National Uniformity Research Articles

The impact of dance on fitness: Physical and educational benefits for high school students

Dancing, similarly to all sports, requires excellent stamina and mobility. It improves physical performance, sense of rhythm, mental and psychological development, and shapes personality. Our research examined dance's effect on high school students' fitness status. Our goal was to explore the role of dance education within school frameworks in developing individual abilities and skills. Therefore, we examined the effect of school dance programs on fitness and compared the outcome with the results of students who only participated in daily physical education classes. Furthermore, we studied the effect of folk dance on the performance of students who have dance and physical education classes at school. During our research, we carried out the NETFIT (National Uniform Student Fitness Test) test, as well as an online survey at three schools: Ferenc Medgyessy Grammar School and Vocational Technical School in Debrecen, at Nyíregyháza Art Vocational High School and Esze Tamás Grammar School in Mátészalka. The students of these schools participated in three different exercise programs. The members of the first group had dance classes only, the students of the second group took part in physical education classes besides dancing, and those in the third group did not participate in any form of dance movement at school. The research results show that dance, besides its influence on personality development, has a beneficial effect on fitness and is essential in creating a healthy lifestyle. The outcome of the tests proves that students who, in addition to physical education, participate in a dance exercise program reach significantly higher performance and fitness levels. The results also highlight that many students participating in the dance program choose some kind of sports activity outside school as a hobby.

RELEASE OF NEW HIGH YIELDING MUNGBEAN VARIETY BAHAWALPUR-MUNG-17; SUITABLE FOR PUNJAB ESPECIALLY IN SOUTHERN PUNJAB (PAKISTAN)

Bahawalpur-Mung-17 was developed through a cross between VC-3726 an exotic line received from AVRDC, Thailand, and NM-36 which was a locally advanced line with the bold grain. Bahawalpur-Mung-17 was tested in a series of experiments for production technology and yield performance at the Regional Agricultural Research Institute, Bahawalpur and farmers’ fields in Yazman, Rahim Yar Khan, Hasilpur, Bahawalpur with average yield of 1465 Kg ha-1 coupled with N:P: K dose at the rate of 23:34:25 Kg/ha gave maximum yield when planted in row-to-row distance of 45cm apart. Bahawalpur-Mung-17 yielded among all candidate lines included in the National Uniform Yield Trial (NUYT)-2013 and 2014 with an average yield of 1020 and 1028 Kg ha-1 respectively at 15 locations across the country, with the highest grain yield of 1380 Kg ha-1 at AZRI-Bahawalpur during 2013 and 2475 Kg/ha at NIAB-FSD. Bahawalpur-Mung-17 outclassed, among 18 candidate lines in 2013 and 14 candidate lines in 2014 across the country, and stood on top of the victory stand. Punjab Seed Council approved it for general cultivation in Punjab. Bahawalpur-Mung-17 gave 26 % more yield than check NM-2011 in 2013 and has 8.43 % more yield and potential than best check AZRI MUNG-2006 and NM-2011 and showed moderately resistant to disease Mungbean Yellow Mosaic Virus (MYMV) at maturity, morphologically different from existing mung bean varieties (light green) and drought resistant.

Development of a new hexaploid spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) variety “NIFA NIJAT-23” for commercial cultivation in irrigated areas of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

