National Themes Research Articles

Neo-Colonialism and alienation in African fiction: Ayi Kwei Armah’s Fragments

This article examines the themes of neo-colonialism and alienation in Ayi Kwei Armah’s novel Fragments. It contends that these are two of the most topical subjects within African existence in the contemporary era and are still very directly related to the present African predicament of a seemingly developmentally slow and retrogressing continent. Alienation and neo-colonialism are also inextricably intertwined with the whole question of nation-building and nationalism and directly linked with issues relating to African identity in the aftermath of slavery and colonialism. The discussion suggests that Ayi Kwei Armah’s engagement of the themes of neo-colonialism, alienation, nationalism and nation-building offer some very useful insights into grappling with the present African condition. Ultimately, the point is made that examining and exploring the nature and intricacies of neo-colonialism and alienation of both individuals and community through the experiences of protagonists in the fiction discussed contributes to facilitating an understanding of the project of African self-rehabilitation and reclamation, which are pursued through nation-building and nationalism and which are currently ongoing.

Patriotic education as a basis for strengthening Russian national civic identity: experience of the Republic of Mordovia

Introduction. In modern Russia, patriotism is broadcast by the authorities as the only possible ideology of a democratic state, its national idea, which gives rise to many disputes and discussions within connotational boundaries: “love for the homeland lies outside states and nations – this is an initial, natural, genetic feeling” vs “the idea of sovereign patriotism can and should be the basis of the national idea of Russia”. The purpose of this publication is to consider the conceptual base and the activity of the formation of patriotic consciousness in the period 2012–2020 on the example of a separate subject of the Russian Federation – the Republic of Mordovia. Materials and Methods. The methodology was based on a retrospective analysis, an axiological paradigm, and a systematic approach. Case study was used among the applied methods. The Republic of Mordovia acted as a case, as it is a typical constituent entity of the Russian Federation related to agro-industrial regions, on the other hand as a national republic in which citizens of 119 nationalities live, while the national composition is dominated by Mordovians (Moksha, Erzya), Russians, Tatars. Results and Discussion. In the Republic of Mordovia, as well as in the Russian Federation as a whole, civic and patriotic education and the formation of patriotic consciousness of citizens is implemented through a program-targeted approach. This is expressed in a number of state programs, including “Development of Education in the Republic of Mordovia”, “Development of Culture and Tourism in Russia”, “Counteracting Drug Abuse and Illicit Trafficking”, “Harmonization of Interethnic and Interfaith Relations in the Republic of Mordovia”, etc., and there is a continuity in their adoption and prolongation. Effective vertical and horizontal interagency links have been created for their implementation. In recent years, individual civil society institutions, in particular, socially oriented non-profit organizations, have been actively involved in civic and patriotic education. The work also examines the activity component in the context of the analysis of individual events, graded by the authors for civic and patriotic, social and patriotic, heroic and patriotic and military and patriotic vectors. The problematic area remains the co-financing of state-funded programs in terms of the region’s obligations due to the accumulated problems in the budgetary sphere and, as a result, the highest debt burden of all the subjects of the Russian Federation. Conclusion. In nowadays Russia, the elements of civic-patriotic education are consistently implemented in the state educational, cultural, national, and youth policy. In the Republic of Mordovia, the implementation of patriotic themes is assessed as diversive and it has various formats. It is carried out according to civic and patriotic, socio-patriotic, heroic-patriotic, military-patriotic vectors.

NATIONAL ISSUE IN THE POLITICAL IDEOLOGY OF RIGHT-WING CONSERVATISM: IMPERIAL AND REGIONAL DISCOURSE

The article analyzes the views of right-wing-conservative parties and organizations of the beginning of the 20th century on the national issue. The positions of the right wingers in relation to the Russian people, non-Russian nationalities of inner Russia and the nationalities of national fringes are examined; factors of such differentiation are identified. Particular attention is paid to the peculiarities of the national policy carried on by the right-wing conservative parties and organizations of the Volga region dictated by the multinational and multi-confessional composition of the region. The author singles out positions similar to the All-Russian right-wing parties among the Volga conservatives, in particular in defending the principle of unity and indivisibility of the Russian Empire, preventing dismemberment of the country. The distinctive features of the national issues in the right monarchical parties of the Volga region were determined, they were expressed in the fact that their program platforms included provisions on granting foreigners civil rights which were equal to the ones given to the Russians, on admitting the right to believe in the faith of one’s choice to the non-Orthodox, on using national languages in parallel with the state Russian language. The factors of radicalization among right-wing conservatives of national themes in the conditions of the First World War were noted.

