National Strategy Research Articles

The Role of AI in Predicting and Mitigating Climate Change: A Comparative Study of U.S. and China’s Approaches

Climate change is undeniably one of the most critical challenges facing the world today. It demands innovative solutions, especially in the realms of prediction and mitigation. Among the tools that offer significant promise is Artificial Intelligence (AI), which is reshaping the landscape of climate science by improving forecasting models, enhancing renewable energy systems, and driving policy changes towards sustainability. However, how AI is utilized to address climate change varies dramatically between countries, influenced by distinct governance structures, technological priorities, and institutional setups. This study offers a comparative analysis of the United States and China, two global powerhouses in the fields of AI and climate action. The research explores how these two nations, despite sharing similar climate objectives, adopt different strategies based on their political, economic, and technological contexts. The US tends to rely on decentralized, market-driven innovation, while China employs a more centralized, state-guided approach. These differences significantly impact the deployment of AI in critical areas like climate modeling, emissions monitoring, and energy optimization. The analysis is framed within the context of comparative institutionalism and technological innovation systems, which provide the theoretical underpinnings to explore the influence of political, economic, and technological factors on climate strategies. The findings of this study reveal that while the US thrives on innovation driven by the private sector, leading to the development of cutting-edge AI tools, China benefits from a unified national strategy that ensures rapid implementation on a large scale. Both models have distinct advantages and drawbacks, ultimately shaping each country’s contribution to the global fight against climate change. This paper concludes with a discussion on the implications of these findings for global cooperation in AI governance, highlighting the importance of international collaboration to fully harness AI’s potential for climate mitigation. This research thus contributes to the ongoing conversation around AI’s role in fostering sustainable development, offering practical insights and shedding light on how global political contexts influence technological solutions for the climate crisis.

Global burden of bacterial skin diseases from 1990 to 2045: an analysis based on global burden disease data.

Bacterial skin diseases are a category of inflammatory skin conditions caused by bacterial infections, which impose a significant global disease burden. However, they have not been well assessed or predicted on a global scale. It is necessary to update the estimates and forecast future trends of the global burden of bacterial skin diseases to evaluate the impact of past healthcare policies and to provide guidance and information for new national and international healthcare strategies. We aimed to describe the burden and trend of bacterial skin diseases and to predict the burden up to 2045. To achieve this, we employed a cross-sectional analysis based on Global Burden of Disease (GBD) data, utilizing advanced statistical models to quantify trends and forecast future burdens. Data on incidence and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of bacterial skin diseases were obtained from Global Burden of Disease 2021. We used average annual percent change (AAPC) by Joinpoint Regression to quantify the temporal trends. We conducted decomposition analysis to understand the contribution of aging, epidemiological changes, and population growth. Bayesian Age-Period-Cohort model was used to predict burden up to 2045. Global incidence rate of bacterial skin diseases increased from 8,988.74 per 100,000 in 1990 to 10,823.88 per 100,000, with AAPC of 0.62% (0.61 ~ 0.63%). The highest incidence rate was in low Socio-demographic Index (SDI) region and population aged < 35. The DALYs rate increased from 20.82 per 100,000 in 1990 to 25.45 per 100,000 in 2021, with AAPC of -0.11% (-0.34 ~ 0.13%). The highest increase of DALYs was in high SDI region and population aged > 85. Among the three evaluated factors of decomposition analysis, the major drivers of incident case rise were population growth, followed by epidemiological changes; the major drivers of DALYs case rise were population growth, followed by aging. The number of incidence cases has increased since 1990, reaching nearly 90million in 2021 and expected to hit 1.2billion in 2045. The incidence rate has also risen. Meanwhile, DALYs showed an upward trend from 1990 to 2005, peaking at 32/100,000, then a downward trend. Our findings align with our initial objectives, demonstrating a significant increase in the global incidence of bacterial skin diseases and highlighting the need for targeted prevention and treatment strategies. The variation in burden across different regions and age groups underscores the importance of tailored public health interventions. Predictive models suggest a continued rise in incidence rates and incident cases through 2045, emphasizing the urgency for action. This study provides a foundation for future research and policy development aimed at reducing the burden of bacterial skin diseases worldwide.