Sustainable wheat farming requires an ongoing process of variety development, release, and quality seed production of new high yielding and disease resistant varieties. Farmers in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa are currently cultivating several wheat cultivars, including NIFA AMAN-17, NIFA AWAZ-19, PIRSABAK-21, ZARGHUN-21, PIRSABAK-19, GULZAR-19, KHAISTA-17, PIRSABAK-15, INSAF-15, KP-15 and LALMA-13 under both irrigated and rainfed circumstances. The frequent changes in disease virulence, particularly yellow rust and leaf rust observed frequently over the last three years in KP, have forced breeders to develop new resistant varieties in order to increase productivity. The new hexaploid spring wheat variety NIFA NIJAT-23 (CTHN-162056) developed at NIFA has demonstrated resistance to yellow rust during testing in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Wheat Yield Trials (KPWYT) at 13 distinct locations in 2019-20, and this variety with a grain yield of 3337 kg ha-1 has been placed at the third position among 24 test entries. Under normal planting conditions in 2020-21, the NUWYT (National Uniform Wheat Yield Trial) pooled analysis revealed that CTHN-162056 secured the 1st position and provided the greatest mean grain yield of 4701 kg ha-1 across all the candidate lines throughout Pakistan at 31 locations. According to the data reported by the Crop Diseases Research Institute (CDRI), Department of Plant and Environmental Protection, National Agricultural Research Centre (NARC), Islamabad, it has demonstrated highly desirable relative resistance index (RRI) for two consecutive years (2020-21 & 2021-22). The Provincial Seed Council (PSC), Khyber Pakhtunkhwa approved CTHN-162056 and registered as a potential variety “NIFA NIJAT-23”.

SONA SUPER BASMATI: A NEW EXTRA-LONG GRAIN HIGH YIELDING RICE VARIETY WITH EXCELLENT COOKING QUALITY

Abstract Rice crop feeds about half of the world’s population which is getting larger and hungrier with every tick of the clock. Basmati rice being a geographical speciality of Pakistan is widely proclaimed as one of the finest rice available throughout the world due to its unique aroma, taste, and texture. Changing consumer behavior and preferences for basmati rice i.e., extra-long grain length along with excellent cooking quality, reiterates the revitalization of rice breeding objectives to develop suitable basmati rice varieties. In this context, plant breeders at Rice Research Institute, Kala Shah Kaku identified a suitable transgressive segregant from F2 segregating population of a cross (PK 10436) between the famous basmati rice variety “Basmati 515” (female parent) and 99417 (male parent). The initial cross of PK 10436-4-2 was accomplished during Kharif, 2010 followed by its rigorous selection and purification in succeeding generations through the pedigree method till F4 generation in Kharif, 2014. After its development, PK 10436-4-2 was evaluated in Station Yield Trials (Kharif, 2016 - 2019) for various yields and its attributing traits in which it gave a cumulative 31.37 % yield advantage over the check variety (Super Basmati). Meanwhile, multi-locational yield evaluation was accomplished in Micro-plot Yield Trials and National Uniform Yield Trials for two consecutive years (Kharif, 2020 - 2021) at various locations across Pakistan; in which, PK 10436-4-2 out-yielded the check variety by 17.50 % and 19.75 % respectively. In addition to superior yield indices, PK 10436-4-2 showed excellent cooking quality i.e., extra-long grain length (AGL = 9.5 mm; CGL = 17.5 mm), with strong aroma. The aforementioned superior credentials of this candidate line led to its approval for general cultivation as “Sona Super Basmati” in the 56th meeting of the Punjab Seed Council, Punjab, Pakistan. In the future, prospects of cultivating Sona Super Basmati could create new vistas not only in local rice consumption but also in the basmati rice export of Pakistan.