Fantasias on National Themes: Fantasy, Space, and Imperialism in Rebecca West

This article argues that Rebecca West’s sustained scrutiny of imperialism tends to coincide with her theoretical and formalist approaches to fantasy, and from this arises literary innovation significant both to modernist and late modernist contexts. It demonstrates that West’s creative achievement in Harriet Hume (1929), which partially adapts the conventions of other middlebrow and modernist fantasy literature of her day, is usefully read in conjunction with her assessment of interwar geopolitics, and especially her interest in the collective, sociopolitical fantasies that gather around contested national spaces. Furthermore, in Harriet Hume West elaborates a rhetoric of fantasy—stylistically whimsical, and ideologically what might be called a fantasia on national themes—that was elevated to new importance a decade later in her archetypal attack on imperialism, the Balkans travelogue Black Lamb and Grey Falcon (1941).

On Twentieth-Century Literature’s Andrew J. Kappel Prize in Literary Criticism, 2020

The winner of this year’s prize is Annabel Williams’s “Fantasias on National Themes: Fantasy, Space, and Imperialism in Rebecca West.” The judge is Wai Chee Dimock, William Lampson Professor of English and American Studies at Yale University and editor of PMLA. Her books include Residues of Justice: Literature, Law, Philosophy (1996), Through Other Continents: American Literature across Deep Time (2006), Shades of the Planet (2007), and a team-edited anthology, American Literature in the World: Anne Bradstreet to Octavia Butler (2017). Other writings have appeared in the New York Times, New Yorker, Los Angeles Review of Books, and Chronicle of Higher Education. Her new book, Weak Planet: Literature and Assisted Survival (2020), was just published.This year’s winning essay, “Fantasias on National Themes: Fantasy, Space, and Imperialism in Rebecca West,” is exemplary in more ways than one. It makes a wide-ranging and richly historicized claim on behalf of an undertheorized genre: fantasy. It does so by redrawing the architectural as well as geopolitical maps of literature, putting London and Belgrade in each other’s orbit, linking the Georgian mansions of Portland Place to Emperor Diocletian’s palace in Split, Dalmatia. And it puts at the center of modernism two overlooked works by Rebecca West: Harriet Hume (1929) and Black Lamb and Grey Falcon (1941), using these as entry points to a literary network at once populous and phantasmagoric, utterly familiar yet thrillingly off-key. Feminism here crosses paths with imperialism, and characters from E. M. Forster and Virginia Woolf mingle with those from Katherine Mayo and Sylvia Townsend Warner as gendered witchcraft and statecraft collide, in the UK and in India and Yugoslavia.Jacqueline Rose, Tzvetan Todorov, Michel de Certeau, and Edward Said frame these discussions. But the essay is most striking in its granular engagement with the entire West corpus, often drawing on her reviews of other authors to cast light on her own works. West’s definition of fantasy as “the medium which just at this moment” enables authors to be “true children of our age” is taken, for instance, from the 1929 “London Letter” she wrote for the New York–based Bookman, praising David Garnet’s Lady into Fox (1922), Sylvia Townsend Warner’s The True Heart (1929), and Virginia Woolf ’s Orlando (1928). This conception of fantasy as grounded in geopolitics made it possible for West to invoke the 1389 Battle of Kosovo—sealing the fate of the Serbs in the hands of the Ottoman Empire—as a template for understanding British colonialism as it grappled with the demand for self-rule in India. It also allowed her to set herself apart from the Bloomsbury intellectuals, who, according to her, tended “to use the words ‘nationalism’ and ‘imperialism’ as if they meant the same thing.” For West, “There is not the smallest reason for confounding nationalism, which is the desire of a people to be itself, with imperialism, which is the desire of a people to prevent other peoples from being themselves.”Still, the essay makes it clear that West herself is not altogether immune from imperialist urgings. Even as Harriet Hume makes fun of a gullible British public embracing a fictitious “Mondh” as the crown jewel of the British Raj, it names the Indian prince who exploits that gullibility “Caramalzaman,” a name taken from One Thousand and One Nights, popularized in the 1920s by the Ballets Russes’ adaptation of Nicolai Rimsky-Korsakov’s Scheherazade. The stylistic extravagance of Harriet Hume, like the stylistic extravagance of Woolf ’s Orlando, is steeped in the cultural medium that it dissects. It is a modernism that is “part conflict, part dance.” Even as it “deflates the colonizing impulse,” it “plunders its tropes to enrich the novel’s fantastic backdrop.” Tracing this contrapuntal dynamics, the essay gives us a genre saturated by the world and overflowing in its excess, a genre as alive in our own time as it was a century ago.The Andrew J. Kappel Prize in Literary Criticism, named for the late critic and esteemed deputy editor of Twentieth-Century Literature, is awarded annually to the author of a work submitted to the journal during the preceding year that is judged to make the most impressive contribution to our understanding and appreciation of the literature of the twentieth century. Nominees are chosen by the editor of Twentieth-Century Literature and members of the editorial board. A different prominent literary critic serves each year as judge.

