National Spatial Development Research Articles

Spatial-temporal dynamics and driving factors of urban construction land in mega cross-river mountain cities: A case study of Chongqing's central urban area, China.

The evolutionary model of construction land serves as a fundamental pillar in national spatial development and planning research. However, previous studies have overlooked the "climbing" mode of construction land on three-dimensional terrains. To address this issue, utilizing elevation data and land use data from 2010 to 2020, this study employs slope analysis, intensity analysis, spatio-temporal transformation, and PLUS model to elucidate the spatial expansion process and driving forces of urban construction land in Chongqing from both two-dimensional and three-dimensional perspectives. The findings indicate that: (1) From a three-dimensional topographical standpoint, between 2010 and 2012, construction land gradually expanded towards low-slope areas, whereas between 2012 and 2020, it progressively extended into high-slope regions. (2) Regarding land type conversion patterns, the shift from arable land to construction land demonstrates a systematic inclination, while other transformations exhibit absolute or relative tendencies. Conversely, the conversion from construction land to arable land also displays a systematic pattern. (3) Since 2010, the growth process of construction land has transitioned from slow-equilibrium to rapid-disequilibrium with an expanding spatial disparity. (4) Most areas maintain relatively stable spatial conditions without significant jumps or transitions observed. (5) The expansion of construction land in Chongqing is primarily influenced by terrain, river, tunnel, rail transit, and other factors. The outcomes of this study can provide scientific foundations and decision-making references for rational planning in similar cities characterized by mountainous landscapes intersected by rivers.

LONG-TERM PRIORITIES OF SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT OF RUSSIA'S ECONOMIC RESOURCES

The modern spatial development of the Russian economy in the context of diverse and tough challenges is gradually undergoing significant changes based on long-term transformational transformations. At the heart of this kind of new cardinal paradigm is the transition to the historically most acceptable Russian civilizational platform. But this transition simultaneously marks a fundamentally different vision of the entire long-term national social trend, including socio-economic and spatial development at the stage of progressive progress towards a new economy. This article examines the strategic priorities of the spatial distribution of Russia's economic resources in the long term The purpose of the research is to present the interaction and continuity of the basic foundations and long-term priorities of Russia's spatial development. Results. The long-term priorities of the spatial distribution of economic resources are presented in the context of two groups: national doctrines (basic foundations) and general long-term priorities. In a fundamental aspect, the first group can be considered fundamental for ensuring the requirements of national security, the most important condition of which is the realization of Russia's national interests and strategic priorities. At the same time, the totality of the components of this group can also be considered as a basic theoretical and methodological imperative for the second group of resource priorities of a functional and applied nature.

Applications of Machine Learning in National Territory Spatial Planning

National territory spatial planning guides national spatial development and the spatial blueprint of sustainable development [...]

Navigating governance with sticks, carrots, and sermons: Paving paths for sustainable development goals through local spatial planning

AbstractThe 2030 Agenda underscores the vital role of local authorities and civil society in implementing sustainable development goals (SDGs). Aligning with this agenda, the EU's spatial development framework imparts normative values, emphasizing sustainable territorial development, participatory governance, and multi‐level cooperation. This framework serves as a potential facilitator for spatial planning to ensure policy coherence in SDG implementation. Despite its potential, mainstreaming the 2030 Agenda through spatial planning encounters challenges, particularly navigating unresolved tensions between global SDG formulation and local ownership. These challenges are accentuated in countries with conformative planning systems and weak governance structures, requiring a specific methodological approach. To address these complexities, this study investigates the opportunities for leveraging SDGs within the multi‐level governance arena of spatial planning. Employing mixed quantitative and qualitative data analysis methods in a local planning context, the research explores key concerns arising from regional, national, and EU spatial development policies. The study delves into their potential leverage capacity for guiding and funding SDGs within a specific local context. Results suggest that using different policy mechanisms, spatial planning can better address the holistic nature of the 2030 Agenda. Although not all SDGs can be leveraged, a substantial part can be addressed whenever a broader multi‐level governance perspective is considered within local planning contexts.

