National Urban Development Policy Research Articles

Nuevos estándares del ejercicio de la función pública de planificación territorial urbana.

La Planificación Territorial Urbana y sus Instrumentos, han experimentado variadas reformas de manera reciente. El aumento de la participación ciudadana, la incorporación de la imagen objetivo y la inclusión de estándares mínimos en la creación de estos Instrumentos, son solo algunas de las modificaciones introducidas por la legislación para efectos de contribuir en la trasparencia del mercado del suelo. En dicho contexto este artículo se centra en el análisis del artículo 28 decies de la Ley General del Urbanismo y Construcción. Dicho artículo es la piedra angular de la nueva forma de planificar territorialmente en Chile El presente trabajo aborda en forma pormenorizada cada nuevo estándar apoyándose en la reciente legislación y en la actual Política Nacional de Desarrollo Urbano.

Monitoreo de los avances en desarrollo urbano: análisis de los catastros de áreas verdes urbanas en el Área Metropolitana de Santiago, Chile

Los avances en metas de desarrollo urbano pueden medirse a través de sistemas de indicadores. En Chile, el Consejo Nacional de Desarrollo Urbano (CNDU) ha propuesto un set de indicadores para monitorear los avances en las metas propuestas por la Política Nacional de Desarrollo Urbano e incorpora aspectos asociados a áreas verdes urbanas (AVU), los cuales se incluyen en dos líneas de evaluación: acceso a equipamientos urbanos y calidad ambiental. Este artículo busca aportar al análisis de los procesos de recolección de información, procesamiento de datos y construcción de indicadores actualizados de desarrollo urbano en Chile, mediante un estudio que permita identificar los desafíos que plantea la implementación de un sistema complejo de monitoreo del desarrollo urbano. Se enfoca en identificar, analizar y comparar los catastros de áreas verdes urbanas (AVU) del AMS que han sido generados por instituciones públicas, de manera de evaluar si pueden alimentar procesos de elaboración de políticas públicas basadas en evidencia y el desarrollo de un sistema de monitoreo de los avances en desarrollo urbano. Para ello se revisaron los catastros de AVU realizados en el Área Metropolitana de Santiago entre 1992 y 2016, identificando a las instituciones responsables, las fuentes de información y los métodos de obtención y validación de los datos. Los resultados muestran que los catastros no son comparables entre sí, que utilizan distintos criterios para la identificación y clasificación de AVU, distintos métodos de toma de datos, y varios catastros carecen de validación. La fragmentación de la toma de decisiones respecto de las AVU genera información incongruente, dificultando la evaluación de los resultados de las políticas públicas y de las inversiones realizadas. La efectiva implementación del sistema de indicadores propuestos por el CNDU requerirá generar una base de información sólida, actualizada y transparente, elaborada por instituciones pertinentes y validadas mediante procedimientos adecuados.

National Urban Development Policy and the Unanswered Development Question of Slum in Nigeria

Urbanization itself is not a curse if positively managed. This is due to the current fact that there is a fundamental debate that the mobilization of human resources is critical and unavoidable for the political, socio-economic and technological transformation of any nation. Though successive governments in Nigeria have initiated the National Urban Development Policy however, the reverse is the case because the swelled urban towns and cities’ government have not made decisive efforts to meet the development demands of the city overflow which is referred to as “urban slum” that has created a sharp gap between the urban wealthy and urban poor. This paper, therefore, adopted the content analysis and Poverty-Focused Intervention Approach to analyze its major arguments. Hence, through primary and secondary data, the study presented some findings and recommendations. The research concluded with campaigns for efficient, inclusive and sustainable development of all settings of the urban sector in Nigeria.

Small Medium Technological Enterprises and Local Economic Resources Development to Promote Activities of Industry and Trade, in Solok City West Sumatra, Indonesia

The objective of this research is to analyze the macro and microeconomicenvironments of Small Medium Technological Enterprises (SMTEs) in Solok City. “SMTE” in Indonesian language is identical with the term of Small and Medium Industrial Enterprise which is abbreviated by IKM, are considered to be important as an engine to stimulate the growth of local economic resources development. There are two main aspects which are necessary to analyze. The first is to analyze the macroeconomic environments of SMTEs in Solok City. The findings showed that the contribution of industrial sector to GRDP was relatively smaller from year to year during the period of 2010 to 2016. It indicated that Solok City was relatively not yet functioning as the City in accordance to the Indonesian National Urban Development Policy. The result of LQ calculation showed that trade and service sector dominate the economic activities of Solok City, however it still weak in the field of industrial activities particularly in term of processing industry. The area around it such as Solok Regency, South Solok Regency, Sijunjung Regency were dominated by economic activity in primary sector. Padang City in another side has the surplus in secondary as well as tertiary product and services. The findings indicated that macroeconomic environments of SMTEs in Solok City were not yet so conducive to stimulate SMTEs creation and development. However the opportunity of SMTEs creation and development was open and quite prospective. SMTEs in Solok City besides using its owned local resources as the input of production, also it can take the surplus of agricultural commodities and mining from its surrounding regions. Padang City can support the growth of SMTEs by technology transfer. In relation with OTDA, the result of studies indicated that this policy is a profitable policy for SMTEs creation and development. The second is to analyze the microeconomic environments of SMTEs in Solok City. In this case, the primary data taken from questioners and field survey were analyzed. The findingsof study showed that SMTEs have not been so developed in Solok City, therefore it still requires several "program supports” to speed up its creation and development.