The DEMON Network: The first UK network for deep dementia phenotyping

AbstractBackgroundCollaborative interdisciplinary research will be key to advances in dementia prevention, identification and treatment. We established the DEMON Network to revolutionise dementia research by bringing innovators together to harness the power of data science and artificial intelligence with funding from Alzheimer’s Research UK and the Alan Turing Institute. Membership is free, and open to data scientists, dementia researchers, clinicians and industry partners. Benefits include a framework for national collaboration, research initiatives and networking events.MethodThe DEMON Network Steering Committee includes Profs David Llewellyn and Richard Everson (both University of Exeter and Alan Turing Institute), Dr Carol Routledge (Alzheimer’s Research UK) and Dr Sarah Bauermeister (University of Oxford). Membership is coordinated using an online marketing platform. Recruitment is ongoing and has included a press release, a National Institute of Health Research Dementia Researcher podcast, Twitter (@DEMONNetworkUK) and partner organisations such as Dementias Platform UK. A website was developed to feature Network opportunities and member profiles (www.demondementia.com). A Clinical Advisory Panel was established to provide clinical support, and recruitment to a Public and Patient Involvement (PPI) Group is underway.ResultMembership on 20th January 2020 comprised 180 individuals including 19 Clinical Advisory Panellists. 87 members (48%) have expertise in data science, 120 (67%) in dementia research, 48 (27%) clinical, and 16 (9%) in industry. 141 members (78%) are interested in networking events, 136 (76%) in seminars and workshops, 117 (65%) in skills exchange, and 101 (56%) in training and career development opportunities. 17 Regional Leads were recruited through Alzheimer’s Research UK Network Centres to support regional activities, and 4 National Theme Leads (Data Science, Clinical and Early Career Development) were recruited to facilitate strategy development in priority areas. Initial activity includes three datathons run in collaboration with Medical Research Council Dementias Platform UK (MRC DPUK).ConclusionThe DEMON Network has successfully launched and activities are underway reflecting member preferences. A National Strategy Workshop will be convened in 2020. Those interested can join the Network via the website.

