National Sport Organizations Research Articles

The Practice and Challenges of Women’s Participation in Decision Making in the National Sports Organizations of Ethiopia

The purpose of this study was to investigate the practice and challenges of women executive members intheir participations in decision making in the National Sport organizations of Ethiopia. In the study, 21federations,4 associations and 2 committees were included. We applied descriptive design with qualitativeand quantitative method to conduct the study and the participants,from these organizations, were executiveofficers (n=162), general secretaries (n=27), and experts (n=27). The samples from each of the populationunit were selected using universal sampling technique. For analyzing the collected data, Pearson Chisquare(sig) and descriptive statistics including computation of percentile and mean were used. The resultsreveal that women executive officers in most originations have shown low performance and low participationindecision making and policy implementation of the organizations. The major inhibiting challenges havebeen found to be incompetence (p<0.002), lack of conducive working conditions (p<0.004)and lack of timeto make contribution in the organizations (p<0.006). To increase women’s performance and participation indecision making in the national sport organizations, it is essential to change the work place environment andempower them through recurrent training workshops

The Status and Challenges of Women’s Sport Leadership In Ethiopia National Sport Organizations

Leadership is the process of influencing an organized group toward accomplishing common set of goals, and it can also be defined as the ability of an individual to establish direction for a working group of individuals who gain commitment from this group of members to this direction and who then motivate these members to achieve the direction’s outcomes. The purpose of the Current study was to investigate the status and challenges of women leaders in national sport organizations. Data were collected through questionnaires, in-depth, face to face semi structured interviews, observations and document analysis from 216 men and women leaders and experts in organizations. Qualitative and quantitative data was used to determine the challenges of Women’s leadership s in Ethiopia national sport organization.data analysis focused on the groups that emerged from the collected data. Therefore, thematic analysis was used to accomplish main goals. And descriptive statistics was used in data analysis. This entails the use of frequency distribution tables and percentages to summarize data on the closed ended items in the questionnaire. Analysis of data employed Statistical Package for Social Scientists (SPSS) version 20 softwarewere used to describe the results. The findings showed that the status of women’s in the organization is very low. Challenges that hinder women’s participation in national sport organization includepersonal limitations; lack of professional networks, lack of budget,family responsibilities, socio-cultural factors consisting of traditional practices and society’s perceptions on women’s..

지방체육회 통합 이후의 조직 갈등해결 방안

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze a study on resolving organizational conflicts after Integration of Regional Sports Associations.<BR> Method: Eight relevant persons who had practically resolved the conflicts and problems at the time of integration were selected and analyzed in depth through interviews.<BR> Results: First, in order to form an amicable human relationship, great efforts had been put into the unification especially for the employees at the working level rather than their bosses. This provided an opportunity for employees to converge. Second, it is necessary to make efforts to increase the pride and trust of employees in the profession by adjusting the job grade, promotion of ranks and positions through the coordination of the reorganization, making them realize fairness in personnel policies or promotion through transparent personnel management. Third, due to the change in the business structure by the election of the private president, the relevant department is created. A strategy to invest in local sports associations or promote services in connection with companies in the local community is being prepared. Fourth, in order to prevent the fight on privileged rights through stabilization of event groups, an objective method is adopted in the election of executives for fair elections. Also, efforts are being made to distribute professional & daily sports evenly in various budget areas.<BR> Conclusion: In summary, through the results of this study, the real integration of regional sports associations is being made, and it is expected that they can be used as academic basic data to form advanced national sports organization in Korea.

National sport organisation responses to independent reviews

ABSTRACT Government sport agencies maintain an enduring interest in National Sport Organisations (NSOs) and deploy a number of tools to make them more effective and efficient. Independent, consultant-led reviews are increasingly used to assess aspects of capability, sustainability, governance, management, and programme delivery. However, it is unknown how NSOs respond to these instruments and the latter’s capacity to induce substantive change. This research investigates how and why NSOs respond to independent reviews of their organisations, whether purposefully, passively or politically. Drawing from documents and interviews with NSO officials, findings demonstrate that NSOs respond both purposefully and passively to recommendations advising centralised control over their networks. While there is evidence that responses to reviews invite further state involvement, the mix of responses, along with the finding that ‘reviews beget reviews’, suggests NSOs maintain considerable agency to ‘muddle through’ recommendations. This study speaks to why reviews may be repeated and why they may face increasing scepticism.

