National Worldview Research Articles

"LANGUAGE-CULTURE" DYCHOTOMY IN FORMATION OF THE MENTAL SPHERE OF ETHNIC CONSCIOUSNESS AND SPECIFICITY OF NATIONAL WORLD PERCEPTION

Purpose of the study. The purpose of the proposed article is to clarify the essence of language-culture dichotomy, outlining the specificity of the interconnection and the interaction of its components in the projection to the mentality of the reception of national constants. Methodology of the study. The methodology of the research is based on the ideas of anthropocentricity (V. von Humboldt, O. Potebnya, E. Sepir, B. Whorf, M. Heidegger, etc.) and the main provisions of linguocultural studies, which confirm the necessity of studying and as a space of interiorization and exteriorization of mental representations of linguistic and cultural knowledge (L. Wittgenstein, S. Yermolenko, V. Labov, V. Uzhchenko, H. Yavorska, etc.). The cultural-semiotic method, the method of synchronous sections and the systematic approach have formed the basis of the research strategy. The scientific novelty. Culture-language dichotomy plays a leading role in shaping the mental sphere of the ethnic consciousness and defines and shapes the specifics of the national worldview. It has been confirmed that the most active verbal symbolization as a factor of national-cultural self-identification manifests itself in the spheres of semasiology and onomasiology. But the peculiarities of implementation at the syntactic level in the superficial structure of the semantic components of the deep structures of the sentence are the inherent features of the syntax of the national language, which constructs the human mentality and, in part, its cultural self-consciousness. It has been observed that the processes of cultural uplift, national revival, development of the Ukrainian literary are interdependent and mutually conditioned. Conclusions. Thus, the culture - language dichotomy appears as two similarly organized sign systems that function equally, are fundamentally related. An important factor in the formation of ethnic is the that captures, preserves and translates the ways of categorizing and conceptualizing the world and the internal reflexive experience of the people. The linguistic consciousness of the people appears as a form of its cultural expression, of civilization, in the conditions of world globalization, and the phenomenon of is the identification code of the ethnic consciousness, of the mentality and specificity of the national world perception.

ОБРАЗ МАРИИ: МИФОЛОГЕМА И МИФОНИМ «ДЕВЫ МАРИИ» В ТВОРЧЕСТВЕ ЭНН ЭНРАЙТ (НА ПРИМЕРЕ РАССКАЗА «МАЛЕНЬКАЯ СТАТУЭТКА ДЕВЫ МАРИИ»)

The article is devoted to analysing the artistic originality of the story “The Portable Virgin” by the modern Irish English-speaking authoress Anne Enright. The paper focuses on studying the mythologeme and mythonym of “Holy Mary”, which are realized implycitly and explicitly in the story. The author identifies the means to represent Mary-wife’s and Mary-mistress’s image and discovers the ways to actualize the mythologeme and mythonym of “Holy Mary”. The writer’s specific techniques contribute to the deconstruction of the Saintess’s traditional image and the formation of another, cardinally new, image in the Irish national worldview.

ОБРАЗ ТЕЛА: ЖЕНЩИНА-ГОРОД В ПРОИЗВЕДЕНИЯХ ЯКУТСКИХ ПИСАТЕЛЕЙ НАЧАЛА ХХ ВЕКА

For the first time the article attempts to consider the functioning of the body’s image in the aspect of the Yakut “urban text”, which accumulates the transformations of the national worldview, the characteristic features of mental experience. The main objects of the research are the specificity of the “physical” and the ratification of a woman’s image, distinguished from this topic, as a personification of the town in the writers’ works of the early ХХ century. Special attention is paid to the consideration of urban space ambivalence, in which a character’s “inverted” roles and a man’s dual nature, exposed mainly in the context of urban environment, are revealed.

ОБРАЗ-СИМВОЛ БЕРЕЗЫ В ЛИРИКЕ А. ЖИГУЛИНА

The article is devoted to the consideration of one of the archetypical images in A. V. Zhigulin’s poetry that corresponds to the modern directions of literary science, in which the study of the national worldview and the constants of the national culture is one of the priorities. In the Russian consciousness, the birch is a symbol of motherland, a part of the native nature, a fixed attribute of Central Russia. The natural world of “small motherland” in A. Zhigulin’s lyrics is studied as a part of the Russian world, as a basis for the formation of the lyrical hero’s national identity, as a symbol of memory.