Trajectories and problems of the current spatial development of Russia’s European Near North regions

This article employs a comprehensive economic and geographical approach to examine the extensive European segment of Russia that extends north of the Moscow region – the area commonly known as Blizhny Sever (Near North). New challenges require an improvement of Russia’s spatial development strategy. The case of the region is used to illustrate the possibility of a multiscale approach to identifying socioeconomic contrasts within regions and describing the interdependent development of their parts. The study analyses population change trends from 1990 to 2022 alongside the territory’s migration patterns, employment trends and infrastructure development. The spatial approach is crucial in this context, owing to the natural variations within the macroregion, the suburban-peripheral contrasts and the growing role of the central cities. The study closely examines the eastern part of the macro-region, from Yaroslavl to Kirov. The compression of developed areas and the degradation of essential living conditions have been the most pronounced trends in the post-Soviet period, along with organisational and economic changes in key economic sectors. The study also explores how the impact of regional centres on surrounding areas changes with distance. It places emphasis on the shifting paradigm of agricultural land use under new institutional and economic conditions, the increasingly patchwork character of farming and the implications of the focus on animal husbandry. The work relies on analysing municipal-level statistical information and the extensive use of maps. Identifying both relatively successful and highly problematic areas within this vast macro-region can aid in devising new visions to enhance national and regional spatial development strategies.

Complex Analysis of the Territorial Development of Csongrád-Csanád County

Abstract The study focuses on the county of Csongrád-Csanád and its districts, looking at the relative social and economic development of the districts and the direction of territorial changes in each district. The territorial development differences of the districts of Csongrád-Csanád county were mapped in two years, 2014 and 2020. Based on the indicators defined in Government Decree 290/2014 (XI. 26.), new indicators were developed. Subsequently, the economic, social, infrastructural and employment data of the districts were examined using a complex development indicator. The data for the analysis of the districts were provided by the Regional Statistical Information Database of the Central Statistical Office (KSH) and the National Spatial Development and Planning Information System (TeIR). The county covered by the study comprises seven districts: the districts of Csongrádi, Hódmezővásárhelyi, Kisteleki, Makói, Mórahalmi, Szeged and Szentes.

Urbanization in Algeria: Toward a More Balanced and Sustainable Urban Network?

Before colonization, Algeria was primarily a rural country with a nomadic and semi-nomadic population. However, significant changes occurred during and after the colonial era as modernization efforts were implemented. This paper provides a regional overview of Algeria’s pre-and post-millennium urban development based on census population data expressing the quantitative side of urbanization. Our analysis focuses on three aspects: regional structural tendencies of urbanization, sources of urban growth, and the current state of Algeria’s urban network. We contextualize our findings by comparing them with the existing literature and the priorities outlined in the country’s National Spatial Development Plan 2025. Our research suggests that: (1) First-stage (concentration) and second-stage (suburbanization) urbanization features, as well as internally and externally determined development, characterize Algeria’s urban network. (2) A decreasing and regionally differentiated urban growth rate indicating a moderate shift towards non-coastal regions and the above-average dynamics of large cities and smaller towns can be observed. (3) The significance of natural growth as a source of urbanization is higher than the contributions of rural-urban migration and new “de jure” towns. However, these factors are differentiated among the regions, highlighting the secondary role of rural-urban migration in the internal peripheries and the importance of new “de jure” towns in the densely populated and urbanized northern regions. (4) Algeria’s urban network is divided into three sharply differentiated zones that have experienced only moderate changes. We regard this shift toward a spatially more balanced urban network as a factor supporting but not guaranteeing sustainable development.

