Nationalism Identity Research Articles

Who are we? Discursive construction of collective identity in youth organisations in Poland: a citizenship orientation perspective

ABSTRACT Collective identity (CI) is one of the levels of the social construction of citizenship. It was assumed that since citizenship as a state-centred notion is difficult to maintain today, an analysis of CI should exceed national, ethnic, language and cultural identifications. What does it look like in the case of CI constructed discursively by youth organisations? The aim of the research presented in the paper is to reconstruct collective identities (CIs) based on a discourse analysis of selected youth organisations operating in Poland and an assessment of their community-individual orientation. The research material constituted 696 documents produced in 2018 by six youth organisations on their official websites and Facebook profiles. The approach by Ruth Wodak and Martin Reisigl was adopted. We analysed the application of discursive strategies in the texts referring to the ‘we’ and ‘they’ categories. The conclusions indicate, among others, that in the analysed discourses the CI is differentiated by the manner of distinguishing from ‘others’ and the constellation of predicates relating to the category ‘we’.

National identification weakens, and territorial identification strengthens, the relationship between masculine honor values and the justification of practices of connivance with the mafia

AbstractOrganized crime's governance raises questions about mechanisms facilitating the exercise of illegal authority in society. The present research tested the association between masculine honor ideology and the justification of connivance practices facilitating criminal groups' activities. We examined the novel idea that national identification would attenuate and territorial identification would strengthen such a relationship, reflecting different sources of authority at the national and territorial levels. In Studies 1a and b (N = 398 and N = 399), we measured individuals' endorsement of masculine honor, justification of connivance practices, and national and territorial identifications. In Study 2 (N = 390), we experimentally manipulated the salience of these identities. Results supported the hypotheses that the link between masculine honor and justification of connivance was weaker at higher levels of national identification and stronger at higher levels of territorial identification. Implications and future directions are discussed.

The illusion of home and belongingness: a representation and (dis)location of home in Tabish Khair’s novels

ABSTRACT This paper foregrounds Khair’s two novels, The Bus Stopped and Filming: A Love Story, examining the concepts of home, representation, (dis)locations and its non-belongingness, focusing on the discourses of Indian nationalism and national identity. There is a massive gap between the living styles of rural and urban people in India. How people live in a country is vital to a modern nation and its nationalism. Khair says, ‘houses do not make homes’ because the concept of home varies according to the socio-economic conditions. Many poor people in India do not have a permanent home and constantly migrate from one place to another. They mostly make a temporary one-night stand for home, but unfortunately, their journey becomes a permanent home. That makes their existence neither inside nor outside society, creating a different kind of third space, but far more precarious than Bhabha’s notion of a third space. In Khair’s novels, the concept of third space is far less empowering than Bhabha’s notion of third space in postcolonial studies. Khair also shows that home is an illusion, not a permanent place that constantly changes like a dream and never gets concretised.

Representation of Saudi Culture in Digital Poetry

In today's world, characterized by technology and artificial intelligence, societies have become interconnected, and the global community resembles a small village. Within this digital realm, the identities of nations and their inhabitants manifest through their expressive tools and artistic forms. The recipient perceives, through the digital space, a portrayal of these societies. In the case of Saudi society, a progressive community, its artistic and literary expressions are prominently featured on social media platforms and other online spaces, both official and unofficial. These platforms serve to depict the components and cultural backgrounds of the society, which it leans upon. The digital space becomes a canvas for its aspirations, emotions, and the diverse spectrum of its orientations and tendencies. The study tracked the most prominent transformations in Saudi culture through the digital poetic text, relying on digital poetic models through which the meeting of the past with the present was presented, and monitoring the manifestations of Saudi culture and its presence in the digital poetic text. The study concluded a number of results, the most important of which is that the Saudi poetic text presented a picture of the elements of Saudi culture, and the digital poetic models were able to show the meaning and deepen it in the mind of the recipient and evoke all those elements to embody the image of Saudi culture.