Национальная культурная специфика понятий «центр» и «периферия» в якутском языке

The article describes the national cultural specificity of the system of length measures in the Yakut language, both physical and figurative. The issue under study is transformation of the imaginary space model and its evolution in the national worldview. On the basis of mythological and folklore sources, historical and cultural ideas and linguistic material of the Sakha people peculiarities of defining close and far worlds, short vs. long distances involved in the representations of the concepts “center” and “periphery” are discussed. The object of the study was the two segments of the Yakut world: the close (familiar) space of tyelbe (it is mastered, explored and exploited), embracing the topological reality of the tiergen ‘yard’ (house’s, yurta’s, urasa’s), hay fields, hunting grounds, on one hand, and undeveloped Yakut alien distant world, a dark forest, sandy deserts, marshlands, cemeteries, abandoned houses, gorges, caves, on the other. These two segments represent their completely different characteristics as well as different ways of measuring space and time, length or distance. Special attention is paid to the specificity of their cultural and linguistic modifications, reflecting the complex history of relations between man and the world mastered by him. These illustrate the evolution of human landscape consciousness, its development from natural geographic realities to socio-cultural ones, including sacral space objects. In addition to the actual geographic reality, in terms of this study, the concepts of surreal space are considered – Etүgen terde, Nyүken tygege, Olүү cherkechyeh, mythological images of the distant dark periphery – mainly denoting demonic territories. The purpose of the study being to propose a new approach to describing man -- world relationship, predetermines the interdisciplinary nature of the article, which clearly outlines a wide range of issues of modern Yakut scholar ethnolinguistics, geo-poetics, ethno-cognitive science, folk culture, etc.

«Він був голосом народного духу й знаряддям українського свiтогляду…»

The article focuses on the role of I. Kotlyarevsky's “Aeneid” in the representation of cultural codes in general and in the mental space of Ukrainian culture in particular, in the reflection of fragments of the national picture of the world in terms of specificity of ethnic consciousness, mythological and laughter culture. It is evidenced that the reconstruction of the national-linguistic picture of the world, represented by “Aeneid”, should be continued in the coordinates of the mental-lingual complexes. Among these complexes precedent phenomena are distinguished. They serve as markers of a particular linguistic culture and at the same time they are illustrative material of intercultural communicative interaction. The poem is characterized through the prism of the categories of precedence and intertextuality, in the plane of interaction between “one's own” and “somebody else’s” within the limits of textual discourse. The precedent phenomena (precedent text, precedent situation, precedent saying, precedent name) are differentiated into universal and national precedent ones, the latter of which are considered as those, that contribute to the establishment of national identity and separateness of the Ukrainian linguistic community. It is revealed thepeculiarities of the formation of the speech subculture, available in the minds of native speakers in the form of certain borrowings, in particular from the texts of oral folk art. The national consciousness accumulates born in the society attention to the common people, the peculiarities of their life and culture, decoding of which happens due to the updating of the categories of intertextuality and precedence as well. In his own way ingenious I. Kotlyarevsky demonstrates an unbridled desire to bring the reader closer to the essence of the national spirit and national worldview, with linguistic means and techniques attests the indissoluble connection of time and generations, turns descendants to the origins of the world and national culture, in particular to oral folk art.

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ФУНКЦІОНУВАННЯ ФРАЗЕОЛОГІЗМІВ УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ МОВИ В ПОЛІТИЧНОМУ ДИСКУРСІ

The political worldview as a part of the national worldview is an open structure that is constantly evolving. The language political worldview is a complex of representations of the people, recorded in the language units about political reality at a certain stage of society development. The phraseology of the Ukrainian language depends directly on the language political world-view, therefore the phraseological units (PhU) in some way form national and cultural peculiarity of political discourse. Investigation of the specific features of functioning phraseological units is an effective way to study the representations of the language speakes about political reality, its interpretation, indicating the relevance of the proposed article The article analyzes the peculiarities of the PhU functioning in the Ukrainian political discourse. The types of structural and semantic transformations of phraseological units are ellipse, substitution, expansion of component composition have been investigated. In political discourse both traditional and transformed phraseological units accurately characterize current events: financial issues, cooperation with partners, warning about the negative consequences of wrong actions, etc. Diferrent by semantics and structure phraseological units are used in accordance with the linguistic situation, context, author’s thought etc. Transformed phraseological unit загравав із проросійським електоратом (the traditional PhU гратися (грати) з вогнем «to behave carelessly, to do something dangerous») is applied to express the author’s assessment, the attitude to the political situation. The function of phraseological units in the political discourse makes it informative and expressive, and thus one of the main functions, influential, is realized. PhUs not only as nominative, but also as estimated units are used with the aim of realization of the unity of rational and emotional information in the text.