СТАНОВЛЕННЯ ТА РОЗВИТОКНАЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ НАРОДНО-СЦЕНІЧНОЇ ХОРЕОГРАФІЇ

У статті проаналізовано джерела та історичні передумови розвитку національної народно-сценічної хореографії. Визначено етапи становлення й розвитку виконавської школи народно-сценічного танцю та балету в Україні, відповідно, проаналізовано зміст та форми народної хореографії, визначено місце і роль танцювального мистецтва у культурному надбанні українців.Визначено плеяду видатних балетмейстерів, які внесли значний вклад у розвиток та пропаганду хореографічного мистецтва. Зокрема, відзначається праця Б. Ніжинської «Рух і школа руху», в якій висвітлюються педагогічні й естетичні погляди авторки та її увага до використання характерного тан-цю у створених нею балетах «Дванадцята рапсодія» на музику Ф. Ліста та «Похоронний марш» на однойменну музику Ф. Шопена. Наголошено про збагачення танцю новими рухами та його поєднання з виразними засобами, якими є слово, музика, світло, танцювальні костюми, бутафорія тощо, за допо-могою яких більш виразно передаються складні почуття та певні життєві ситуації.Велику увагу приділено відстеженню джерел та шляхів становлення й розвитку системи підготов-ки танцюристів від танцювальних студій і шкіл до професійних навчальних закладів та їх засновни-ків: І. Іваницького, Д. Ширая, М. Піона, В. Верховинця, М. Мордкіна, Б. Ніжинської, О. Гаврилової, І. Чистякова.Акцентується увага на побудову та малюнок українських танців (під пісню, під музику, лінійні, геометричні, коло, вуж, ланцюг, лави тощо), їх тематичну направленість (сюжетні, побутові, релігійні, патріотичні, хороводні, національні тощо).Проаналізовано виділення театрального танцю з побутового та його перетворення на самостійний вид сценічного мистецтва – балет, а також подальший розвиток балету шляхом доповнення мораль-них проблем філософськими, казкових сюжетів реалістичними, наповнення національною тематикою балетних вистав.Підкреслено, що засади, на яких ґрунтувалася виконавська школа народно-сценічного танцю на початку ХХ ст., мали глибоке історичне коріння, зокрема, народна хореографія завжди була невід’єм-ною частиною культурного розвитку українського народу. The article аnalyzes the sources and historical prerequisites for the development of national folk-choreography. The stages of formation and development of the performing school of folk-dance and ballet in Ukraine are determined, the content and forms of folk choreography are analyzed accordingly, the place and role of dance art in the cultural heritage of Ukrainians are determined.A galaxy of outstanding balletmasters who have contributed significantly to the development and promotion of choreographic art has been identified. Particularly noteworthy is the work of B. Nijinsky’s Movement and the School of Movement, which highlights the pedagogical and aesthetic views of the author and her attention to the use of characteristic dance in her ballets. Emphasis is placed on enriching the dance with new movements and combining it with expressive means such as words, music, light, dance costumes, intercommunication, etc., which more clearly convey complex feelings and certain life situations.Much attention is paid to tracing the sources and ways of formation and development of the system of training dancers from dance studios and schools to vocational schools and their founders I. Ivanitsky, D. Shirai, M. Pion, V. Verhovynets, M. Mordkin, B. Nizhynsky, O. Gavrilova, I. Chistyakov.Attention is paid to the construction and drawing of Ukrainian dances, their thematic orientation (story, household, religious, patriotic, dance, national, etc.).The separation of theatrical dance from everyday life and its transformation into an independent form of the performing arts – ballet is analyzed, as well as the further development of ballet by supplementing moral problems with philosophical, fairy-tale subjects realistic, filling the national theme of the ballet performances of “Lily” by K. Dankevych. Svechnikov, “Sorochinsky Fair” by V. Gomolyak, “Shadows of Forgotten Ancestors” by V. Kireyko, “Dawn Lights” by L. Dychko, “Kamianar” by M. Skorik.It is emphasized that the foundations on which the performing school of folk-dance at the beginning of the twentieth century was based had deep historical roots, in particular folk choreography has always been an integral part of the cultural development of the Ukrainian people.