A Polish Patriot in Paris: Albert Sowiński, Essayist, Anthologist and Lexicographer

If there was one musician in mid-nineteenth-century Paris who diligently promoted Polish accomplishments, it was Albert Sowinski (Wojciech Sowiński). From his arrival in France in 1828 until his death in 1880, he championed the Polish cause as a performer, composer and scholar. Sowinski was a prolific writer, but with the exception of his Les musiciens polonais et slaves, anciens et modernes, Dictionnaire (1857), his studies of Polish repertoire rarely receive more than passing attention in modern scholarship. In this essay, I investigate Sowinski’s developing paradigms of Polish nationalism and Polish identity across the entirety of his major writings about and collections of Polish music: Chants polonais nationaux et populaires (1830), Chants de la révolution du 29 novembre 1830 (1830), Mélodies polonaises album lyrique (1833), ‘Chants populaires de l’Ukraine’ (1842), ‘De l’état actuel de la musique en Pologne’ (1842), Dictionnaire (1857) and Chants religieux de la Pologne, Op. 93 (1859). The four works from the 1830s, which focused on Polish folk music and revolutionary songs, were closely tied to Sowinski’s work with Léonard Chodzko (Leonard Chodźko) and his circle in Paris. Especially in the Chants polonais, Sowinski followed Chodzko and Joachim Lelewel in emphasising the exceptional geographic, linguistic and even ethnic diversity of the old Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, viewing this diversity as the basis for a glorious musical and political future. By contrast, in his critical writings of the 1840s, Sowinski interpreted Ukraine’s folk traditions as speaking largely to regional experience; he cast Warsaw and its musical institutions as the basis for a modern Polish musical identity. By the time of his Dictionnaire and Chants religieux de la Pologne, Sowinski de-emphasised Poland’s musical exceptionality in favour of delineating its long tradition of exchange with Western Europe, facilitated particularly through courts and the Roman Catholic Church.

Implications Of Fostering Pancasila Ideology Through Paskibraka Extracurricular At SMK Negeri 1 Samarinda

This research aims to explore the implications of fostering the Pancasila ideology through Paskibra extracurricular activities at SMK Negeri 1 Samarinda. Pancasila as the basis of the Indonesian state has an important role in shaping the character and personality of the younger generation, especially through education in schools. Paskibra extracurricular was chosen as the object of research because of its active role in instilling national values and compliance with Pancasila through flag ceremony activities and discipline exercises. The research method used is qualitative with a case study approach. Data was collected through participatory observation, in-depth interviews with Paskibra administrators, and analysis of documents related to Paskibra activities and the school curriculum. Data analysis was carried out with content analysis techniques to identify the main themes that emerged from the results of observations and interviews. The results of the study show that the development of the Pancasila ideology through Paskibra extracurricular has a significant impact on building awareness and appreciation of Pancasila values among students. The program not only helps in strengthening students' nationalist identities, but also enriches their learning experience outside of the classroom environment. However, the challenges faced include a lack of sufficient time for Paskibra training and the expansion of the scope of ideological development outside of formal activities. This research contributes to describing the importance of the role of extracurricular activities in supporting national values education in Indonesia, especially in the context of SMK Negeri 1 Samarinda. The implications of this study can be used as a basis for the development of more effective education policies in strengthening the Pancasila ideology in schools.

Ernst B. Haas, liberal nationalism and the double-edged nature of European identity

ABSTRACT While Ernst B. Haas is recognized among European integration scholars as a founding figure of neo-functionalism, his later writing on nationalism is less known to European integration scholars. I contribute to this special issue by discussing Haas’ later work on liberal nationalism and by reflecting on its insights for the study of collective identities in the European Union today. In a nutshell, Haas expected that (1) national and supranational identities are inherently rational and the expression of a deliberate choice, (2) citizens shift their identities from the national to the European level due to utilitarian considerations, (3) nationalism is not per se destructive, but it comes in many moulds and can be the basis for the international community. I argue that Haas’ emphasis on rational and deliberate identity choice clashes with our current understanding of identity as implicit and subliminal. Moreover, his optimism is challenged by the rise of radical-right-wing parties who have successfully mobilized exclusive nationalist identities against European integration. On the other hand, Haas’ emphasis on the double-edged nature of collective identity is an important reminder that also European identity, while striving to overcome exclusive nationalism, can reify its exclusiveness at the supranational level.

Politics of apoliticality and the Indian citizen in popular Hindi cinema

ABSTRACT Popular Hindi cinema in contemporary times has characteristic patterns of ideological positioning, that reflect the populist authoritarian regime and its political agenda of a monolithic Hindu identity with its corresponding political version of a nation built on Hindutva policies. Film genres like historicals have been ideal propaganda vehicles in building counternarratives to challenge the fragile secular structures that keep the heterogeneity of the nation in place. A sub-genre to be mentioned in this context is biopics which have emerged as a popular sub-genre of historicals in contemporary Indian cinema. They narrate tales of individuals who have led extraordinary lives or have shaped their lives to become role models for the young to learn and emulate. Biopics can be turned into narratives about nationalism with little effort and we see several films shaping discourses on nationalism and national identity. Using biopics released since 2010, I seek to explore the significance of this hero in biopics in a neoliberal nationalist paradigm. The films chosen are those that depict the lives of common people who have turned heroes, as in the case of films like Manjhi – The Mountain Man (2015), Super 30 (2019), and Pad Man (2018).