Пословичная концептуализация общетюркской зоолексемы ат ‘лошадь’ (на материале хакасского языка)

The article provides a semantic-cognitive analysis of the ethnocultural components of the common Turkic zoolex-eme ат ‘horse’, as a unit of the proverbial picture of the world. The proverbial picture of the world is a fragment of the linguistic picture of the world, which is a linguoculturological and cognitive model of various thematic proverbial groups. The structure of Khakassian proverbs and sayings has phonostylistic features: the obligatory presence of rhyme, assessment of various characteristics of a person and other phenomena of everyday life, figuratively associative com-parison of any properties of a person with objects of nature, including the endowment of animals with traits of a per-son’s character. Thus, the structure of all the proverbs and sayings we analyze is different in using the method of com-parative parallelism, for example, a child and a foal, a man and a horse. In the Khakass worldview philosophy, en-shrined in paremias, ат ‘horse’ is perceived as a true friend, ally and assistant of a person, in particular a man. The proverbs and sayings emphasize the relationship between man and horse, draw a figurative parallel of the positive and negative qualities of their characters, the careful and respectful attitude of man to the horse. In the Khakass national worldview, the horse is also a symbol of prosperity, well-being, therefore, it can also appear in traditional well-wishes, in reflections on the themes of eternity, time, life and death, for example, Ат öлзе, изері халар (Mudroe, 2014, p. 6) ‘Nothing disappears without a trace (lit. if a horse dies, a saddle remains)’. This proverb implies the idea that even if a person leaves this world, his good deeds will remain. The study showed the interconnection of the language and worldview culture of the Khakass ethnic group, which takes a basis in the everyday life of a nomadic society and mani-fests itself in fixed sayings, where the acting character is one of the main symbols of the Turkic world – ат ‘horse’. As far as we know, such signs are broadcast in the proverbial picture of the world and other Turkic peoples, thereby we can note the universality of the peculiarities of updating the ат ‘horse’ concept.

Этническая ментальность в контексте фольклорной культуры

The study of a foreign language is inseparable from the understanding of the culture of its speakers, and the study of culture will inevitably touch on the national features of ethnicity. The character of ethnos is due to and at the same time is the guiding vector at the moment of interpretation of the life of the people, the history and culture. The paper analyses in a comparative view the French and the Russian folk songs and the Spanish romance with a similar initial situation and different options of development/stagnation of intrigue, which is due to the exclusivity of national worldview and is a bright example of its implementation. The local diversity of dynamic stereotypes is determined both by the specifics of the performance of folklore, formed historically during the process of oral translation in conditions of continuity and variability, and often by extramusical factors. The long lyrical reflections from the first person (Russian, Spanish versions) contrast the cheerful novelist message from the third person (French version). A certain convergence between Spanish and Russian variants (opposed to the French one) of the interpretation of the topic under consideration is explained by the thesis on the proximity of Russian and Spanish souls, which, in turn, is due to the border specificity of the linguistic and cultural space of Russian-speaking and Spanish-speaking civilization models.

ACTUALIZATION OF UKRAINIAN NATIONAL WORLD OUTLOOK CODES AS THE PRECONDITION OF WORLDVIEW TRANSFORMATIONS IN THE CONDITIONS OF “HYBRID WARS”

The article examines the national worldview codes as a prerequisite for national revival. The urgency of studying world outlook codes in modern Ukraine is primarily due to the actualization of powerful manipulative anti-Ukrainian processes that often take the form of “hybrid wars”. The purpose of the article is to show how and based on what principles the main national world outlook codes function during important historical transformations. For this purpose, the article investigates two information and cultural fields, which are based on world-view structures of the mythological type – national and imperial myths. These structures have their branched code systems, which are updated and described in the form of mythology, symbols and signs. Two important issues are additionally considered: encoding information through the codes of other systems and the use of different languages for transmitting the message, which may cause its distortion. The components of Ukraine’s image as the main mythological image with the national code base are analyzed. Much attention is paid to describing the basic code in the national unconscious of the Ukrainian people and its differences from the imperial view of the world. The historical retrospective is depicted on the example of the “Cossack era”, the activities of the “Central Council”, the “Time of Independence”, the “Orange Revolution – 2004”, the “Dignity Revolution – 2013–2014”, military operations in the ATO-zone, etc. Modern examples show the influence of actualization of relevant world outlook codes on political, social, and cultural life. The mechanisms of combining and enhancing world outlook codes, actualized in various spheres – politics, religion, culture, in particular, mass culture, social life – are discussed. The author also considers the distribution of influence of these codes on other areas of life (up to domestic realities) for describing the surrounding world by ordinary citizens. The idea of three waves of national revival in modern Ukraine is proposed. Attention is drawn to the possible risks of ceasing the nation-building processes in the present, as well as numerous perspectives should this “wave” be as productive as possible.

ПОМОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ФРАЗЕОЛОГИЗМЫ: МИР ФРУКТОВ И ЯГОД СКВОЗЬ ПРИЗМУ ФРАНЦУЗСКОЙ НАЦИОНАЛЬНОЙ ФРАЗЕОЛОГИИ

The article characterizes the French phraseological units with the component - fruit or berry name (pomological phraseological units, as the authors call them), examines their semantic structure and discovers their potential for creating national worldview. 25 nuclear components constituting the structure of the French pomological phraseological units are identified. In the analysed group of the French phraseological units metaphorization is mostly based on the following features: the colour of a fruit, its shape or size and different actions performed with a certain fruit.

German anthropology, nationalism and imperialism: Georg von Neumayer’s Anleitung zu wissenschaftlichen Beobachtungen auf Reisen

ABSTRACT Georg von Neumayer’s Anleitung zu wissenschaftlichen Beobachtungen auf Reisen (Guide to scientific observations on travels), published in three editions from 1875 to 1906, provided instructions to German travellers on the collection of scientific data, including anthropological data. This paper explores the origins of the Anleitung by looking to its editor’s scientific experience in colonial Australia in the 1850s and 1860s and to his adherence to a national liberal worldview. It then examines the evolution of the Anleitung through its three editions, from the period post-unification to the era of colonial expansion and rivalry. In paying close attention to the chapters on anthropology and how they changed over a period of some three decades, the paper argues that the Anleitung not only sought to harness popular enthusiasm for science but also served German national and imperial interests through a formative period in the development of German anthropology.

КОНЦЕПТ «КОЧЕВЬЕ» В СМЫСЛОВОЙ ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ СЕВЕРНОГО ТЕКСТА ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ ЯКУТИИ (НА МАТЕРИАЛЕ ТВОРЧЕСТВА А. КРИВОШАПКИНА)

The article is devoted to studying the northern text of Yakut literature, which is considered as cultural and systemic integrity of autonomous texts, the semantic nucleus of which is literature of the indigenous peoples of the North representing most clearly the national worldview of a northern man. The analysis of this super-text’s conceptual sphere allows the author to identify the peculiarities of the representation and interpretation of nationally determined images, symbols, themes, motives and problems. The nuclear concept “nomadship” is considered as one of the basic categories to discover northern people’s ethnic self-consciousness that necessarily presupposes nomadism.

НАЦИОНАЛЬНОЕ СВОЕОБРАЗИЕ ХУДОЖЕСТВЕННОЙ ДЕТАЛИ В ПРОЗЕ АНЕМПОДИСТА СОФРОНОВА

The article studies the features of the literary detail functioning in the stories by the Yakut writer Anempodist Sofronov. It is ascertained that subject-depictive details (interior, subject, landscape, portrait) were used by the writer to describe the ethnographic realia of the people’s life, to create social environment, and to deepen the psychological state of the characters. The author notes that intellectual-psychological details (psychological, verbal ones) represent mainly the temper, actions, experience of the characters in their originality and uniqueness. The comprehensive analysis of the problem suggests that expressive and polysemantic figurative details served the writer as a means to represent reliably the characteristics of the Yakut people’s life, to reveal the national worldview and to create a national character.

FORMATION OF THE GROUND OF CIVIL IDENTITY OF SCHOOLCHILDREN DURING RUSSIAN LANGUAGE STUDYING

The article offers the way of formation of the civil identity during the Russian language studying that connected with understanding of the culture concepts, making up the basis of the national worldview. Agreeing that the civil identity formation as the feeling of society participation is based on the cognitive and emotional components the author considers the analysis of national concepts as the method of develop knowledge of Russia and Russian nationality. The author thinks that learning of the “valour” concept can raise the pride of the own country and predecessors deeds of high resolve, so offers the variant of the work on particularly this concept.