Bahia's Independence: Popular Politics and Patriotic Festival in Salvador, Brazil, 1824–1900

Brazil's independence was unique within Latin America. The transition from a colonial holding to an independent nation witnessed no major battles, retained continuity with the same royal family, and, most significantly, produced an empire rather than a republic. Within the limited arena of battles, the most important skirmishes took place around Salvador, capital of the Northeastern state of Bahia. Since the 1820s, patriots there have long labored to preserve this distinction. The creation of a commemorative celebration known as Dois de Julho (Second of July) was central to this effort and has been surprisingly long-lasting in its power to mobilize people in the streets. It is still celebrated today and continues to be one of Bahia's most significant civic festivals, although it never succeeded in achieving status as a national celebration.Hendrik Kraay's book Bahia's Independence seeks to uncover the early roots of this celebration and to trace its transformations over the first century of its existence. Over the course of his work, he argues that the festival was political in its origins and more generally attempts to correct an older historiography that he proposes has obscured the festival's true political origins and significance. Following the contributions of James Sanders and others, he argues that the early years of the century witnessed surprisingly broad and liberal participation in politics at the local level. Insisting that participants were also engaging in nation making through involvement in political events such as the festival, he advocates that politics in early independent Brazil were not nearly so restrictive as once believed.While the framing of Kraay's work engages with these larger political questions, the chapters themselves delve into close and painstaking study of the festival itself and its involvement in the larger Bahian political scene. The first three chapters are dedicated to tracing change over time. In chapter 1 Kraay shows that the origins of the festival, often assumed to be popular and somewhat spontaneous, were in fact more political than early folklorists and historians wished to acknowledge. Kraay situates the festival both as a continuation of civic and religious celebrations of the colonial era and as a tool by local radicals to influence political debates. The next two chapters continue this chronological narrative, revealing a broader popular participation in the 1850s and 1860s that became threatening enough to political authorities who were attempting to impose order that some elements of the celebration were banned altogether. Chapter 4 steps back to try to analyze participants' understanding of the festival, an undertaking made difficult by the uneven record of newspapers during the nineteenth century, the primary source base for Kraay's study. The event was framed without reference to Brazil's system of slavery, although it did incorporate an indigenous female symbol (referred to as a cabocla) as a central icon and element in the celebrations, despite growing discomfort with the symbol at the close of the nineteenth century. Chapter 5 looks at how a dynamic theater scene, charged with developing national themes, took up the topic of Bahia's independence struggles in galas and plays for the elite. And chapter 6 analyzes the battles that unfolded over the placement of and symbols to be used with a monument dedicated to the event. As Kraay shows, though city officials tried to relocate the center of festivities to a more formal square in the center of town focused around the new monument, popular understandings continued to ground the festivities elsewhere.As he moves through the analysis in the course of the chapters, Kraay returns to several larger points. One is that Bahia's focus on battles as the ultimate cause of independence challenged traditional narratives that exclusively privileged the actions of Pedro I. This counternarrative revealed a significant form of radical liberalism in Latin America that early on imagined the nation as having popular roots and origins, albeit with somewhat unclear racial dynamics. A second is that regionalism and nationalism fed into one another, a point well developed for the twentieth century. Kraay suggests, however, that this nineteenth-century regionalism was set apart from its twentieth-century counterparts by the latter's focus on cultural distinctiveness, a contrast that deserves further development.Kraay's research throughout the book is fine-grain and detailed, and he has dedicated 20 years to uncovering all available sources for this study in archives and especially newspapers. The reader, however, may sometimes get lost in the details, particularly in the chapters tracing the festival's alterations over time; more streamlining would have helped the reader hold on to the important points more easily. Such a critique, however, should not take away from the quality of this work. The book's larger arguments are engaging and important, and this meticulous work should interest scholars of nineteenth-century popular politics across Brazil and Latin America.

National image in ukrainian opera: scientific aspect of directing interpretations

