of the country’s history. Russian historiography will inevitably form a system of such representations in the near future. The authors confidently position collectivization of the peasant village as the central of the events in question, showing why the Soviet version of collectivization is approximately as far from the historical truth as the ideological interpretation of the 90s, which arrived to substitute the so-called «Marxism-Leninism». Local history investigations and family chronicles contain one of the principal proofs of this, confirming the consistence of Peasant Studies as a tool for historical and sociological research.

Spanish (Neo-)Party Press: The Case of the Digital Native Newspaper La Última Hora and Podemos

ABSTRACT This paper argues that the traditional party press model is currently making a comeback, due to social polarisation, digital technologies and the online-only press, whose partisan and ideological nature provides a favourable context for media outlets acting at the service of a specific political party. In Spain, the consolidation of the online-only press has coincided with the breakdown of the two-party system, leading to the appearance of La Última Hora Noticias (LUH), a digital native newspaper that defines itself as independent, but whose discourse is identifiable with the position of political party Podemos, in what can be regarded as a sort of “neo-party press”. This paper aims to shed light on this trend by analysing LUH in terms of the characteristics of the traditional party press, the topics that it covers, the frequency with which it mentions Podemos and its leaders and how it represents them, and the different parties that it defends or criticises. The results reveal that LUH uses party-press techniques, clearly identifies with Podemos’ political interests, and resorts to formulas that are closer to propaganda than to political journalism.

State Policy in the Tourism Field of Ukraine: Socio-Humanitarian Priorities of Development and Post-War Recovery

In the reviewed monograph “State policy in the tourism field of Ukraine: socio-humanitarian dimension”, the author Alla Havryliuk offers to use the marketing paradigm of promoting domestic tourism as a national ideology, as well as a tool of management and territory development. New directions of state policy implementation in conditions of decentralisation, focused on promoting key tourist identifiers of the locality are presented, such as types of tourism, image, brand, reputation, souvenir branding and intangible cultural heritage.

Image restoration strategies in pandemic crisis communication: a comparative analysis of Chinese and American COVID-19 political speeches

This study explores the effectiveness of image restoration strategies in pandemic crisis communication at the highest levels of administration. By integrating corpus-assisted discourse analysis with Image Repair Theory, it aims to uncover the prevailing strategies adopted by Chinese and American leaders to restore or enhance a positive national image in the post-COVID era. Lancsbox 6.0 was utilized to extract excerpts and analyze linguistic devices from a self-built corpus of 144 political speeches delivered by top leaders in China and the United States. The results reveal that Chinese leaders, through the use of shared image restoration strategies such as bolstering and transcendence, shape a positive national image of a responsible country. In contrast, American leaders construct a confident and ambitious national image, projecting a leading geopolitical role in the world. These strategies have distinct features that contribute to the image restoration process. Apart from contributing significantly to the comparative research on Chinese and American pandemic-related political speeches, the research findings carry implications for the practice and promotion of national ideologies. The study also highlights the diverse ways in which credible and accurate crisis messages are employed, providing valuable insights for handling pandemics or other crises in the foreseeable or distant future.