YSH-134 A SWEET STALK SORGHUM HYBRID WITH HIGH POTENTIAL FOR SILAGE PRODUCTION IN PLAINS OF PUNJAB

Ever-increasing population and the impact of high heat, a combination of both diminishing factors place agricultural productivity at risk. Food security is current alarming issue and ringing the bells on the door of stakeholders including breeders to devise appropriate strategies for future needs. The development of hybrids in crops is the only tool to enhance productivity by 2-3 times folds than current potential. The livestock industry is also increasing steeply to meet dairy-related needs and requires high fodder-yielding hybrids to fulfill its functional tasks. The constitution of new and dual-purpose high-yielding sorghum hybrids is a core need to boost production potential in fodder crops. Sorghum provides highly nutritious grain and green parts and requires a limited input supply when compared to other crops. A great improvement potential is present in sorghum crops in terms of hybrid development. Here, this work was performed for the development of a new sorghum hybrid through the ABR system. YSH-134 is a cross combination between CMS-10A and YSS-98 with a higher grain (5000 kg/ha) and fodder (45000 kg/ha) yield potential. This hybrid was tested against the previously released sorghum hybrid Fakhar-e-Punjab. It's the second of its lot and has yield superiority over check hybrid. YSH-134 maintained 3% and 15% yield enhancement at station trials during 2018 and 2020 over check hybrid. Under National Uniform Yield Testing, it showed more prominent and higher yield benefits (19% and 34% during 2019 and 2020, respectively) against its competitor. ANOVA and after ANOVA analysis showed its 14% grain yield increase and 26% fodder production than Fakhar-e-Punjab. This high productivity is owing to the exploitation of heterosis effects lying under this unique cross combination. High-yielding YSH-134 has a highly sweet and juicy stem (15% brix value) with green and broad which can be used as green fodder for the cattle and dairy industry. This work will pave the way to meet future targets through utilizing heterosis breeding and hybrid seed technology. This may help the researcher in designing breeding programs for the development of hybrids for higher yields in green fodder.

The Turbulent Effects of COVID-19 Policy on Australian Federalism and National Uniform Legislation

The Turbulent Effects of COVID-19 Policy on Australian Federalism and National Uniform Legislation

Surgical management practice of pelvic organ prolapse among Ethiopian gynecologists, 2021: a descriptive study

IntroductionPelvic Organ Prolapse is the descent of one or more of the anterior vaginal wall, posterior vaginal wall, the uterus, or the apex of the vagina. Surgical intervention addresses both anatomical defect and associated symptoms. The landscape of prolapse surgery has been evolving constantly over years. Emerging evidences either support or challenge existing surgical treatment options, making urogynecology a dynamic field. In Ethiopia, the surgical management of pelvic organ prolapse has transitioned from abdominal to vaginal hysterectomy, supplemented later by McCall’s culdoplasty. Disparities exist in the national uniformity of surgical approaches, linked to the establishment of Urogynecology centers in certain institutions.ObjectivesThis study was done to assess the surgical management practice of Ethiopian gynecologists on pelvic organ prolapse.MethodsA cross-sectional study encompassing all Gynecologists in Ethiopia took place between January to June 2021. Information was gathered through online Google forms crafted in English. Subsequently, the collected data underwent verification, coding, and entry into Epi info 7 before being exported to SPSS version 22 software for descriptive statistical analysis.ResultsWe reached 280 gynecologists out of the 450 practicing in the Ethiopia making 62% response rate. Anterior colporrhaphy (98.6%), vaginal hysterectomy with McCall’s cul-do-plasty (51.8%), and Posterior colporrhaphy (97.5%) were the most commonly performed surgical procedures for anterior vaginal wall prolapse, apical prolapse (uterine/cervical), and posterior vaginal wall prolapse respectively. Only 3.2% and 0.7% of the gynecologists conducted abdominal and vaginal paravaginal repair for anterior vaginal wall prolapse. Sacrospinous ligament fixation and sacrocolpopexy for apical prolapse were carried out by 32.9% and 9.3% of the gynecologists respectively. Site-specific posterior repair for posterior vaginal wall prolapse was performed only by 23.9% of the gynecologists. The main reasons mentioned not to perform paravaginal repair, sacrocolpopexy, sacrospinous ligament fixation, and site-specific posterior repair were lack of skill and lack of appropriate materials.Conclusion and recommendationMost gynecologists in Ethiopian continue to perform vaginal hysterectomy and colporrhaphy procedures for treatment of pelvic organ prolapse due primarily to lack of skill and appropriate materials to perform the alternative procedures. Implementing short term training on alternative surgical treatment options of pelvic organ prolapse with provision of suitable materials and increasing the number of urogynecologists in the country in the long run holds the potential to enhance the standard of care of women with the condition.