The aim of the study is to determine the director's approaches to the creation of national images in Ukrainian opera on the basis of social origin, age, gender, peculiarities of living conditions in a particular environment, the characteristics of the characters. The object of research was M. Lysenko's opera "May Night, or Drowned" in the conceptual design of the composer and his various directorial incarnations. The methodology of research of the chosen problems uses the system-analytical and typological method. Their application contributes to a comprehensive approach in the study of factors shaping the formation of national characteristics of the Ukrainian ethnos, in identifying its individual characteristics and necessary features, their manifestations in creating an artistic image of the character. The relevance of the study is due to the need for historically reliable embodiment of the images of the Ukrainians in today's opera performances. Today's Ukrainian musical theatre, which is developing in the direction of globalization, does not avoid the positive and negative consequen-ces of the so-called "theatrical integration", which, in turn, leads to a conditional image of the Ukrainians, avoiding a historically accurate view of social status, coverage, clothing, character and so on. Often the director's interpretation of the images of Ukrainian characters is simplified, and sometimes distorted due to self-identity. The formation of the Ukrainian ethnos took place under the influence of certain factors that influenced the formation of its characteristics, features of life and customs, traditions, customs, rituals, which requires scientific understanding to accurately reflect these aspects in operas on national themes. Findings and conclusions. The Ukrainian theatre did not escape the influence of globalization and integration processes, which had both positive and negative consequences. The positive ones include allowing Ukrainian artists to join joint international opera’s projects, to solve joint problematic opera`s regimes, to exchange creative achievements and discoveries, and so on. To the negative ones - the mechanical transfer of foreign directing experience, avoiding its rethinking, on domestic soil without taking into account the peculiarities of the mental perception of the Ukrainian ethnic group of foreign traditions, way of life, means of communication and more. The analysis of the scientific work on the selected issues allows to state the fragmentary nature of research in the stage incarnations of artistic images of Ukrainians in the national opera. Solving the national image in Ukrainian opera requires a comprehensive cross-sectoral approach in determining the characteristics of the characters through the prism of ethnic identity, age, gender, social status, which affects their directorial interpretations. The director must conduct research work to determine the factors influencing the formation of the characteristics of a particular character in order to historically and reliably address the image of the Ukrainian in the opera. Isolation of different archetypes of the Ukrainian ethnos allows to create a more complete psychological portrait of the opera character, which, acting in the "proposed circumstances", will be historically authentic, as in the stage image of life, rituals and ceremonies with appropriate selection of means of communication. social status, age, gender and other characteristics of the actors. Prospects for further research are seen in the in-depth study and creation of a historically authentic national image of the character in the musical and theatrical arts.

Global Culture, 1990, 2020

Here I reflect on the main themes of Global Culture, Nationalism, Globalization and Modernity. On these themes, where are we 30 years later? I sidestep the fine print of the 1990 conversations and share notes in brief format on where I have come to in the decades that have passed. I round off with notes on the 2020 conjuncture.

A Research of Design Controller of 3D Printer DLP Technology

Nowadays, 3D printing technology is the national theme in Vietnam. Most countries have national strategies in research and development and widely apply 3D design and printing to all industries, organizations and people. 3D printing technology has been applied in many industries such as automotive, aviation, health, construction, electronics ... Almost all Digital Light Processing (DLP) 3D printing machine on ​​domestic market are imported from Chinese, Korean manufacturers ... with medium quality but high cost. The paper presents a study of application of selected design methods and tools of engineering design process to design DLP 3D printer driver with lower cost but equivalent quality with the other machine in series on the market that are imported from China.

NOGAY CYCLE OF THE KAZAKH HEROIC EPIC

Epic song heritage is an important and significant part of the Kazakh folklore. Important, socially significant issues of the Kazakh epic, an integral and composite part of the global epic heritage – praising the actions of the arrow-hunter, who lives separately from the people, protection of the family, protection of the clan, tribe, El, Motherland from foreign invaders, the struggle for the unity and independence of the people, the struggle for personal happiness, protection of honor and dignity of the individual, glorifying personal qualities of the average member of society, depiction of the internal struggles, religious feelings and affections, as well as interpersonal, intra-family, intra-tribe and inter-tribe interactions, etc. The national theme of protection of the Motherland, being relevant in many periods of history of Kazakhstan, is a dominant theme of the epics with heroic orientation, which received the highest artistic expression in classical samples of the heroic epic which were rightly included into the golden Foundation of the world epic heritage; images of the heroes- defenders became an example to follow for many generations. Heroes of classical samples of the heroic epic, for example, epics "Alpamys Batyr", "Kobylandy Batyr", "Kambar Batyr", etc. protect interests of specific clans and tribes which they lead. Heroes of Nogay cycle of the heroic epic don't protect a specific clan or tribe, but the whole Nogay El. In historical epics, the batyrs defend the interests of the Kazakh khanate, fight for freedom, independence, peace and happy life of the entire Kazakh people. These epic genres give us a panoramic picture of the progressive development of the national epic from the clan-tribal to the State epic. Nogay cycle is a semantically significant part of the heroic Kazakh epic, a symbol of a certain stage of its historical development. Nogay cycle of heroic epic is created within the frame of national epic traditions, however, it is characterized by its specific parameters and features.