Using Communication Boundaries to Minimize Athlete Social Media Distractions During Events

Sport organizations regulate athletes’ use of social media for many reasons including the protection of the organization’s reputation. Several strategies have been introduced to minimize issues related to the negative consequences athlete social media use may present, yet whether these strategies also work to address social media distractions experienced by athletes during major sport events is not well known. Utilizing communication privacy management (CPM) theory, the purpose of the current research was to examine the aspects of social media that sport administrators perceive to be distracting to athletes and what support and management mechanisms are utilized to address such concerns during major sport events. Semi-structured interviews (N = 7) with Australian national sport organizations (NSOs) administrators were conducted. Sport administrators reported several aspects of social media that are perceived to distract athletes including personal and performance criticism and a fixation with social media profiles. Social media could also be used to manage athlete temperament. As a result, organizations highlighted both proactive and reactive communication boundaries and mechanisms that could be used to address concerns including content restrictions, best practice case studies, engaging in conversations, and monitoring. Opportunities for sport practitioners are described including conducting consultation sessions with athletes to better understand their needs regarding their social media use.

The processes by which the national sport organization influences international sporting competitiveness:

The processes by which the national sport organization influences international sporting competitiveness:

An application of the sports logistics framework: the case of the Dallas Cowboys

Global, national and regional sport organizations heavily rely on logistics management practices in their operations. However, scientific research in sports logistics is in its infancy, with conceptualizations of the sport logistics domain proposed only recently. In response and by using a reoccurring professional sport event as a case, this study applies the Sports Logistics Framework (SLF) to systematically assess logistics activities, organizational structures, resources and components. Based on semi-structured interviews, unstructured participant observation, internal documents and additional secondary data, our findings not only provide insights into the logistics operations behind a matchday of one of the leading and most valuable sport competitions in the world, but also contextualize, illustrate and refine the logistical tasks of the SLF, thereby providing a template which can be used for further comparison and examination of logistics activities at similar sport events.

WITHDRAWN: Managing Sport for Development: An Investigation of Tensions and Paradox

ABSTRACT The professionalization of sport for development (SFD) has resulted in the evolution of increasingly complex organizational environments. As such, these initiatives are often balancing divergent goals such as financial, sport and community outcomes. However, previous research provides minimal insight into how SFD managers handle such tensions, and frequently oversimplifies the realities of these conflicts. To address this knowledge gap, we aim to explore the experiences of SFD managers employed within Australian National Sporting Organizations engaged in SFD programming across Asia and the Pacific. Adopting a basic qualitative methodology, our findings demonstrate how managers are challenged with complexities, tensions, and resourcing. Drawing upon paradox theory, our results also highlight how managers navigate these challenges, including scaling back programs, collaboration, promoting work, fostering local autonomy, and seeking synergies. Through this study, we build upon theoretical understandings of SFD management roles and paradoxes. Further, we offer practical insight into the challenges and strategies of managing SFD hybrids.

Aetiology and incidence of sudden cardiac arrest and death in young competitive athletes in the USA: a 4-year prospective study

ObjectiveTo investigate the aetiology and incidence of sudden cardiac arrest and death (SCA/D) in US competitive athletes.MethodsProspective surveillance was conducted from 1 July 2014 to 30 June 2018 through the...

Leadership in and out of the sport boardroom: new empirical insights

ABSTRACT Research Question The aim of this paper is to increase understanding in the area of leadership at the governance level of nonprofit sport organizations. Specifically, we aim to explore how intra-board leadership at the national level influences the overall leadership capacity of a federal network. Research Methods In gathering new empirical evidence, the authors adopted a qualitative case study method focusing on a national sport organization operating within the Australian nonprofit sport industry. 12 interviews were conducted with current and former board members of the organization including the current and former Chief Executive Officers to gain new insights into the practice of leadership within non-profit sport governance. Interviews were analyzed using an interpretive process, and, a thematic structure relating to leadership in the non-profit sport governance context was developed. Results and Findings Leadership roles of the board, intra-board collective leadership, inter-board collective leadership, and individual and organizational leadership behaviors and actions emerged as the key themes in the research. Implications These themes combined with existing literature, notably an existing working model of leadership in this domain, are integrated into the paper to shed new light on this emerging area of inquiry. We offer a number of suggestions for future research to further increase understanding and to refine, test, critique, and elaborate upon our findings in this work.