Towards Socially Integrated Housing in Chile: Assessing Conviviality Through Two Key Housing Projects

Social integration is an important goal of contemporary urban policy in Chile. Using the concept of conviviality understood as the “art of living in community” (Esteva, 2012), this work analyses two socially integrated housing developments in Chile. This paper argues that materially interspersing different socioeconomic groups within housing developments is insufficient on its own to achieve the objectives of social integration espoused in the national urban policy. In particular, it leaves aside community and cultural processes and therefore neglects considerations of inclusion, equity, and conviviality. Furthermore, it is insufficient on its own in meeting sustainable cities and quality of life objectives of the National Urban Development Policy. As a result, we raise critical questions for the implementation of national policy objectives to combat the segregation of cities. The concept of assessing conviviality is proposed as a means to further understand social integration.

Adaptación al cambio climático y gestión de riesgos naturales: buscando síntesis en la planificación urbana

Since the late 1980s, a new vocabulary associated with concerns about climate change has emerged. Nevertheless, this article argues that the concepts used to describe urban adaptation are a part of the history of urban planning. Consequently, climate change should not be seen as a new phenomenon disconnected from this past. By means of a historically contextualized conceptual discussion and a review of urban planning instruments used to address climate change in Chile, the article argues that climate change has been central to urban planning and that the emphasis on climate change is no more than a reaffirmation of this connection built on the concept of 'urban risk'. It concludes that an integrated and historically contextualized approach based on urban risk should form the basis to the response within the framework of the National Climate Change Adaptation Policy (2014) in conjunction with the National Urban Development Policy (2014).

Regulatory support of sustainable intermodal transport transit hub system development

The national urban development policy gives more and more attention to the most essential element of the City Transport Structure Planning – Intermodal Transport Transit Hubs. There is a significant number of ITTU project plans being developed in Moscow, Moscow region and different regions of the Russian Federation. While the regulatory framework for the development of documentation for ITTU territory planning is almost absent. This publication presents the author’s point of view on the structure and composition of regulatory documentation for ITTU urban design. This article reports the results of the author’s original scientific research on the development of ITTU systems.

Disminución de la participación de la población en organizaciones sociales durante los últimos trece años en Chile e implicaciones para la construcción de una política de planificación urbana más participativa

The 2014 National Urban Development Policy of Chile defines among its objectives an “effective” public participation. However, as this article shows, participation in member-based organizations of diverse types has significantly decreased in Chile in general, and especially in the city of Santiago. The research conducted analyses data about participation in the national surveys CASEN 2000 and CASEN 2009, as well as in the survey Santiago Como Vamos 2013, demonstrating that participation in member-based organizations has decreased significantly in Santiago in the last thirteen years and that citizens lack interest in participatory urban planning tools. This article furthermore identifies the implications and challenges that these low levels of participation pose for building a more participatory urban planning policy.