LINGUISTIC IDENTITY AND THE IRISH POLITICAL CONFLICT IN BRIAN FRIEL'S TRANSLATIONS: A CULTURAL PERSPECTIVE

Purpose of the study: The study will shed light on Friel's political and national doctrines. The premise of this paper is to define and address the politics of language and language role as a cultural marker in Friel's Translations (1980). The study aims at showing the cultural and political dimensions of linguistic identity.
 Methodology: The methodology adopted in this study is New Historicism. Friel related the historical and cultural context in Ireland to the political scene; the North Irish conflict in particular. Also, the study applied Post-Colonialism as a methodology since translation from Irish to English is not placed in a linguistic form; rather Friel sees it as a betrayal to the Irish national identity.
 Main Findings: The study proved Friel's Translations comes as an affirmation of Friel's cultural and political visions which presented Irish conflict in a dramatic form, yet it proclaims symptomatic employment of the political conflict in North Ireland. The study concludes that the recurrence of the national themes confirmed Friel's plain awareness of the national identity.
 Applications of this study: The findings of this study are useful for researchers who are interested in researching the relation between language and politics. Many politicians have carefully chosen certain expressions either to clarify or mislead people by their language. It would be relevant to investigate the pragmatical aspect of language about political situations.
 Novelty/Originality of this study: This study benefits researcher interested in tracing the cultural depth of the language where culture and politics are interrelated to form an independent identity. The importance of the study is related to its treatment of the issue of translation from the language of the colonized to the language of the colonizer as an act of treason to one's national identity.

Review: Modern Architecture in Mexico City: History, Representation, and the Shaping of a Capital, by Kathryn E. O'Rourke

Review: <i>Modern Architecture in Mexico City: History, Representation, and the Shaping of a Capital</i>, by Kathryn E. O'Rourke

Moral Education Enlightenment of the Classic Patriotic Song “My Motherland and Me”

“My Motherland and Me”, a passionate patriotic song, can stand out from many patriotic themes after more than 30 years of writing, and with the help of “Flash Mob”, a new type of artistic expression, the theoretical self-confidence, road self-confidence, system self-confidence, and cultural self-confidence of socialism with Chinese characteristics over the past 40 years of reform and opening up were passed. It conveys the endless patriotism and nationalism of the Chinese nation, and conveys the strong historical blame of the rise and fall of the world, showing the powerful aesthetic and moral education functions of musical works. Teachers can use “My Motherland and Me” as a teaching case for the collaborative education of moral education and aesthetic education, and from here and there, promote the teaching experience of moral education.

'Millions of Eyes Were Turned Skywards': The Air League of the British Empire, Empire Air Day, and the Promotion of Air-mindedness, 1934-9.

This article investigates the Air League of the British Empire and its attempts to promote air-mindedness within British society in the late 1930s. It draws attention to the Air League's construction of a distinctly militarized aerial theatre-in the form of Empire Air Day (EAD)-and highlights the extent to which the event was embedded in popular civic ritual. Linking the themes of nation, empire, youth, and air-mindedness, the case of EAD provides important insights into the ways in which British society interacted with-and ascribed meaning to-technology, technological change, and modernity, in a period of high international tensions. The article shows that the Air Ministry valued the display as a vehicle for recruitment, propaganda, and as a way to project an image of military strength to domestic and foreign audiences. The display enabled the League to place before the British public a form of 'popular' militarism that was supported by large sections of British society, key military figures, members of the royal family, newspapers across the political spectrum, and by politicians of all stripes. EAD was a politically and culturally acceptable way of promoting rearmament and the military capabilities of the British state.