Proton-to-photon comparative treatment planning guidelines for the Australian context.

Proton-to-photon comparative treatment planning is a current requirement of Australian Government funding for patients to receive proton beam therapy (PBT) overseas, and a future requirement for Medicare funding of PBT in Australia. Because of the fundamental differences in treatment plan creation and evaluation between PBT and conventional radiation therapy with x-rays (XRT), there is the potential for a lack of consistency in the process of comparing PBT and XRT treatment plans. This may have an impact on patient eligibility assessment for PBT. The objective of these guidelines is to provide a practical reference document for centres performing proton-to-photon comparative planning and thereby facilitate national uniformity.

Adaptation and High Yield Performance of Honglian Type Hybrid Rice in Pakistan with Desirable Agricultural Traits

Honglian type cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is one of the three known major CMS types of rice (Oryza sativa L.) commercially used in hybrid rice seed production. Hybrid rice generated by the Honglian type CMS is a special group of hybrid rice, having distinct agricultural characteristics. The main objective of the study was to screen out the Honglian hybrid rice adapted for growing in Pakistan based on desirable traits. Different Honglian-type hybrid rice varietieswere tested locally in different locations in Pakistan based on various desirabletraits. Three Honglian types of hybrids (HP1, HP2, HP3) performed well, had better agricultural traits and showed high yield potential over the check variety. Different qualitative and quantitative traits were studied to conclude the advantages of these varieties for Pakistani local adaptation evaluations. Forty-eight SSR markers were used to study the genetic diversities of the hybrids. Nine selected polymorphic SSR markers (RM-219, RM-236, RM-274, RM-253, RM-424, RM-567, RM-258, RM-481, RM-493) showed genetic variations among Honglian hybrid rice varieties through PCR analysis. In 2019 and 2020, the increment of the yield potential of HP1, HP2 and HP3 was better (+43.90%, +35.44%, +37.13% and +30.91%, +33.37%, +33.62%, respectively, in both years)than the check variety KSK-133. All the desirable traits were analyzed through Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The principal components with more than one eigenvalue showed more variability. The average variability of 74.78% was observed among genotypes and their desirable traits in both years. National Uniform Yield Trial (NUYT) and Distinctness, Uniformity, Stability (DUS) trials are being conducted under the supervision of National Coordinated Rice (NCR) and Federal Seed Certification and Registration Department (FSCRD), Government of Pakistan. In the 2020 trial, the average yield of 104 rice varieties/hybrids was 8608 kg/ha; HP1, HP2 and HP3 (8709 kg/ha, 8833 kg/ha, and 9338 kg/ha, respectively) were all higher than the average yield, and HP3 yield was higher than over check varieties (D-121, Guard-53). In the 2021 trial, the average yield of 137 varieties was 7616 kg/ha; the HP1 yield (7863 kg/ha) was higher than the average overcheck varieties/hybrids. Various qualitative and quantitative traits showed desirable genetic diversity among the rice hybrids. It was also observed that, under higher temperatures, the seeds setting rate of Honglian-type hybrid rice was stable, which is the guarantee for stable yield and rice production in Pakistan. Moreover, it was considerably better, suggesting that Honglian-type hybrid rice varieties can be grown in Pakistan because they are less risky under climate change, especially the global warming challenges.

Perceptions on pregnancy and parenthood among program directors in pediatric dentistry.

This cross-sectional study assessed the perceptions of pediatric dental residency program directors (PDs) regarding policies and attitudes on pregnancy and parenthood during residency training. A 28-item electronic survey was administered to PDs of pediatric dental residencies in the United States. Statistical tests were performed. Variables were reported as counts (percentages) and compared using Fischer's exact test and chi-squared tests at a significance level of 0.05. Forty-two of the 97 PDs completed the survey for 43% response rate. Almost all programs had a formal maternal leave policy, but perceptions and policies varied regarding the effects of both pregnancy and parenthood on residents during training. Chi-square results compared if parenthood had a negative impact on the well-being a female trainee versus a male trainee had a p-value<.05. There appeared to be a lack of national uniformity regarding program policies on parental leave. Most PDs perceived having a child during residency had at least one negative effect on their female residents. Finally, PDs were likely to perceive parenthood to adversely impact the well-being and work of female trainees more so than their male counterparts.