In the eye of the beholder: national boundary perceptions and their identity implications across immigrant generations in multinational states

ABSTRACT The concept of national boundaries has been employed extensively in the social sciences, with most research focusing on the host society's perspective. This study innovates by measuring immigrants’ perceptions of how boundaries of their host nation are drawn and examining how such perceptions impact their national identifications in a multinational context, more specifically in the province of Quebec in Canada. It relies on a stratified sample of first- (n = 1129) and second-generation immigrants (n = 1286) as well as non-immigrants (n = 1472). We show that boundary perceptions impact the availability and attractiveness of different identity options, including identification with Quebec, the country of origin, and Canada. First, while perceptions of ascriptive boundaries to Quebec push first- and second-generation immigrants away from Quebec identity, the reactive effect of strengthening identification with the country of origin and Canada is limited. Second, although the second generation perceives Quebec boundaries as more ascriptive than the first generation, it is not more strongly impacted by their boundary perceptions in their identifications. Third, perceptions of attainable boundaries promote all three national identifications, but only for the first generation. Finally, we demonstrate that attention to boundary perceptions adds important explanatory leverage beyond the impact that discrimination has on national identifications.

Femmephobia and Penetration in the Development of Masculinity and the (Anti)Nationalist Identity of Reinaldo Arenas in Antes que Anochezca

This article addresses the relationship between masculinity and nationalism, especially in literature of exile. It investigates the militarism of the Cuban national identity that promotes homophobia through a disdain for the feminine in the development of national masculinity. Antes que anochezca therefore exemplifies anti-nationalist exile literature as it rejects Castroist censorship and the criminalization of homosexuality. However, while the novel is anti-nationalist, it continues to perpetuate a repudiation of femininity as he valorizes masculinity, showcased in his sexual relationships between men. This is done in the novel through a dichotomy of active and passive roles in men who have sex with men that is established through the roles of penetrator/penetrated. Therefore, femmephobic ideology based on the national development of Cuban masculinity has permeated queer literature in exile, even in an anti-nationalist novel.

Us, them and we: How national and human identifications influence adolescents' ethnic prejudice.

Although there have been numerous studies on the relations between group identification and ethnic prejudice, it is less clear whether their associations reflect stable individual tendencies or rather situational or temporal fluctuations. This longitudinal multilevel study aimed to fill this gap by examining the between- and within-person associations of identification with the national and superordinate human groups and levels of prejudice against multiple ethnic minorities. A total of 883 Italian majority adolescents (Mage = 15.66, SD = 1.15 at T1, 49.7% females) completed questionnaires at four time points over the course of 1 year. Results showed that national identification was related to more prejudice at the between-person level but to decreases in prejudice at the within-person level. Additionally, human identification contributed to lower levels of and steeper decreases in prejudice at both the between- and within-person levels. Common and unique associations also emerged across different ethnic minority targets, but only for between-person effects. Overall, this study highlights the importance of distinguishing stable individual levels and momentary fluctuations of both ingroup identifications and ethnic prejudice in order to orient future interventions aimed at improving the quality of intergroup relationships.

Civilisational Conflict

China’s self-identification as a ‘civilisational-state’ poses a strategic challenge. The characterisation contests the liberal-international order’s values and norms, potentially fragmenting global standards. A strategic reassessment will require considering not only the political and economic dimensions of international relations, but also the cultural and ideological aspects that define the identities of nations and their people. The key task is to discern what is non-negotiable for both China and the West, and to avoid obliging either to compromise on what it considers its core identity.

동남아시아 중국인 디아스포라와 화교⸱화인 학교교육의 설립과 변화: 청말 이후 1949년 이전까지

This paper examines the development and change of the Chinese education in Southeast Asian countries since the end of the Qing Dynasty, when nationalism and national identity sprouted and grew. I scrutinize the diaspora education in relation with the home country and also in the context of local Chinese community. Overseas Chinese diaspora education reflects various issues in Southeast Asia, including nationality, ethnicity, hometown, adaptation, generational change, and dual nationality. In the paper, as the background of modern Chinese education in many Southeast Asian countries, I discuss the aspects of educational reform in China and how they were linked to the overseas Chinese education system since the end of the 19th century, and record the actual progress in Southeast Asian countries. By doing so, this study aims to read the relationship between the changing Chinese diaspora generation's recognition of 'China' along with changes in Southeast Asian Chinese society projected on the progress of diaspora education.