Use of vascular access methods for hemodialysis in Serbia: Results from SerbVasc registry.

In many countries, hemodialysis is still the most common method of renal replacement. Significant regional variations exist in creating and maintaining vascular access for hemodialysis. Therefore, analyzing national registries with vascular access data is essential for developing effective national treatment strategies. The Serbian national vascular surgery registry was established as part of the VascuNet collaboration network in 2019. The registry comprehensively records vascular procedures across Serbia, including those related to vascular access for hemodialysis. This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of different vascular access methods for hemodialysis in Serbia, focusing on both new and prevalent patients and examining demographic differences and risk factors. The data were collected from the vascular accesses section of the SerbVasc registry over a 3-year observational period, focusing on the following aspects: number of incident and prevalent patients with types of vascular access, as well as comparison of patients with arteriovenous fistulas (AVF), arteriovenous grafts (AVG), central venous catheters (CVC), and tCVC based on age, gender, smoking, and comorbidities. There were total of 1024 incident hemodialysis patients. AVF was created in 219 patients (21.4%), AVG in 5 patients (0.5%), and tCVC in 150 patients (14.6%), while hemodialysis via CVC was initiated in 650 (63.5%) patients. The total number of permanent vascular accesses for HD was 1402, comprising 686 (48.9%) distal AFVs, 220 (15.7%) proximal AVFs, 91 (6.4%) AVGs, and 405 (28.8%) tCVCs. The prevalence of current smoking was highest in the tCVC (48.3%) and lowest in the dAVF group (18.40%). The percentage of patients starting hemodialysis with AVF remains suboptimal. tCVC is used substantially as first and permanent access, particularly among older patients.

Latent class analysis of the capacity of countries to manage diabetes and its relationship with diabetes-related deaths and healthcare costs

BackgroundThe prevalence of diabetes is escalating globally, underscoring the need for comprehensive evidence to inform health systems in effectively addressing this epidemic. The purpose of this study was to examine the patterns of countries’ capacity to manage diabetes using latent class analysis (LCA) and to determine whether the patterns are associated with diabetes-related deaths and healthcare costs.MethodsEight indicators of country-level capacity were drawn from the World Health Organization Global Health Observatory dataset: the widespread availability of hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) testing, existence of diabetes registry, national diabetes management guidelines, national strategy for diabetes care, blood glucose testing, diabetic retinopathy screening, sulfonylureas, and metformin in the public health sector. We performed LCA of these indicators, testing 1–5 class solutions, and selecting the best model based on Bayesian Information Criteria (BIC), entropy, corrected Akaike Information Criteria (cAIC), as well as theoretical interpretability. Multivariable linear regression was used to assess the association between capacity to manage diabetes (based on the latent class a country belongs) and diabetes-related deaths and healthcare costs.ResultsWe included 194 countries in this secondary analysis. Countries were classified into “high capacity” (88.7%) and “limited capacity” (11.3%) countries based on the two-class solution of the LCA (entropy = 0.91, cAIC = 1895.93, BIC = 1862.93). Limited capacity countries were mostly in Africa. Limited capacity countries had significantly higher percentage of their deaths attributable to diabetes (adjusted beta = 1.34; 95% CI: 0.15, 2.53; p = 0.027) compared to high capacity countries even after adjusting for income status and diabetes prevalence.ConclusionsOur findings support the report by the Lancet commission on diabetes, which suggests that differences in diabetes outcomes among countries may be explained by variations in the capacity of and investments made in their health systems. Future studies should evaluate initiatives such as the WHO Global Diabetes Compact that are currently underway to improve the capacity of resource-limited countries.

Diabetes in China: epidemiology, pathophysiology and multi-omics.