SARGODHA BAJRA-2020:A HIGH GREEN FODDER YIELDING MILLETVARIETY WITH BETTER NUTRITIONAL VALUE AND GRAIN YIELD

The demand of high fodder yielding varieties of Pearl millet with better nutritional quality and grain yield is increasing by the livestock farmers. The cultivation of high yielding fodder crops is essential need of the age for livestock industry development, especially in developing countries as Pakistan. Development of high fodder yielding varieties with better nutritional value is a serious need of the time. Sargodha Bajra-2020 variety having high green fodder yield, better nutritional value and grain yield is an open random mating among the linesPCBK-948, N-5, HI-GROUP and POP-6. Above mentioned variety has been proved more successful than the previous SGD-Bajra-2011 variety (check). It produced 3.47% higher green fodder yield with average value of 74.5t/ha as compared to check variety SGD-Bajra-2011with average yield of 72t/ha during kharif 2016&amp; 1.08% higher green fodder yield with an average value of 33.69t/ha as compared to check variety SGD-Bajra-2011with average yield of 33.33t/ha during kharif 2017 in National Uniform Fodder Yield Trials. It has palatability 72.66% as compared to 65.33% in the previous SGD-Bajra-2011 variety (check) Moreover; its green fodder contains 18.55% dry matter, 9.33 %crude protein, 3.67% crude fat. The new variety showed that it was moderately resistant to downy mildew. Agronomic studies revealed that it is fit in a better way with the existing agronomic practices.

A Uniform Chart of Accounts: Strengthening Public Health Practice and Research Through Standardized Financial Data.

The COVID-19 pandemic made the long-standing need for a national uniform financial reporting standard for governmental public health agencies clear, as little information was available to quantify state and local public health agencies' financial needs during the pandemic response. Such a uniform system would also inform resource allocation to underresourced communities and for specific services, while filling other gaps in practice, research, and policy making. This article describes lessons learned and recommendations for ensuring broad adoption of a national Uniform Chart of Accounts (UCOA) for public health departments. Leveraging previous efforts, the UCOA for public health systems was developed through collaboration with public health leaders. The UCOA allows state and local public health agencies to report spending on activities and funding sources, along with practice-defined program areas and capabilities. To date, 78 jurisdictions have utilized the UCOA to crosswalk financial information at the program level, enabling comparisons with peers. Jurisdictions participating in the UCOA report perceptions of substantial up-front time investment to crosswalk their charts of accounts to the UCOA standard but derive a sense of valuable potential for benchmarking against peers, ability to engage in resource allocation, use of data for accountability, and general net positive value of engagement with the UCOA. The UCOA is considered a need among practice partners. Implementing the UCOA at scale will require government involvement, a reporting requirement and/or incentives, technical assistance, financial support for agencies to participate, and a means of visualizing the data.

KHANPUR CANOLA (KN-279); NEWLY APPROVED LONG SILIQUED, BOLD SEEDED, HIGH YIELDING WITH IMPROVED QUALITY, DOUBLE ZERO (00) VARITY OF RAPESEED (Brassica Napus L.)