El Whispering Clouds, Echoing Mountains: A Cross-Cultural Analysis of Gonzalo Ariza’s Lyrical Landscapes

This essay reevaluates the art of Gonzalo Ariza, a twentieth-century Colombian painter renowned for landscapes that merge Eastern and Western traditions. Challenging simplistic categorizations of his oeuvre as an “appropriated Japanese style,” my research argues that Ariza’s vision of landscape transformed into a contemplative attitude towards local Andean highlands after his return from Japan in 1938. It contextualizes the challenges Ariza faced when drawing inspiration from East Asian art amidst mid-twentieth-century modernist currents and political circumstances, shedding light on the critical narratives that marginalized his work and unraveling the complexities of Colombian modernism within a global art discourse. Building upon Warburg's concept of dynamograms to describe “pathos formula” in landscapes, this study argues that Ariza’s work transcends cultural boundaries, which links both traditions through the subtle emotions evoked by cloud-shrouded mountains, eliciting a universal appreciation for nature’s mystical splendor. Through cross-cultural comparison and an ecocritical lens, my essay delves into the interplay of transcultural exchange, nationalist identity, andrepresentations of nature in Ariza’s artworks, revealing his nostalgic proto-environmental consciousness. In doing so, it raises raising questions about the transformative power of landscape art to reflect and influence societal values and perspectives on nature within contemporary dialogues on environmental stewardship and the negotiation of cultural identity through art.

The relation between contact experiences and dual identity among German residents with a Turkish or Kurdish identity

AbstractWe present secondary analyses of data collected with German residents with Turkish and Kurdish ancestry (n = 414), who represent the largest migrant groups in Germany. The majority of our sample of mostly second‐generation migrants exhibited integrated identity profiles, with high levels of both ethnic (Turkish or Kurdish) and national (German) identification. National and ethnic identification were unrelated, and both were predicted by the frequency and quality of contact with members of the respective groups as well as the extent to which participants report daily discrimination experiences. We additionally adopted a regional bias approach (Calanchini et al., 2022), inserting regional‐level data as indicators of context variance of contact opportunity and local aggregates of racialized group attitudes into analyses. Results document that the varying level of contact opportunity did not predict individual contact experiences and social identity, whereas the local attitude aggregate predicted individual contact experiences and participants' reports of daily discrimination, which, in turn, related to both ethnic and national identifications. These results indicate the relevance of social and contextual variables on the formation and navigation of multiple identities, which has theoretical and practical implications for the current societal and political debates about migration and integration.

Bengali Nationalism and Identity Construction in Fagun Haway (In Spring Breeze, 2019)

The years 1948-1952 were pivotal for the history of Bangladesh. The question of what would be the state language was raised by the people of this country. Muslim leaders in Pakistan, at the time, believed that Urdu should be the state language because it had become recognized as the cultural symbol of sub-continental Muslims. However, most of Pakistan’s population, the Bengalis of eastern Pakistan, to whom Urdu was a foreign language, considered it a ploy by the West Pakistanis to colonize East Pakistan. Protests erupted across East Pakistan after the then Prime Minister of Pakistan replaced Bangla as the state language with Urdu. On February 21, 1952, a student protest resulted in the deaths of some students by police. The language movement drew Bengalis’ attention to their collective aspirations to create a new nation and nationalist identity, leading them to fight for an imagined sovereign state, Bangladesh. Against the backdrop of our language movement, Fagun Haway (In Spring Breeze, 2019), a film by Tauquir Ahmed, captures the anecdotes of Pakistani repression towards Bengalis by portraying the nationalist consciousness and identity approaches of this nation. Employing the concept of nationalism and the historical development of our identity approaches, this paper shows that Ahmed displays the coexistence of Bengali and Muslim identity approaches as well as the contentious relationship between these two approaches inside our nationalism at that time. Besides, Bengaliness is viewed as the dominating approach when the debate over the state language turns into a divisive political one and a fight for our very existence. Social Science Review, Vol. 40(2), December 2023 Page: 39-58