Although diabetes is now a global epidemic, China has the highest number of affected people, presenting profound public health and socioeconomic challenges. In China, rapid ecological and lifestyle shifts have dramatically altered diabetes epidemiology and risk factors. In this Review, we summarize the epidemiological trends and the impact of traditional and emerging risk factors on Chinese diabetes prevalence. We also explore recent genetic, metagenomic and metabolomic studies of diabetes in Chinese, highlighting their role in pathogenesis and clinical management. Although heterogeneity across these multidimensional areas poses major analytic challenges in classifying patterns or features, they have also provided an opportunity to increase the accuracy and specificity of diagnosis for personalized treatment and prevention. National strategies and ongoing research are essential for improving diabetes detection, prevention and control, and for personalizing care to alleviate societal impacts and maintain quality of life.

A Sociological Perspective on Computer Science in Enhancing Workplace Efficiency: Implications for the Digital Economy and Nation Building

This paper investigates the intersection of sociological perspectives and computer science in the workplace, emphasizing how technology adoption can enhance efficiency and contribute to the digital economy. Through a qualitative analysis of contemporary case studies, the paper highlights the social dynamics affecting technology integration and argues for a holistic approach considering cultural, organizational, and socioeconomic factors in national development strategies.

Predictors of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Prevention in Surabaya, Indonesia

Background: Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) continues to pose a critical public health challenge in Indonesia, characterized by high transmission rates, particularly within household settings. Despite extensive efforts to mitigate the spread of TB, persistent barriers such as low adherence to prevention and treatment protocols hinder progress. Identifying the factors that influence adherence is essential to optimizing the efficacy of intervention strategies. This study aims to investigate the key predictors influencing adherence to preventive measures for pulmonary TB transmission in Surabaya City. Methods: A quantitative research design employing a cross-sectional approach was utilized. Data were collected from 225 pulmonary TB patients attending community health centers in Surabaya City between September and December 2023. The variables examined included demographic characteristics, perceived benefits, barriers, susceptibility, severity, and self-efficacy. Statistical analysis was conducted using multiple logistic regression, with significance set at p&lt;0.05. Results: Significant predictors of adherence included age (p=0.048; OR=0.413), gender (p=0.009; OR=0.328), socioeconomic status (p=0.033; OR=3.052), perceived benefits (p=0.009; OR=10.086), barriers (p=0.007; OR=0.704), and self-efficacy (p=0.005; OR=29.335). Patients aged above 45 years, those reporting higher perceived benefits, and those with greater self-efficacy demonstrated higher adherence to TB prevention measures. These findings underscore the importance of self-efficacy, perceived benefits, and socioeconomic factors as significant determinants of adherence. The study's contribution lies in its exploration of adherence predictors within a high-risk population, offering valuable insights to inform targeted public health interventions. Conclusion: Age, perceived benefits, barriers, and self-efficacy emerged as critical predictors of adherence to pulmonary TB prevention strategies in Surabaya City. Interventions aimed at strengthening self-efficacy and providing targeted educational programs for younger populations are recommended to enhance TB control efforts. Additionally, integrating these findings into broader public health frameworks, such as national TB control strategies, can amplify their impact and contribute to improved health outcomes.

Optimization of Reserve Components' Involvement to Support Disaster Management in Indonesia: A National Defense Policy Perspective

Objective: This study aims to analyze the optimization of Reserve Components' involvement in supporting disaster management in Indonesia through the perspective of national defense policy. It is based on Law No. 23 of 2019 on the Management of National Resources for National Defense. Theoretical Framework: The theoretical framework of this study is based on Total Defense, emphasizing the mobilization of the Reserve Component to address threats, including disasters. Vasovic et al. (2020) highlight the importance of collective awareness, while Shepherd (2013) demonstrates that the involvement of the Reserve Component strengthens national resilience. The survival spirit theory (Zack, 2023) underscores readiness and rapid response in disaster situations. Method: The research method used is descriptive-qualitative. Data collection is carried out through literature studies, reviewing various legal and policy sources, followed by semi-structured interviews with relevant parties, including officials from the Ministry of Defense, BNPB (National Agency for Disaster Management), as well as experts and practitioners in disaster management. Results and Discussion: The results show that reserve components, consisting of civilians, can play a crucial role in addressing various threats, including disasters. As of 2023, there are 9,012 Reserve Component personnel spread across Indonesia. However, the involvement of Reserve Components in disaster management has not yet been implemented, as the mobilization focus has been directed toward military and hybrid threats. The study finds that involving the Reserve Components with all their potential can enhance the effectiveness of disaster response, particularly during emergency response phases and aid distribution, by leveraging the synergy between the military (TNI) and the public. Research Implications: This research underscores the need for specific regulations detailing the Reserve Component's role in disaster management, emphasizing the inclusion of disaster response training in their education. It highlights the importance of regular coordination between the Reserve Component, TNI, BNPB, and local governments to enhance national preparedness, ensuring effective mobilization against non-military threats. Originality/Value: This study offers a unique perspective by positioning the Reserve Component as a vital asset in non-military disaster management. Unlike previous research, it explores the integration of military-trained civilians into national disaster response strategies, contributing valuable insights into optimizing defense policies for enhancing resilience and community preparedness in disaster-prone Indonesia.