Formalization of Regional Strategies with Allowance for the Long-Term Consequences of the Interaction between Internal and External Components of Regional Socio-Economic Systems

Aim. The presented study aims to define a methodological approach to the formalization of regional strategies with allowance for the prospective benefits from the interaction between internal and external components of regional socio-economic systems for the national economy.Tasks. The authors determine the essence of strategic management of regional development by analyzing the internal processes of the interaction between subsystems, components, and elements of the region as a complex socio-economic system; compare the specific features of the functioning and interaction of administrative divisions in a planned and market economy; substantiate the principles of mutually beneficial interregional interaction and the need to improve supra-regional economic efficiency in view of the allowance made for the projected effects of interregional interaction in rational strategic planning; define the concept of strategic management of regional socio-economic systems and formulate an approach to the formation of the management process.Methods. This study use general scientific methods, including systems analysis, synthesis, induction and deduction, detalization and generalization, modelling.Results. The process of formation and coordination of regional strategies is conceptualized as a basic element of the organizational mechanism of strategic management of the functioning and development of regional socio-economic systems. A system diagram is provided that makes allowance for three hierarchical levels of management (federal, interregional, regional), each acting on the appropriate level of abstraction and introducing its inherent critical aspects of rational planning of national spatial development. It is shown that strategic planning of interregional interaction at the supra-regional level makes it advisable to develop multi-regional, multi-sectoral computer models that would help to achieve a state of interaction close to economic equilibrium, thus ensuring future functioning of the national economy based on the planning principle applied in a brand new way.Conclusions. The system of strategic management of regional development and interregional interaction should be a multilevel, hierarchically ordered mechanism for the formation and implementation of a strategic plan for the spatial development of the country. Such a system should be aimed at functionally maintaining social and economic, planned and competitive balance between national expediency determined by state strategic priorities and independent regional development guidelines without degenerating into bureaucratic formalism when creating regional development concepts on the one hand and without turning into a constant competitive struggle of divergent interests of the regions on the other. It is advisable to develop an integrated (supra-regional) approach to the strategic management of regions as regional socio-economic systems based on the conceptual organizational-managerial mechanism for their functioning and development. This approach should be aimed at achieving the planned supra-regional efficiency (socio-economic balance) using not-yet-manifested projected interregional synergetic and agglomeration effects from the use of interregional (national) infrastructure, scientifically based implementation of absolute and relative regional advantages in the process of determining and planning future regional specialization at the federal level, deployment and development of the territorial cores of intersectoral clusters serving as the starting points of growth for an optimally balanced crystal lattice of spatial development on the national scale, implementation of interregional interaction of expected quantity and quality, mathematically justified with allowance for the needs of interregional and intersectoral exchange, intra- and intersystem structures, elements, communicative relationships, dynamics and stages of the life cycle of industries, organizations, the ability to adapt to changes in the external environment of the regions included in the system.

Earth observation and geospatial big data management and engagement of stakeholders in Hungary to support the SDGs

ABSTRACT To support the monitoring and reporting processes during implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals, well-developed, commonly recognized Earth observations and geospatial data, methods, innovations, committed professionals, and strong sustainability policies are necessary. This article informs the readers on the Earth observation and geoinformation developments and innovations, and on the engagement of profession, academy and governance to support implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals in Hungary. Description, analyses and critical assessments are given on the elements selected from Hungarian sustainable-oriented Earth observation and geospatial novelties: (a) Working Group for Sustainable Development mission and national sustainability-policy, (b) international partnerships, domestic activities and achievements, (c) status of the professional education, (d) spatial databases and services to support implementation of the sustainable development, (e) a case study on the internationally recognized soil geoinformation system, (f) national Earth Observation Information System and perspectives of its applications for monitoring the sustainability. The article conclusion strongly advises the Hungarian realization of (a) institutionalization of the Earth observation and geospatial tools and capacity for sustainable development, (b) their use in integration with statistical data, (c) establishment of national spatial information infrastructure and (d) development and spreading of the use of big data.