An Analysis of Training-Related Outcomes Within Canadian National Sport Organizations

Past research has demonstrated that human resource training often results in improved individual and organizational performances. Yet, the focus has been on whether or not training has an impact on performance, rather than the nature of that impact. The purpose of this study is to investigate the nature of training-related outcomes in the context of one training program within the Canadian national sport sector. Interviews were conducted with key representatives from 12 Canadian national sport organizations. Findings showed the manifestations of performance change that occur as a result of training, revealing a new way of thinking at the individual level, a new way of doing within group and organizational processes, and a new way of being across organizations. Three theoretical perspectives—interpretation, learning, and institutional—are used to frame the discussion of the findings. Implications for practice and future research are presented.

A general assessment on alcohol use and smoking within the framework of child protection in sport programmes

The purpose of this study is to provide an analysis of policies regarding alcohol use and smoking within the scope of Child Protection in Sport Programmes. Documents of international and national sports organisations have been reviewed using a document analysis technique. Findings of the research have been used in the study by way of a content analysis method. National and international sports organisations have set up various alcohol and cigarette policies with the intention of preventing child abuse in sports environments by being a role model to children, encouraging children not to acquire bad habits and thereby creating a healthier society. Consequently, policies regarding alcohol use and smoking will be recommended as part of the child protection scheme within the sports system in Turkey.

Women representation in the boardroom of Canadian sport governing bodies: structural and financial characteristics of three organizational clusters

ABSTRACT Research question: This study examines how Canadian sport governing bodies with different levels of women representation on their boards differ in terms of their structural and financial organizational characteristics. Resource dependence theory and critical mass theory guide the study. Research methods: Data from national, provincial, and territorial sport organizations were collected (n = 270) and entered into cluster analysis. Analyses of variances were used to test for significant differences between clusters. Results and findings: The cluster analysis yielded three clusters: Organizations with low women representation (1.5 women; share of women: 15.9%), medium women representation (3.9; 44.9%), and high women representation (7.9; 77.8%). The three clusters differed significantly regarding board size, type of organization, organizational age, number of memberships, and logged per capita revenues. High women representation organizations were on average significantly younger and had more memberships, while those with medium women representation generated higher per capita revenues. Implications: The findings allow formulating more targeted policy initiatives for promoting gender diversity in sport boards. Research contribution: Rather than only describing women representation in sport boards, the present analysis provides a typology and links the resulting clusters to a number of structural and financial organizational characteristics.

National ‘Sport for Development and Peace’-programmes in light of UN recommendations and national sports organisations’ endeavours. A document analysis of the role of ‘Sports’ in Germany’s development policy

Sport and physical activity have become an integral part of development policy in many countries of the world. However, national governmental organisations act in a complex setting of multiple stakeholders. Among the most notable influential stakeholders in the ‘Sport for Development and Peace’ field are international bodies such as the United Nations as well as national sports organisations. Against the backdrop of a systems theory based governance concept, we inquired into the effect of United Nations’ recommendations and endeavours of national sports organisations on the use of SDP. Therefor we conducted a content analysis of German development policy documents related to SDP. The qualitative content analysis revealed that national SDP-programmes are oriented towards the United Nations’ proposals on a normative-strategic level. Nevertheless, national sports organisations appear to have a great influence on the planned measures and projects on an operative level, partly contradicting the United Nations’ recommendations.

Brand governance in National Sport Organizations

Brand governance in National Sport Organizations

Generational differences in the ranking pathways of top 100 ranked golfers

ABSTRACT The Official World Golf Ranking (OWGR) offers a rich data source that may be used by golf National Sporting Organisations (NSOs) to inform the allocation of human and financial capital. Golf has undergone many changes over the past few decades, thus before rankings data can be used for benchmarking purposes it is crucial to appraise its temporal stability. This study aimed to determine whether the ranking pathways of top 100 golfers have changed over time. Data were collected on 470 golfers who entered the top 100 between January 1990 and December 2018. Golfers were assigned to birth-year defined cohorts: Cohort 1 (1989–1999) (n = 79); Cohort 2 (1979–1988) (n = 153); Cohort 3 (1969–1978) (n = 174); and Cohort 4 (1959–1986) (n = 64). Descriptive statistics were reported for ranking milestones and one-way ANOVAs used to investigate temporal trends. Golfers from younger age cohorts reached milestones at significantly earlier ages and in less time than their older peers. For instance, the time taken to reach the OWGR top 100 for Cohort 1, 2, 3, and 4 was 3.55, 5.99, 7.72, and 10.23 years, respectively. Together, these findings highlight the temporal instability of golf rankings data and provide scientific data to inform athlete selection and investment decisions.