Projecting the impact of a national strategy to accelerate stunting prevention in East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia, using the Lives Saved Tool

Stunting remains a critical public health issue in East Nusa Tenggara (ENT), Indonesia, with prevalence rates among the highest in the country, despite national efforts to reduce its occurrence. The aim of this study was to project the impact of the 2018–2024 National Strategy to Accelerate Stunting Prevention on children under five years old in ENT, using the Lives Saved Tool. A cross-sectional approach was employed, integrating data from various sources, including the 2020 Census of Indonesia, the Global Data Lab-Area Database, the Central Bureau of Statistics Republic Indonesia, the National Socioeconomic Survey, the 2017 Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey, the 2018 Basic Health Research, and the 2021 Indonesia Nutrition Status Survey. The analysis considered three scenarios: (1) a baseline scenario reflecting ENT’s 2017 coverage, maintained through 2028; (2) a scenario assuming Indonesia achieves the Health Plan Action Stunting targets; and (3) a projection of stunting rates based on ENT-specific coverage. Under scenarios 1 and 2, the prevalence of stunting was projected to decrease from 40.04% in 2018 to 39.82% and 39.78%, respectively, by 2028, with scenario 3 reflecting a similar trend. The findings revealed a sharp increase in the number of stunting cases averted among children under five years old between 2017 and 2021, followed by a more gradual decline, culminating in the 2028 projections: 2,249 children (scenario 2), 2,130 children (scenario 3), and 1,966 children (scenario 1). Breastfeeding promotion emerged as the most impactful intervention, accounting for over half of the total stunting cases averted under both Indonesia-wide and ENT-specific coverage scenarios. This was followed by interventions such as multiple micronutrient supplementation and vitamin A supplementation. The study highlights that reducing the prevalence of stunting among children requires a comprehensive prioritization of intervention strategies. The implementation of breastfeeding promotion, combined with appropriate complementary feeding practices, is expected to contribute significantly to achieving the sustainable development goal targets.

A Practical Study on the Integration of Excellent Traditional Culture into Senior High School Class Management

With the continuous development of economic globalization, the inheritance and promotion of excellent traditional Chinese culture has become an important part of the current national development strategy. In this context, as an important place and carrier for cultivating outstanding talents in the new era, senior high school integrates traditional culture into class management has become an important direction for school development, which plays a positive role in promoting the development of the era and improving the comprehensive quality of students. Therefore, this paper mainly starts with the connotation and characteristics of traditional culture classics, in-depth analysis of the value of excellent traditional culture in class management work, and discusses the practice path of integrating excellent traditional culture into high school class management, and puts forward corresponding practice methods for student management work, which is only for the reference of relevant people.

Burden of female-specific cancers in China from 1990 to 2021: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.