The promising variety “Khanpur Canola” (KN-279) is an outcome of hybridization (KN-120 × Shiralli) durong 2006-07 and chosen through Pedigree strategy for determination. Homozygous descendants were built in 2014-15 for yield assessment. Its exhibition was assessed in on station, micro yield preliminaries and national level Uniform Rapeseed Yield Preliminary trials. It has demonstrated its worth in all yield preliminaries and its exhibition is superior to every one of the current developed assortments. Its greatest yield of 3400 kg/ha was accomplished in NURYT 2018-19. It produced 22% higher yield in micro yield trials against standard variety during 2016-17. It surpassed the check (Faisal Canola) with 21% better return in National Uniform Rapeseed Yield trials in 2017-18. Similarly, in NURYT 2018-19 KN-279 gave 19% higher seed yield than the check hybrid Hyola 401.Khanpur canola is a striking cultivated new endorsed assortment having great qualities and reasonable for palatable oil creation. It has the erucic acid; 4.04 % and Glucosinolates; 17.20 µ mole/g oil and it gives 40-46 % eatable oil content on extraction. Agronomic examinations uncovered that this assortment needs no unique creation innovation bundle and fit in a superior manner with the current agronomic practices. The competitor assortment additionally showed most extreme aphid resistance when contrasted with the actually agronomic practices. It is reasonable for climatic states of both inundated and rain-fed region of the Punjab.

National Cost Comparisons Between Orthopaedics and Podiatry in Ankle Fracture Fixation

Category: Trauma; Ankle; Sports; Other Introduction/Purpose: Increasing overlap exists between surgical care provided by orthopedic foot and ankle surgeons and podiatrists. Use of either specialty depends on numerous factors including perceived costs. Unfortunately, large scale cost comparisons between the two are lacking. Such data is increasingly important given the current climate of payment reform and cost containment in healthcare. Using national Medicare claims data, we therefore aimed to compare per-case Medicare payments between orthopedic foot and ankle surgeons and podiatrists for ankle fracture fixation. We additionally aimed to describe any differences between groups that may drive differences in payments. Methods: This IRB-exempt retrospective study included patients undergoing either unimalleolar, bimalleolar, or trimalleolar ankle fracture repair as recorded in the national Medicare Limited Data Set (2013-2019). Type of surgeon (orthopedic foot and ankle surgeon or podiatric surgeon) was determined using publicly available healthcare provider taxonomy information available from the Washington Publishing Company ( www.wpc-edi.com ) and maintained by the National Uniform Claim Committee ( www.nucc.org ); crosswalks between Medicare Specialty Code and Provider Taxonomy are publicly available. The primary outcome was total Medicare payments specific to the procedure, as a surrogate for cost (inflation-adjusted to 2019 US dollars). Additionally, patient demographics and hospital characteristics were compared between groups to determine if any specific factors associated with costs may influence group differences. Univariable tests (chi-squared and t-tests; non-parametric tests where appropriate) assessed significance of group differences. Results: Overall, 16,927 unimalleolar; 17,244 bimalleolar; and 11,717 trimalleolar fracture repairs were included. Of these, orthopedic surgeons performed more procedures than podiatrists (86.7% vs 13.3% for uni-; 92.4% and 7.6% for bi-; 92.2% and 7.8% for trimalleolar fracture repairs respectively). The mean and median age (71.6 - 72.7 [70-71] years) as well as the mean and median Charlson-Deyo Comorbidity Index (0.6 - 0.7 [0]) did not significantly differ between patients treated by an orthopedic surgeon or podiatrist (p = 0.157 and p = 0.890 respectively). Regionally, podiatrists saw patients more often in the West and Midwest whereas providers in the South were more often orthopedic surgeons (p &lt; 0.001). Median procedure-specific Medicare payments for all three categories of ankle fracture repairs were significantly lower for orthopedic surgeons compared to podiatrists: $4,156 vs $4,300 for uni-, $4,205 vs $4,379 for bi-, and $4,396 vs $4,525 for trimalleolar, respectively (all p &lt; 0.001). Conclusion: In this analysis comparing Medicare payments between orthopedic foot and ankle surgeons and podiatrists we found that ankle fracture fixation procedures performed by the orthopedic surgeons were less expensive and that cost differences do not appear to be driven by patient characteristics. Additionally, we were able to discern geographic differences regarding practice location of both surgeon types. These data will inform future discussions on how to optimize costs of foot and ankle surgical care.