Success or failure? Predicting the financial performance of United States national non-profit sports organisations using binary logistic regressions

ABSTRACT Rationale/purpose: This study aimed to predict the financial performance of United States national non-profit sports organisations (NNPSOs) using financial effectiveness indicators and financial efficiency ratios – framed under the stakeholder and resource-dependency theories. Design/methodology/approach: Panel data were analysed using binary logistic regression and Kendall Tau correlations. The dependent variable was a financial performance (determined by net income), and the independent variables were financial effectiveness indicators (measured by total assets and total revenues) and financial efficiency ratios (indicated by return on assets and program services ratios). Findings: The overall predictive correctness was 81%. Program services ratio and return on assets were the two best predictors of net income, indicating that efficiency is more superior than effectiveness. Correlations indicated a positive and statistical association between net income and assets, revenues, and return on assets, but not program services ratio. Practical implications: For top management, donors, and policy advocates, the study highlighted the superiority of financial efficiency over financial effectiveness. Research contribution: The study adds to research, theory and practitioners’ perspectives by offering a new way of evaluating financial performance with the combination of financial effectiveness and efficiency, but not opinions – a factor uncommon in previous studies.

An Institutional Work Perspective to Performance Management: The Case of Botswana National Sport Organizations

Performance management practices are used by organizations to monitor the efficiency and effectiveness of organizational processes. However, how National Sport Organizations adopt and implement these practices is still unknown. To fill this gap, this research investigates how and why performance management practices are adopted and implemented by National Sport Organizations. Data was collected from documents, 31 semi-structured interviews and five focus group meetings held with 14 Botswana National Sport Organizations and 10 of their stakeholders. The results indicate that stakeholders and individuals within National Sport Organizations play different roles in the creation and maintenance of performance management practices. This information can help sport managers to improve how they implement performance management practices, ensuring the efficiency and effectiveness of their organizational processes and the satisfaction of their stakeholders.

The Effect of COVID-19 Pandemic on Ice Hockey Sport

İlk defa 2019 Aralık ayında Çin’in Wuhan kentinde ortaya çıkan koronavirüs (COVID-19) salgını tüm dünyada etkisini göstermeye başlamıştır. Dünya Sağlık Örgütünün (WHO) talimatları ve direktifleri doğrultusunda sorunun çözümü için ülkeler ile iş birliği içerisine girilmiştir. İş birliği sadece sağlık boyutunda değil eğitim, ekonomi, turizm ve spor gibi birçok alanda etkisini göstermiştir. Salgının önlenmesi ve tedbirlerin daha sıkı gerçekleşmesi amacıyla ulusal ve uluslararası spor organizasyonlarında alınan birtakım önlemler buz hokeyi sporunu da etkilemiştir. Uluslararası Buz Hokeyi Federasyonu, ulusal ve yerel yönetimler COVID-19 pandemisinin etkisini azaltmak amacıyla spor faaliyetlerinin yürütülmesinde çalışmalar yapmıştır. Bu çalışmada, COVID-19 pandemisinin buz hokeyi sporuna etkisi ve spor ile sağlık arasındaki ilişkinin açıklanması amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmada, genel tarama ve dokümantasyon metodu ile veriler elde edilmiştir. Pandemi sürecinde Olimpiyatlar, Dünya Şampiyonları, Kupa karşılaşmaları, ulusal ve yerel birçok spor organizasyonu etkilenmiştir. Sonuç olarak, virüs nedeniyle Dünya’da Aralık 2019’dan itibaren birçok spor etkinliğini ertelenmiş veya iptal edilmiştir. Bu durumun temel nedeninin, insan sağlığı ve çözüm odaklı kazanımlar olduğu görülmüştür.

Examining collective board leadership and collaborative sport governance

ABSTRACTRationale/Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to examine how a board of a National Sport Organisation perceives collective board leadership in order to govern collaboratively in a federated sport network of state/regional sport organisations.Design/Methods: A sample of three boards from the golf network in Australia was used to investigate the presence of collective board leadership and collaborative governance. Sixteen interviews were conducted with directors from Golf Australia, Golf Victoria and Golf South Australia to explore their perceptions of leadership practice by boards across the golf network.Findings: Respondents offered a view of leadership that seemed to align with a leader-centric perspective, as distinguished from collective leadership. This finding suggests that the concept of collective board leadership may be too new and does not yet resonate with directors in this study.Practical Implications: Provides a focus on the place of leadership in the study and practice of governance.Research Contribution: This paper extends knowledge by examining perceptions of how boards view collective leadership when seeking to govern collaboratively. Results from this study provide further insights building on the extant literature to the importance of a collaborative approach to governance, which in effect, shaped the leadership style of a board.