Defining Landscapes, and Their Importance for National Identity—A Case Study from Slovenia

Although each landscape has its own identity, only some of them are recognized as nationally important because of their cultural and natural values and their contribution to national identity. In Slovenia, these landscapes are listed in the national Spatial Development Strategy (adopted in 2004). However, this list was neither supported by implementation instruments nor integrated in any conservation or management policy documents and was poorly integrated into spatial plans. The aim of this research was to renew the methodology for identifying landscapes of national importance. The methods included in-depth interviews with experts, an online questionnaire, participatory workshops, and field visits. The questionnaire results showed that only eight landscapes from the original list of 62 were explicitly recognized as nationally important, which confirmed the hypothesis that the initial method was not transparent and that the criteria were biased. The proposed approach included the following criteria: (1) representativeness, (2) the quality of the landscape features, and (3) the cultural and scientific value. The methodology was accompanied with the list of landscape features and landscape types that are important for Slovenian national identity; recommendations for implementing the method on national, regional, and local levels; and the general guidelines for spatial planning and management of these landscapes.

Threats to National Spatial Development: Features of Assessment

Aim.The presented study aims to assess threats to national spatial development, determining the significance of each threat.Tasks.The authors identify factors that influence the specific aspects of the national socioeconomic system's spatial organization; propose and test methodological tools for assessing parameters that make it possible to determine the scale of such threats.Methods.This study uses a proprietary methodology to assess the features of spatial transformations by determining the values of a set of indicators. These can be interpreted by comparing the obtained values with threshold values, each determined individually, making it possible to calculate the significance of the estimated risk (red, yellow, or green zone).Results.By summarizing the scientific literature, the authors identify factors of spatial development in the Russian Federation related to the parameters of spatial integrity, connectivity, uniformity, and efficiency of use. An algorithm for analyzing threats to national spatial development is proposed, which makes allowance for these specific factors. Indicators that characterize the state of each factor and criteria that make it possible to interpret each of the considered parameters are selected. Testing of the proposed methodology shows the significance of threats to spatial development in the Russian Federation. The threat of disrupting sustainable infrastructure connections between territories has a high degree of risk. The prospect of losing certain elements of the country's spatial framework, increasing spatial fragmentation, reducing connectivity and efficiency of the socio-economic space have a moderate degree of risk (although gradual deterioration of parameters associated with these threats could complicate the situation in the future, moving these threats to the "red" zone).Conclusions. Testing of the proposed methodological tools makes it possible to identify threats to national spatial development and assess their significance for Russia. The results obtained can be useful to federal authorities responsible for implementing regional policies and setting guidelines for the country's spatial development.