AUSAF; A HIGH FODDER YIELDING SORGHUM VARIETY WITH BETTER NUTRITIONAL VALUE AND SILAGE QUALITY

The demand of high fodder yielding varieties of sorghum with better nutritional quality is increasing by the livestock farmers. The cultivation of high yielding fodder crops is compulsory need of the era for livestock industry development, especially in developing countries like Pakistan. Development of high fodder yielding varieties which have better nutritional value is a dire need for this region. In this regard, Fodder Research Institute, Sargodha, Pakistan has developed a new sorghum variety ‘Ausaf’ having high green fodder yield and better nutritional value. This variety is an outcome of the selection from local germplasm line S-145 during 2009-2017. It has proved its worth in all the yield trials and its performance is better than the existing Sorghum-2011 variety. It produced 11.60% and 8.25% higher green fodder yield as compared to check variety sorghum-2011 in National Uniform Fodder Yield Trials. Moreover, its green fodder contains 20.88% dry matter, 8.75% protein, 26.94% crude fiber and 3.18% crude fat. The new variety showed that it was moderately resistant to red leaf spot and long smut. Agronomic studies revealed that it is fit in a better way with the existing agronomic practices.

DEVELOPMENT OF A NEW OILSEED RAPE VARIETY NIFA SARSON-T20 THROUGH PHYSICAL MUTAGENESIS

Induced mutagenesis has been proven as one of non-conventional approaches to create genetic variability. In line with the objective to develop a high seed and oil yielding oilseed rape cultivar; 4000 healthy seeds of an advanced rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) line NR-23 having 8 percent moisture were irradiated @ 1, 1.2 and 1.4 kGy in 2010 using cobalt-60 source. Single plant selections were executed based on yield and yield contributing traits following pedigree method of selection from M2-M4 generations. Homozygous progenies of the pedigree number 011-K-16-3 selected from 1 kGy were bulked during 2013. The mutant with line code 011-K-16-3 was evaluated at station and outstation seed yield trials from 2013-14 to 2017-18. The mutant performed better than checks in Preliminary, Advanced, Zonal and National Uniform Rapeseed Yield Trials (NURYT). It has out yielded Hyola-401 and Faisal Canola by 26% and 23%, respectively in the multi-location adaptation seed yield trials conducted at selected sites in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) and Punjab. It has also exceeded the national check Faisal Canola by 5% on location mean basis in the NURYT (2016-17 and 2017-18). It maintained its superiority in oil yields over the check Faisal Canola at station and in NURYTs. It is medium maturing, tall (190-205cm) featured with ramification at middle low, tolerant to alternaria blight, high seed yield (3000-3300 kg ha-1); high oil contents (43-46%) and low erucic acid (&lt; 5%). The Provincial Seed Council approved it with name NIFA Sarson-T20 for growing in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP).

SARSABZ: A HIGH FODDER YIELDING ALFALFA VARIETY WITH BETTER NUTRITIONAL VALUE AND SUITABLE FOR HAY MAKING

The demand of high fodder yielding varieties of alfalfa with better nutritional quality is increasing by the livestock farmers. The cultivation of high yielding fodder crops is compulsory need of the era for livestock industry development, especially in developing countries like Pakistan. Development of high fodder yielding varieties suitable for conservation is a dire need to combat the scarcity of fodders during lean period for this region. In this regard Fodder Research Institute, Sargodha, Pakistan has developed a new alfalfa variety ‘Sarsabz’ having high green fodder yield and better nutritional value with value added quality of hay making due to more number of leaves per plant and less leaves shedding attributes. This variety is an outcome of the selection from base population developed by random mating of five different lines NO.1107; NO.64, R-793, NO.565-85and Sunder during 2006-2019. It has proved its worth in all yield trials and its performance is better than the existing Sargodha Lucerne variety. It produced 6.55% and 11.34% higher green fodder yield as compared to check variety Sargodha Lucerne in National Uniform Fodder Yield Trials. Moreover, its green fodder contains 25% dry matter, 19.6 % protein, 22.7% crude fiber and 1.98% crude fat. The new variety showed better tolerance against diseases (Anthracnose&amp; Stem/Crown rot). Agronomic studies revealed that it is fit in a better way with the existing agronomic practices.