Breast cancer and reproductive system cancers remain significant public health threats for Chinese women. This study aimed to evaluate the latest epidemiological patterns and trends of four female-specific cancers in China. The year- and age-specific estimates of the incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) associated with breast, cervical, ovarian, and uterine cancers in China from 1990 to 2021 were generated from the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factors 2021 study. The epidemiological characteristics were analyzed with age-period-cohort models. A Bayesian age-period-cohort model was applied to forecast disease burden from 2022 to 2050. In 2021, China reported 385.84 thousand (95% uncertainty interval [UI], 294.10-489.01 thousand) incident cases of female breast cancer, followed by cervical cancer (132.79 thousand [95% UI, 95.96-172.60 thousand]), uterine cancer (72.02 thousand [95% UI, 53.31-100.00 thousand]), and ovarian cancer (41.24 thousand [95% UI, 30.30-54.55 thousand]). Breast cancer ranked as the primary cause of cancer-related deaths, followed by cervical cancer. The age-specific incidence rate for breast, cervical, ovarian, and uterine cancers are projected to occur in the age groups 60-64 years, 55-59 years, 65-69 years, and 60-64 years, respectively. Breast, ovarian, and uterine cancer cases are projected to rise by 2050, which will exceed those recorded in 2021. Various inequities have been identified across four types of cancers affecting women, which underscores the need for tailored national cancer control strategies. Emphasis should be placed on primary prevention and screening for breast and cervical cancers, whereas efforts for uterine and ovarian cancers should focus on implementing early diagnosis and treatment measures. This study examines the burdens and trends of breast, cervical, ovarian, and uterine cancers among Chinese women from 1990 to 2021. In 2021, breast cancer emerged as the most prevalent, followed by cervical, uterine, and ovarian cancers, with breast cancer also exhibiting the highest mortality rate. The age groups projected to exhibit the highest incidence rates for breast, cervical, ovarian, and uterine cancers are 60-64 years, 55-59 years, 65-69 years, and 60-64 years, respectively. Projections indicate that by 2050, the incidence of breast, ovarian, and uterine cancers will surpass 2021 levels, which underscores the necessity for targeted prevention, early detection, and treatment strategies.

Challenges and Prospects of Young Women Entrepreneurs in Rural Bangladesh: A Study on Socio-Cultural Perspective

This study aims to explore the socio-cultural factors influencing young women entrepreneurs in rural Bangladesh, with a focus on uncovering both challenges and opportunities. The study seeks to create insights that align with national women and youth welfare strategies, offering actionable solutions to foster sustainable entrepreneurship. The primary objective of t5his study is to investigate the challenges faced by rural young women entrepreneurs, as well as to assess their socio-demographic status, the sources and impact of challenges, and potential opportunities. Specifically, the study examines the socio-cultural elements, supportive actors, and experiences of women entrepreneurs in rural areas, ultimately proposing policy recommendations for promoting sustainable entrepreneurship. Employing a mixed-method approach, the research integrates a survey of 500 participants from 10 villages and 20 in-depth case studies, ensuring both a broad and nuanced understanding of the issues at hand. The data reveals that 61% of respondents are married, with 42% having completed higher studies. Key challenges identified include family culture (81.6%), community values (67.4%), financial policies (90.8%), and family demotivation (91.2%) at the initial stage. Additional challenges include negative community attitudes (86.8%), security concerns (81.6%), male-dominated business environments, and limited financial support from family and institutions. Despite these barriers, the study uncovers promising prospects for women entrepreneurs, particularly in crafts and home-based industries (81.6% potential), tailoring and garment making (85.8%), and handicrafts production (81%). These sectors are seen as highly viable due to skill availability, cultural relevance, and export potential. The beauty and wellness industry are also emerging as a growing opportunity, with 81% rating it as a promising field. Supportive actors include government bodies, NGOs, microfinance institutions, and the private sector. The study concludes by urging these stakeholders, alongside development partners, to focus on addressing socio-cultural barriers to empower young women entrepreneurs in rural Bangladesh.