青藏高原国家公园群地域功能与结构研究

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 青藏高原国家公园群地域功能与结构研究 DOI: 10.5846/stxb202005061121 作者: 作者单位: 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究（2019QZKK0401）；中国科学院战略性先导科技专项（A 类）子课题（XDA20020302）；三江源国家公园联合研究专项（LHZX-2020-05） Regional function and spatial structure of National Park Cluster in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Author: Affiliation: Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:青藏高原国家公园群建设是促进青藏高原地区可持续发展的重要模式探索。解析地域功能、建构有序的空间组织模式是其关键科学基础。基于青藏高原科学考察研究队提出的国家公园群建设方案，从地域功能和空间结构上进行了探讨。研究认为青藏高原国家公园群具有生态保育功能、生活保障功能和游憩公益服务功能，并表现为空间异质性、时间变异性、多样复合性和相互依附性4种特性；在层级结构上可以划分为2个跨国国家公园、8个旗舰国家公园和11个一般国家公园，未来可再融入青藏高原其他不同层级的自然保护地；从"群"层面优化单体国家公园的功能定位和整体层面的有机组织，需要在类型结构、层级结构和空间结构上进行综合统筹，建构点域、线域、面域相结合的空间组织模式，形成联系紧密、发展稳定、演化有序的功能有机体，才能够深入推进青藏高原国家公园群建设、生态安全屏障建设和区域绿色发展的三位一体目标实现。 Abstract:The construction of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau National Park Cluster (QTPNPC) is an important model for promoting the sustainable development of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Analyzing the regional function and building an orderly spatial organization pattern are key guarantees to promote sustainable development. This study proposes the QTPNPC construction plan based on scientific investigation of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and provides an in-depth study on regional function and structure, which is necessary to construct a new group of QTPNPC with a wholesome and integral relationship among ecological conservation, life security, and tourist service functions. Understanding the spatial heterogeneity, time variability, and diverse compounds of the national park cluster is necessary. In terms of the hierarchical structure, it can be divided into 2 transnational national parks, 8 flagship national parks and 11 general national parks. In the future, it can be integrated into other nature protected area in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau region to form a highly integrated park utilization system. Four primary and mutually dependent characteristics are group-level monomer optimization; national park function, orientation, and organic organization; type, hierarchical, and spatial structures; and integration through domains, lines, and points on three levels. The spatial organization mode is created to allow the QTPNPC to form functional organisms that are closely connected, to steadily develop and evolve in an orderly manner. In construction we need to develop advantage of monomer national park, establish an effective connection among the resource environmental bearing capacity and the national spatial development suitability evaluation, on the basis of comprehensive consideration of ecological importance and vulnerability, the ecosystem services value, according to the actual situation of different national park, thus forms the different characteristic paths. In accordance with the overall goal of the construction of the QTPNPC, we need to explore institutional innovation schemes, legislative systems and construction regulations for national parks, promote the realization of regional functions from the aspects of community development mechanism, franchise operation mechanism, recreation service mechanism and ecosystem product value-added system, and constantly improve the spatial governance system of natural protected areas on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and to promote the construction of an ecological security barrier on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the green development of the region. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Structuring South Africa’s national economic space: A regional corridor network model approach

South Africa adopted a National Development Plan (NDP) (2013), referred to in the National Spatial Development Framework (NSDF) (2019) as a ‘super plan’, to transform national space economy and in the process disrupt the apartheid spatial logic. The South African National government adopted a series of acts and policies; sector plans and programmes, as well as strategic infrastructure investment programmes to eliminate the triple challenges of inequality, unemployment and poverty. This requires a strategic response, including a reorientation of selecting specific cities or regions as preferred locations to create development opportunities. Such a strategic response would require justifiable spatial solutions that can promote economic development. The article focuses on development corridors as a potential solution, elevating the importance of regional attractiveness as essential for economic growth. It is anticipated that the evolution of development corridors will result in the strengthening of cities and regional centres linked to the benefits exerted by corridors, on the one hand, and strong intra-national and interregional economic integration, on the other. The article concludes that development corridors are created to seek development opportunities, thereby increasing the spatial attractiveness of regions and cities that may provide for better economic spaces in South Africa.

Looking back to look forward

The European Spatial Development Perspective (ESDP) (CEC, 1999) was a policy document produced and agreed jointly by EU governments during the 1990s with the support of the European Commission (Faludi and Waterhout, 2002). It was intended as an indicative framework to guide spatially significant public policy making in the EU at all spatial scales from the Community level, to the regional and local levels. A non-binding policy statement, the ESDP sought to guide institutions in the exercise of existing competences which influence spatial development and its application was to be through voluntary co-operation based on the principle of subsidiarity. Integrated application of the ESDP policy options was to be achieved by a reorientation of national spatial development policies and community sectoral policies, at three levels of spatial co-operation - the (European) Community Level; the transnational/national level; and, the regional/local level. In order to achieve this, the ESDP called for ‘horizontal’ co-operation between the authorities responsible for sectoral and spatial policies at each administrative level as well as ‘vertical’ co-operation between the different levels - for example, between the national and local level. The extent of its explicit and implicit application was the subject of academic and policymaker reflection in the years following its adoption (see ESPON, 2006) with its degree of influence being seen as variable across contexts and scales.
 This special issue brings together a series of papers written in the period between the 20th anniversary of the adoption of the ESDP in Potsdam, Germany in 1999, and the adoption of the new EU Territorial Agenda 2030 (MRSPTDTC, 2020) in December 2020. This seemed an apposite moment to reflect on the legacies of the ESDP and the present and future prospects for European territorial development and urban policy.