تقويم سياسات إدارة النمو السکاني والعمراني بالمجتمعات العمرانية الجديدة في مصر

تتضافر جهود الدولة ومؤسساتها الرسمية وتنظيماتها التنفيذية على زيادة فعالية دور المدن والتجمعات العمرانية الجديدة في منظومة التنمية الشاملة بمصر، حيث تمثل تلک المدن والتجمعات إحدى رکائز السياسة القومية للتنمية الحضرية والتي تعمل على حل مشکلات زيادة معدلات النمو السکاني والعمراني المترکز في التجمعات القائمة، وتقليل سلبيات اختلال التوزيع المکاني للسکان على المستوى القومي. ولقد تعرضت دراسات عديدة (*) لتقويم تجربة المدن الجديدة في مصر حيث تناولتها من وجهات نظر متعددة، ولقد اجمعت کل هذه الدراسات على تدنى معدلات النمو السکاني في مقابل ارتفاع معدلات النمو العمراني في بعضها، فحتى تعداد عام 2006 لم تحقق کل المدن والتجمعات الجديدة والتي انشئت خلال الربع الاخير من القرن الماضي -ما عدا مدينة 15 مايو لقربها الشديد من منطقة حلوان-، أي معدلات مستهدفة في مجالات النمو السکاني والعمراني طبقا للبرامج الزمنية التي انشئت على اساسها تلک المدن. ففي عام 2006 کانت نسبة عدد سکان المدن الجديدة الى المستهدف لم تصل في المتوسط الى 10% من الإجمالي السکان لمعظم التجمعات، وبقراءة النسبة داخل مجموعات تلک المدن نجدها تتراوح بين 3.2 % لمدينة النوبارية،33,5% لمدينة 6 أکتوبر(**)، هذا عن النمو السکاني، أما عن النمو العمراني فلم تحقق أي مدينة ايضا معدلات النمو العمراني المستهدف مع ملاحظة اختلاف تلک المعدلات داخل المدينة نفسها اذا ما قورن بين الاستعمالات المکونة لها فنجد ارتفاع نسبة النمو في المناطق الصناعية بل نجد توسع بعض المدن في انشاء مناطق صناعية جديدة خارج نطاق المخطط العام – مثل مدينة العاشر من رمضان والسادس من اکتوبر– في مقابل تدنى معدلات النمو في مناطق الاسکان وبصفة خاصة اسکان الأهالي .وفى هذا الصدد رصدت دراسة تقييم المجتمعات العمرانية الجديدة – کلية التخطيط العمراني – هذا الخلل ان مظاهر الخلل في ادارة تنمية المدن الجديدة في مصر رغم ضعف الموارد المالية والطاقات التشييدية تشير بوضوح الى ان هناک قصورا في اساليب العمل الإداري بأجهزة المدن الجديدة ،مما يحول دون تحقيق الاستغلال الامثل للطاقات المتاحة حتى ولو کانت محدودة .وتکمن مشکلة ادارة عمليات النمو السکاني والعمراني بالتجمعات الجديدة في مدى قدرة سياسات ادارة التنمية على تفعيل ابعاد التوازن بين منظومة التنمية الثلاثية والمتمثلة في (القاعدة الاقتصادية – البعد الاجتماعي – البيئة العمرانية) وعلى ذلک فالأمر يتطلب مراجعة الاسلوب التنموي للإدارة النمو السکاني والعمراني لمثل هذه المدن بحيث يحقق المرونة في مواجهة أي متغيرات مستقبلية تؤثر على استدامة تنمية هذه التجمعات دون ان تفقد المدينة دورها التنموي Increasing the efficacy of the role of new urban settlements in comprehensive development in Egypt is a central government goal, as they constitute a main pillar in the national urban development policy that seeks resolving problems related to increased residential and urban growth in existing settlements, and the disrupted population distribution on the national level. Several studies that evaluated the new settlements experience in Egypt concluded that residential growth rates are very low, except in 15th of May new town due to its location adjacent to Helwan. According to the 2006 census, the percentage of new town residents does not exceed 10% of the projected population in most cases. Similarly, no new town fulfilled targeted urban growth rates, which also vary for different land uses within the same city, where growth rates of industrial uses usually surpass those of residential areas. Tenth of Ramadan new town is an evident demonstration. Managing residential and urban growth in new settlements hence denotes an important challenge, mainly related to the ability of development management policies to accomplish a balance between the three - dimensional development system (economic - social - urban). Hence the research problem tackled in this paper is the way to fulfill development sustainability of new settlements through adequate management of urban and residential growth. The paper hereby aims at evaluating management approaches for urban and residential growth in new settlements, and their level of adaptability to meet changes that could influence development sustainability. Adopted methodology is; first: analysis of planning stance for growth stages in new urban settlements; second: monitoring and analysis of the main principles and strategies guiding the formulation of planning of growth stages in new settlements; third: outlining the direction and features of future residential and urban growth.

Una Política Nacional de Ciudades Justas y Sustentables

Presentation to the Presidential Advisory Committee for a National Urban Development Policy (Chile), containing Principles and Guidelines for Action for a "National Policy Fair and Sustainable Cities".

Una Política Nacional de Ciudades Justas y Sustentables

Presentation to the Presidential Advisory Committee for a National Urban Development Policy (Chile ), containing Principles and Guidelines for Action for a National Policy Fair and Sustainable Cities .

Size Distribution of Metropolitan Areas

Using the Pareto distribution, this paper estimates the size distribution of metropolitan areas in India from 1981 through 2025. Empirical results offer evidence for dispersion of metropolitan population size, notwithstanding the growing concentration of urban population in metropolitan areas as compared to non-metropolitan areas. The economic importance of metropolitan size dispersion is analysed with respect to levels of employment, consumption expenditure and poverty and for select years since 1987–88. The implications of these results are explored for national urban development policy, as they are related to the competitiveness of smaller metropolitan areas to attract national and global business and investments.

Nationale Stadtentwicklungspolitik in Deutschland — Zwischen Versuch und Vision

On 2nd in July 2007 Federal Minister for Urban Affairs, Wolfgang Tiefensee, invited the public to take part in a public dialog on new accents for urban development in Germany by announcing the policy initiative “Towards a national Urban Development Policy in Germany”. The initiative is supported by the Federal State, the Länder and the cities. Main intention of the initiative is to enhance a public discourse on urban development in Germany as well as to create innovations to ensure the social relevance and the productivity of cities in an environment of rapid economical and societal change. The article describes the basic conditions for urban development which have changed in the past years and concludes with regard to the European Level that a national urban development policy is required in Germany.

Mémoire et histoire. Les villes nouvelles françaises

Loïc Vadelorge Memory and history The French New Towns With a wealth of testimony from major players, the French experience of New Towns is now entering the field of historiography. This is when social history puts the break with the past and the exceptional nature represented by this marking moment in national urban development policy back into perspective. A new dialog can grow up between the disengaged witnesses of past action and researchers who seek to illuminate the multiple facets of this experiment.