In-Depth Analysis of Investment Companies: Industry Dynamics, Management Mechanisms and Strategic Adjustments

As the global economy continues to evolve, investment firms are facing unprecedented challenges in adapting to market volatility, optimizing asset allocation, and responding to policy guidance. The purpose of this paper is to explore how investment companies can respond to industry dynamics through strategic adjustment and strengthen management and analytical methods. Through an in-depth analysis of the investment case of Wal-Mart Investment Bank, the core functions of state-owned capital investment companies in serving the national strategy, optimizing the layout of state-owned capital and enhancing industrial competitiveness are discussed. Through an in-depth analysis of the organizational structure, governance structure and business choices of state-owned capital investment companies, this paper also proposes the risks and challenges that investment companies will face in the new era, as well as how to make decisions and control mechanisms. Finally, this paper aims to make effective suggestions and solutions for how to adjust the investment strategies of various multinational companies in the future development.

Factors Affecting Green Growth Policy in Vietnam

Green growth is becoming a global priority as countries increasingly recognize the importance of combining economic development with environmental protection. Green growth policies and strategies are designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, promote the use of renewable energy, and improve resource efficiency, contributing to the goal of sustainable development and combating climate change. Government green growth policies are influenced by many economic, social, environmental, and political factors that determine the effectiveness and sustainability of these measures. Essential factors include public awareness, international pressure, economic and financial policies, technology and innovation, local environmental issues, politics and leadership, and public-private partnerships (PPPs). Vietnam has implemented the "National Strategy on Green Growth" for 2021-2030 with clear goals and has achieved many significant results, such as reducing greenhouse gas emissions and increasing forest coverage. However, there are still many limitations in terms of capital, technology, and supporting policy mechanisms. By proposing a qualitative research model on influencing factors and quantitative methods, specifically multivariate linear regression analysis, the author has shown the model results of these influencing factors on green growth policy, contributing to proposing recommendations to improve green growth policy in Vietnam.

Management of inclusive data for Merapi volcano eruption risk areas using participatory action research (PAR) with the perspective of women, the elderly, and persons with disabilities

This research, conducted by Plan Indonesia, YAKKUM Emergency Unit (YEU), and the Klaten Association of Disabled People (PPDK), with support from ELRHA, UKAid, the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and Plan International, aimed to foster inclusive research by integrating Views from the Frontline (VFL) guidelines with the Feminist Participatory Action Research (FPAR) method. The study involved women, people with disabilities, including youth and children with disabilities, as well as the elderly. Research participants included people with disabilities, the elderly, health cadres, and elderly cadres, and was conducted from May to December 2023 in the disaster-prone areas of Kemalang and Manisrenggo Districts, Central Java. Data analysis was done through triangulation, utilizing multi-party meetings to verify findings based on various times, places, and participants. The research identified types of threats related to the Merapi volcano eruption and needs based on the Humanitarian Inclusion Standard, focusing on gender, age, and ability. Key recommendations include integrating disaster risk management approaches with community-led action plans, enhancing inclusion, promoting local leadership, and developing a national advocacy strategy to increase community involvement in disaster risk reduction efforts, particularly for women, the elderly, and people with disabilities.

Why Fossil Fuels Stifle Green Economic Growth? An Environmental Management Perspective in Assessing the Spatial Spillover Impact of Energy Consumption in South Asia

Amidst escalating environmental challenges, the imperative for sustainable development and environmental preservation has become central in contemporary discourse. Where the consumption of fossil fuels poses a significant threat to the global sustainability, the global shift towards renewable energy sources is recognized as a key strategy for nations to confront climate change, enhance economic prosperity, and contribute to global sustainability by promoting green economic growth. In this context, our study makes a momentous contribution to the existing disclosure by investigating the impact of renewable and non-renewable energy consumption on the green economic growth of, not only in the implementing country, but also on the surrounding economies across the South Asian Region. To achieve this objective, the study collected the data from the member states of the South Asian Region for the period of 2000-2020. We took the support from Spatial Durbin Model to empirically estimate the results. Our findings reveal that fossil fuels not only harm the green economic growth of the home country but also exhibit a negative spatial spillover effect, adversely affecting the sustainability efforts of the surrounding economies. In contrast, renewable energy not only benefits the home country but also has a positive spatial spillover effect, promoting sustainability in nearby economies. The results highlight the critical need for cooperative regional initiatives and the interdependence of environmental policies. The study's conclusions, aligned with international agreements such as COP28 and Sustainable Development Goals, provide essential guidance for policymakers addressing the challenges of sustainable growth.