Project Management in the Implementation of Long-term Interregional Initiatives

The article develops to the analysis of the application of project management in the implementation of long-term interregional initiatives. The relevance of the study is due to modern experience in initiating and implementing major interregional initiatives. Practice shows that they need no alternative real project content, i. e. the availability of interconnected local investment projects, the implementation of each of which together provides high interregional (macro-regional) and region-wide importance. To date, there is a shortage of projects at the interregional level in Russia. This problem is recorded in the national Spatial Development Strategy.We formulate an author’s approach to defining of the interregional initiative as an activity to develop, present and launch a significant large complex interregional project (a set of interconnected investment and other related projects), potentially capable of having a significant impact on the social and economic development of the country, the federal district / macro-region.The study analysed detail the lessons learned from project management at the regional level, which can be useful for the implementation of integrated interregional initiatives. The main models of “spillovers” of experience of implementation of project management from federal to regional level for development of own initiatives of subjects of the Russian Federation (direct transfer, reset of state programs, project management of new spatial forms of organization of economic activity, initiation of joint projects with federal development institutions, etc.) are given.We have underlined possibilities project management in promoting interregional initiatives should focus on the following areas: taking into account innovative opportunities concentrated in systemically important economic complexes; Ranking projects in terms of effects for regional business communities. Projects involving and combining local resources should benefit.In regard with innovation development, we have proposed specific attention to interregional initiatives related to the acquisition of new knowledge, associations of the potential of regional scientific centers, synthesis of accumulated knowledge in the form of patents, advanced technologies, industrial models.

Planning for sustainable livelihood development in the context of rural South Africa: A micro-level approach

In South Africa, different spheres of government (national, provincial and municipal) have different responsibilities with respect to rural planning and development. Rural development strategies, however, are predominately developed by national and provincial government (centralised planning) such as, for example, the 2009 Comprehensive Rural Development Programme (CRDP) and the 2018 draft National Spatial Development Framework (NSDF). These efforts from different spheres of the South African government are nevertheless still not having the desired effect in the development of sustainable rural livelihoods, according to the Department of Rural Development and Land Reform, similar to policies and efforts to implement them elsewhere in Africa. In addition to the appropriate planning and implemen-tation scale, the spatial dimension of rural livelihood within the South African context also requires a specific understanding of the extreme differentiation of areas within ‘rural South Africa’. Research regarding the impact of planning at village level (micro-level), as presented in this article, may provide valuable insights for realising sustainable rural livelihoods. This article aims, through an analysis of relevant literature, to examine the sustainable develop-ment discourse, in general, while addressing sustainable rural livelihoods and micro-level planning, in particular. The main research question concerns the way in which micro-level planning can contribute to ensuring sustainable rural livelihoods in South Africa. The article also discusses the complexity of ‘rural’ space and its understanding in the development planning framework of South Africa, providing the spatial context for sustainable rural livelihoods. Examples of micro-level planning approaches in Africa and South Africa are discussed to elucidate their applicability to sustainable rural livelihood development in South Africa. In conclusion, the analysis reveals that, while centralist policies are pursued in South Africa to support sustainable rural development, the actual realisation of sustainable rural livelihoods may well require micro-level development planning strategies. The implication for academics, planning professionals and politicians is that the support and development of microlevel sustainable rural livelihood planning should be pursued to attain the goals of the National Development Plan (2012) of eliminating poverty and to encourage citizens to be active in their own development.