ФИТОНИМИЧЕСКАЯ ФРАЗЕОЛОГИЯ И НАЦИОНАЛЬНЫЙ ДИСКУРС

The article is devoted to studying phraseological and discourse problems both in the paradigms of the modern science about the language and in the functional aspect of the mechanisms of linguistic units implementation in questions. Discourse methods of actualization of phraseological units with a phytonym component are analyzed. A new term “phraseophytonym” is introduced into scientific use. The specificity of the actualization of phytonymic phraseology is described within the framework of political and everyday discourses. The patterns of the use of phraseological material are determined as indicators of the national worldview and communicative behavior of native speakers. The phraseophytonymic worldview represents one of the important elements of the emotional sphere, as well as the national language worldview, which is verbalized in specific forms for the ethnos.

СРАВНЕНИЯ С ЭТНОКУЛЬТУРНЫМ КОМПОНЕНТОМ В ПРОИЗВЕДЕНИЯХ А. АБУ-БАКАРА

В статье анализируются сравнения с этнокультурным компонентом в произведениях известного дагестанского писателя А. Абу-Бакара как один из способов создания художественных образов и выявления национального мировидения автора.Цель статьи – на основе анализа произведений данного автора выявить роль сравнений с этнокультурным компонентом как важной составляющей идиостиля писателя.В рамках данного исследования авторами был использован описательно-аналитический метод, предусматривающий непосредственное наблюдение анализируемых языковых фактов с последующим обобщением полученных результатов.На основе проведенного исследования авторами выявлено, что сравнения с этнокультурным компонентом в произведениях А. Абу-Бакара служат ярким оценочно-характеристическим средством в портретном описании персонажей; конкретизируют эмоционально-психологическое состояние героев; выполняют описательно-изобразительную функцию в пейзажных зарисовках.Сравнения с этнокультурным компонентом являются одной из особенностей идиостиля А. Абу-Бакара.Область применения результатов: Методика анализа и полученные результаты исследования могут быть использованы при изучении роли сравнений с этнокультурным компонентом в идиостилях других художников слова, в практике преподавания лингвистического анализа текста, стилистики русского языка, спецкурсов и спецсеминаров.

Linguocultural and Cross-Cultural Components in the Structure of the Word

The article introduces a new approach in linguoculturology based on the semantic analysis of the lexemes, which may become perspective in the studies of the triad: language – personality – national world view. The paper manifests the relevance of this approach, determines the aim – the research of the semantic structure of a lexeme, and the object – common neutral vocabulary (“face, hand, head, metro, dacha, bath-hous, cottedge”). The analysis of the word’s meaning sheds light on the differences between linguocultural and cross-cultural components of words. A set of methods are used: the method of the analysis of the vocabulary definitions, the contextual method and the component analysis of lexemes. The anticipated results provide an opportunity to understand and explain the world view in multisystem languages. This research has both theoretical and practical value.

Media text energy as collective cultural memory reflection

Abstract The research aims at discovering the basic elements of energy potential in a media text. On the basis of the analysis of journalistic and advertising texts internal and external factors of the text energy circulation are singled out. The authors argue that a media text, representing a national worldview, contributes to the author’s and addressees’ energy augmentation as well as supports sustainable cultural meanings, fixed in the text.

Stating Values through Denial of Substance: Implementation of One Cognitive Mechanism in the Russian Substandard

<p>The article is devoted to the study of objectification in the substandard forms of Russian language concerning the conceptual norm of possession, which represents the axiological aspect of the world picture by sociolect holders. The relevance of the work is determined by the belonging of the indicated problem to the field of the interest intersection from the theory of nomination, cognitive linguistics and social linguistics, and at the same time, by an insufficient knowledge of the implementation means in the mechanism language of value marking concerning socially separate groups of Russian mentality bearers. In Russian language, the cognitive mechanism of value assertion through the negation of a substance is realized through the word-formation category "an attribute for the lack of substance", which belongs to the number of productive nominative categories. Our task was a complex structural and functional description of sub-standard derivatives of this category with the aim to their further comprehension from onomasiologic and cognitive positions. This conditioned the use of word-formation and component analysis methods. Basing on the works by E.S. Kubryakova and N.D. Arutunova, we determined the essence of the Russian mental norm of possession. The model of field organization proposed by us concerning the mental norm of possession made it possible to draw the conclusion about the complexity of the value basis organization concerning the Russian national worldview, determining the role in which the spiritual and moral guidelines play an important role, and the material values located on the periphery are less significant. The results of the research can be applied in the field of linguistic didactics, especially in the practice of teaching Russian as a foreign language, as well as in the organization of associative and social linguistic experiments.</p>