The impact of implementing a strategy on the rate reduction of catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI) in national health care facilities in Saudi Arabia.

To address catheter associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI) in adult medical surgical (M/S) intensive care units ICUs, a strategy known as CAUTI out of nation (CAUTIoN) was implemented in MOH (Ministry of Health) facilities in KSA (Kingdom of Saudi Arabia). The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of the implementation of a national strategy, in healthcare facilities and evaluate the outcome of each strategy's components and to compare the pre and post intervention rates of CAUTI. It was a retrospective, to assess changes in CAUTI rates after the implementation of strategy. CAUTI rates reduced by 3.6 percentage points (PP) between the second quarter of 2022 and the first quarter of 2024. The rate of CAUTI slightly increased to 0.9 per 1000 catheter-days in the first quarter after the intervention, then dropped to 0.34 per 1000 catheter-days in the fourth quarter of 2023, before increasing to 0.62 in the first quarter of 2024. Strategy implementation of CAUTIoN is found to be effective for turning our organizational vision into action. We retrospectively studied the correlation of interventions and the CAUTI rates. Interventions like leadership, surveillance, data management, training, education and C2C (CAUTIoN to CAUTI) initiative were most effective in the implementation of the strategy.

Opportunities and barriers for reimbursement of digital therapeutics in Austria: Findings From expert interviews.

Digital therapeutics (DTx) are software-based interventions that aim to prevent or treat especially non-communicable diseases. Currently, no framework for reimbursement of DTx exists in Austria. The aim of this study was to gather a comprehensive perspective on regulatory considerations of Austrian stakeholders with regard to reimbursement of DTx and to outline strategies for establishing a national reimbursement framework. Based on a stakeholder analysis, seven semi-structured interviews with Austrian experts from the digital health-related fields medicine, public health, health technology assessment, health industry and social security providers were conducted. Interviews were analyzed according to seven predefined themes. Overall, participants agreed that reimbursement of DTx by the public insurance in Austria is desirable. Prerequisites are (i) a high user and prescriber acceptance of DTx, which must be integrated into a transparent and interoperable Austrian e-Health infrastructure, (ii) a sufficient, risk-based level of evidence for clinical effectiveness, (iii) national authorities that transparently provide evidence-base, indications, contra-indications and potential risks, (iv) adopting European regulations about data security, secondary use of data and use of artificial intelligence and (v) a health-economical evaluation of DTx. A comprehensive national strategy for reimbursing DTx will need to consider technical, scientific and socio-economical requirements, patient safety and liability, secure health data handling and use of artificial intelligence in order to establish a sound framework with equitable access also for socioeconomically disadvantaged persons in order to address the growing burden of non-communicable diseases.

Moving toward standardized surveillance of “nurse” suicide mortality

Across studies that examined nurse suicide using national data, there was variability in methods, nursing definitions and age criteria, and limited data on sex differences, race and ethnicity, and state details. There was also variability with respect to denominators used in suicide rate calculations. Cross-study comparison and synthesis is sometimes challenging given this variability. To examine additional associations between risk/protective factors and nurse suicide, to monitor nurse suicide incidence and trends, and to evaluate the efficacy of interventions aimed at reducing nurse suicide, it is important to move toward a standard evaluative approach that considers both mortality data and research initiatives. The National Academies, National Action Alliance for Suicide Prevention (NAASP), and National Strategy for Suicide Prevention disseminated recommendations for improving the quality, scope, usefulness, timeliness, and accessibility of mortality data and are working to advance research in this area. Further, the NAASP issued recommendations for developing standard definitions, use of common data elements, and processes for connecting data elements with similar measures. The NAASP additionally reinforced the importance of linking data sources. Standardization and data linking recommendations from the NAASP are particularly relevant to studies that examine nurse suicide. Taken together, leadership and advocacy are needed in these areas, both within the nursing profession and more broadly across the U.S.

An identification of models to help in the design of national strategies and policies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

An identification of models to help in the design of national strategies and policies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.