Indianapolis's Syrian Ark : Crossing and Dwelling in the Arab American Midwest, 1936–1954

ABSTRACT: This article is the first to document the historical significance of the Indianapolis-based Syrian Ark , the official newspaper of the Midwest Federation of Syrian American Clubs from 1936 to 1954. Extant copies of the periodical provide a detailed record of Arab, Syrian, and Lebanese midwestern life in the middle twentieth century. Using elements of Thomas A. Tweed's spatial theory of "crossing and dwelling," author Edward E. Curtis IV analyzes how the newspaper's editor, correspondents, and other contributors moved across and inhabited local, regional, national, and diasporic spaces in their reporting. He argues that the Syrian Ark 's collective mapping of Arab American dwelling or "homemaking" in the shared public culture of the U.S. Midwest and U.S. nation-state was co-constituted through inhabiting the terrestrial space of diasporic Arab nationalist identity and the cosmological aspirations of religious ecumenism. The article illustrates this thesis by showing how the coverage of multiple midwestern locales in the Syrian Ark constructed a sense of Arab belonging to an ideal midwestern "hometown" of economic prosperity and strong civic engagement; how the newspaper's deep U.S. patriotism was joined to grassroots Arab diasporic nationalism, including activism on behalf of Palestinian liberty; and how the periodical created a cosmological home of religious ecumenism that sought to bring Muslims and Christians together across the Arab diaspora.

Reframing nationalism and national identity in Anek

ABSTRACT Foregrounding Anubhav Sinha's Hindi mainstream film Anek (released on 27 May 2022), I will draw upon the discourses of nationalism and nation to examine the issues of separatist insurgency, violence, and militarization in the Northeast from the affective and performative lens in order to unsettle the reified categories of identity politics. As ‘nation-building' has important implications for nationalism and the nation-state, an attempt is made to map out the contours of the historical legacy of state formation in the Northeast India, which is characterized by ‘ethnic polities’ of Northeast groups with a connection to a real or imagined homeland, and the recurrent politics of subnationalism. Delineating the current scholarship on the relationship between hot and banal nationalism, an endeavour is made to offer new ways to understand insurgency and counter insurgency in the Northeast. Lastly, the paper explores how sports serve as a galvanizing force for mobilizing national identity and unity.

Nationalism and Muslim identity: An Examination of the Axiology of Islamic Education

Nationalism and Islamic identity are two concepts that are interrelated and important for Islamic education. Nationalism is an attitude of love for the homeland and nation that does not conflict with Islamic teachings as long as it does not contain fanaticism, chauvinism or superiority. The identity of a Muslim is a servant of God who surrenders to Him wholeheartedly, follows the teachings of Islam revealed by the Prophet Muhammad SAW, and strives to be a witness to truth and goodness in the world. Islamic education is a comprehensive process of developing human potential in accordance with Islamic values. Axiology of Islamic education is topics related to the purpose, objectives and values of Islamic education. The purpose of this research is to analyze the relationship and influence of nationalism and Islamic identity in the study of the axiology of Islamic education. This research uses library research, and the final results are analyzed interactively by presenting descriptive research discussions. The results of this study show that nationalism and Muslim identity can be strengthened and realized through Islamic education that is oriented towards values such as tawhid, worship, morals, knowledge, charity and da'wah. Islamic education can also make a positive contribution to nation and state building as well as global cooperation and peace by respecting diversity and universal values in accordance with Islamic law. Keywords: Nationalism, identity, Axiology, Islamic Education

Political Struggle for the Renewal of the Ottoman Empire

The aim of this research is to analyze the relationship between nationalism and historical awareness. The method used in this study employs a literature review with specific steps. The findings of this research indicate that the downfall of the Ottoman Empire is the result of complex dynamics, involving the roles of intellectuals, government policies, the paradox of reforms, poor political language, and the influence of the Young Turks movement. From the era of Mahmud II to the collapse of the absolute rule of the Sultan, the shift in the foundational values of the state from Islam to nationalist identity reflects the challenges of a transformation that was not always successful. The incompatibility between reformists and the majority of the Muslim population, particularly in the political communication of the Sultan, becomes a key factor complicating the achievement of consensus. This research provides profound insights into the complexity of the history of the Ottoman Empire, emphasizing the importance of comprehensively understanding social, cultural, and political aspects in analyzing the decline of an empire. Consequently, a more comprehensive understanding of these events can offer valuable lessons in detailing and comprehending the dynamics that shape historical changes.