Blunt Traumatic Aortic Injury Management, a French TraumaBase Analytic Cohort

Blunt traumatic aortic injury (BTAI) in severe trauma patients is rare but potentially lethal. The aim of this work was to perform a current epidemiological analysis of the clinical and surgical management of these patients in a European country. This was a multicentre, retrospective study using prospectively collected data from the French National Trauma Registry and the National Uniform Hospital Discharge Database from 10 trauma centres in France. The primary endpoint was the prevalence of BTAI. The secondary endpoints focused chronologically on injury characteristics, management, and patient outcomes. 209 patients were included with a mean age of 43 ± 19 years and 168 (80%) were men. The calculated prevalence of BTAI at hospital admission was 1% (162/15 094) (BTAI admissions/all trauma). The time to diagnosis increased with the severity of aortic injury and the clinical severity of the patients (grade 1: 94 [74, 143] minutes to grade 4: 154 [112, 202] minutes, p = .020). This delay seemed to be associated with the intensity of the required resuscitation. Sixty seven patients (32%) received no surgical treatment. Among those treated, 130 (92%) received endovascular treatment, 14 (10%) open surgery (two were combined), and 123 (85%) were treated within the first 24 hours. Overall mortality was 20% and the attributed cause of death was haemorrhagic shock (69%). Mortality was increased according to aortic injury severity, from 6% for grade 1 to 65% for grade 4 (p < .001). Twenty-six (18.3%) patients treated by endovascular aortic repair had complications. BTAI prevalence at hospital admission was low but occurred in severe high velocity trauma patients and in those with a high clinical suspicion of severe haemorrhage. The association of shock with high grade aortic injury and increasing time to diagnosis suggests a need to optimise early resuscitation to minimise the time to treatment. Endovascular treatment has been established as the reference treatment, accounting for more than 90% of interventional treatment options for BTAI.

Insignia of the Royal Army Dental Corps and Commonwealth Dental Corps

The insignia worn by the British and Commonwealth Armed Services are rich in symbolism and meaning to the corps and regiments that wear them. Originally, before the adoption of national uniforms pre-1700s, there was little to distinguish friend from foe. To overcome that problem, certainly in battle, it was common practice to wear some sort of distinctive emblem, such as a sprig of a native plant. This then developed, in the reign of Charles II, to the custom of individual regiments or corps adopting devices and designs of their 'colours', through to modern cap and collar badges.On the centenary of the Royal Army Dental Corps, this paper gives some insight into those designs adopted by the Royal and Commonwealth Dental Corps, when a distinct service of dental care was recognised. They give a fascinating insight into the adoption and amalgamation of both national and dental symbols. The Dental Corps, separate from Army Medical Corps, went on to develop the vital provision of dental healthcare, both in the field and at home.

Were there national school systems in the nineteenth century? The construction of a regionalised primary school system in Sweden

ABSTRACT The nation-state remains fundamental to our understanding of nineteenth-century schooling, which is commonly referred to in terms of national school systems or national education systems. While nineteenth-century school systems were often national in scope and promoted with the purpose of creating nationally minded citizens, this article examines whether such systems were national in the sense of being designed to impose national uniformity and standardisation on schools, teachers and pupils. Based on an investigation of public regulations of primary schooling in Sweden 1842–1920, this article shows that the Swedish school system promoted regional variation by officially sanctioning a wide range of school types, including ambulatory schools, junior schools and minor primary schools. As a result, this case study encourages considerate use of the term primary schooling and raises questions as to whether nineteenth-century school systems are, in this respect, more aptly described as regionalised rather than national.