Queering the Post-Apocalypse in Three Selected Short Stories by Dilman Dila

The Ugandan literary canon is comparable to other regional postcolonial fiction in its obsession with verisimilitude in the representation of nationalist themes, as prominently reflected in the works of eminent Ugandan writers such as Okot p’Bitek, Jennifer Nansubuga Makumbi, and Moses Isegawa. These authors’ seemingly neat and stable critique of Ugandan society through realistic modes of representation has recently been disrupted by works of contemporary writers who experiment with new forms and themes in their writing. While gender and sexuality have been foregrounded in contemporary Ugandan writing, some authors, such as Innocent Immaculate Achan, Lillian Aujo Akampurira, and Dilman Dila, have tried out sci-fi motifs in their works. In this article, I explore how three of Dila’s short stories—“A Wife and a Slave”, “Two Weddings for Amoit”, and “The Taking of Oleng”—use sci-fi tropes with implicit queer tangents to provide insights into post-Armageddon Ugandan fictional futures. I argue that Ugandan sci-fi texts that feature post-Armageddon settings deploy queerness to interrogate how marginal subjects, who are often depicted as metaphors for the redemptive futurity of their societies, use queerness to articulate the trauma of their exclusion from the social collective.

Pisarz „stąd”, „stamtąd” i „spomiędzy”. Mariana Pankowskiego z kulturą narodową przypadki

The article concerns Marian Pankowski, a special case in the history of 20th-century Polish literature. His uniqueness was due to the fact that the writer published books both in Poland and during his emigration, which he chose, but which he did not belong to. This was the reason why he stopped collaborating with the Polish centres in Paris and London. Pankowski settled down in Brussels and became an “artist apart,” suspended between the exile and the homeland. This allowed him to maintain a healthy distance to important national themes, to challenge Polish stereotypes and use provocative language.

From Hunter to Protector: The Invention and Reinvention of the Nuri Talaud

This article describes the ways in which the Nuri Talaud, a small colorful bird located on an island at the northern reaches of Indonesia, first became a hunted commodity and evolved into a thriving protected species. Told from the life history of Om Zaka, a local hunter turned bird conservationist, this article describes the background that shaped the shifting values placed on the Nuri Talaud. The bird initially gained value as a symbol of the state through its selection for inclusion in Indonesia’s national theme park. As a result of its newfound prominence, local hunters emerged to systematically hunt the bird for sale through a network of international species trade. Nearly facing extinction, various actors and initiatives came together to protect the Nuri Talaud. This paper shows the ways in which a species can be targeted to almost extinction, and the processes that can take shape to ensure its protection.

Науково-інформаційне забезпечення національно-патріотичного виховання в Україні

The article highlights the experience of the V. O. Sukhomlynskyi State Scientific and Pedagogical Library of Ukraine on scientific and information support of national and patriotic education in Ukraine through the prism of the prepared information resources. The main works of the library on the outlined topics have been presented, their structure and content have been revealed. In particular, the role of the “Analytical Bulletin in the field of education and science” in meeting the information needs of users has been reflected; analytical and abstract reviews, recommended bibliographic lists of national-patriotic topics have been presented. The methodical recommendations “Patriotic education in school libraries: methods and approaches” have been considered. It has been emphasized that the publication presents a wide range of various forms and methods of library work on national-patriotic education, which contributes to the realization of the educational potential of each librarian. The emphasis has been placed on the structural and semantic characteristics of the scientific and auxiliary bibliographic index “National-patriotic education in Ukraine”. The variety of materials presented in the publication, covering various educational links – from preschool to postgraduate pedagogical education – has been noted. The source potential on the researched issue of the textbook “Anthology of texts on education reform in Ukraine: programs, concepts, projects (1991-2017)” has been revealed. The collections of materials of scientific and practical seminars on national and patriotic themes have been analyzed. The electronic information and bibliographic resource “Outstanding teachers of Ukraine and the world” has been characterized, which promotes the achievements of national education and pedagogical thought and promotes the formation of national and patriotic feelings. It has been reasoned why library specialists carry out an important work on scientific and information support of national-patriotic education.