The Contemporary Economic Costs of Spatial Chaos: Evidence from Poland

This paper is based on the results of an extensive (840-page) report of the Committee on National Spatial Development of the Polish Academy of Sciences, entitled Studies on Spatial Chaos (edited by A. Kowalewski, T, Markowski and P. Śleszyński—Studia KPZK PAN, vol. 182, Warsaw 2018—in Polish). Its aim was to conduct a comprehensive and detailed study on the problem of spatial chaos (spatial disorder), including an estimate of economic costs in Poland. For this purpose, literature was queried (articles and reports, etc.) and special analyses were prepared for this purpose. The total annual costs of spatial chaos were estimated at not less than 20 billion euros per year. The conclusions also proposed solutions and suggestions (for the government and local governments), which may reduce the acute costs of spatial chaos in society and economy.

Mapa towarowości rolnictwa w Koncepcji Przestrzennego Zagospodarowania Kraju 2030 = Map of agricultural commodity in the National Spatial Development Concept 2030

The article presents a map, which was compiled in 2009 in cooperation with Prof. Roman Kulikowski for the National Spatial Development Concept 2030. It concerns the inclusion of agricultural commodities in connection with natural conditions for the development of this sector of economy. For the typology, a division into the following classes was proposed: in terms of the quality of agricultural production space: A – up to 45 points, B – 45.1 to 60 points, C – above 60 points and in terms of commodity quality per 1 ha of agricultural land: 1 – up to 1,000 PLN, 2 – 1,000 up to 2,000 PLN, 3 – above 2,000 PLN. It has been shown that in Poland there is no stronger interdependence between natural conditions and agricultural commercialization. The resulting typology was further used to show changes within particular 9 distinguished types in terms of total population and post-productive age in agglomeration (suburban) and non-agglomeration areas. A disturbing phenomenon of relatively fast depopulation and ageing of the population in areas with good natural conditions for the development of agricultural function was detected. If this is not related to agrarian overpopulation, it is a serious obstacle to the desired transformations in Polish agriculture. Typology of communes, due to natural conditions and agricultural commodities may be useful for research on the processes taking place in rural areas presenting diverse development level.

Accents of the development of the macro-regional space of Russia: social infrastructure

The modern accents in domestic and foreign studies of social infrastructure are highlighted. The trends of changes in the content of the concept of «social infrastructure» in the Russian realities are considered. The necessity of theoretical and practical approach to the current transformation of the concept of «social infrastructure» in the context of the national spatial development and global postindustrial trend, analysis of the saturation of macro-regional space components of social infrastructure, refinement of their parameters is justified. The urgency of the considered problems is determined by the necessity of saturation and consolidation of the regional/macroregional space of the Russian Federation. The social infrastructure is considered from the standpoint of the spatial development of Russiaas a component of the configuration (filling and compaction) of the space.The purpose of the article is to identify the relevant attributes of modern social infrastructure from the national perspective of human potential and human capital accumulation, to determine the indicators and parameters of the social infrastructure of the priority macro-region.It is proposed to include in the concept of social infrastructure functionally important and relevant for the modern stage of national development in the postindustrial period components such as the preservation of human potential and the accumulation of human capital with an emphasis on consistency. The author’s classification of social infrastructure by functional biosocio-humanitarian criterion is proposed. The author’s algorithm of complementarity is formed: the indicators of each function correspond to specific statistical indicators. This approach is appropriate for use in order to manage the development (saturation) of the regional (macroregional) space, especially in the Russian Far East.

Application of GIS tools in spatial distribution modeling of historical monuments

Entry in the register of objects of cultural heritage (Polish: rejestr zabytków) is one of the statutory forms of legal protection of monuments in Poland. The registers of objects of cultural heritage are maintained by territorially competent voivodeship conservators of monuments. Voivodeship registers of objects of cultural heritage contain approx. 76,000 entries related to non-movable monuments that are differentiated by type. These objects can be cultural landscapes, urban and rural systems, construction units, works of architecture and con-struction, defensive structures, monuments of technology, cemeteries, parks, gardens, and other forms of designed greenery as well as places that commemorate historical events or the activities of outstanding figures on institutions.In this paper, research was conducted on the possibilities of using GIS tools in analyses regarding the spatial distribution of historical monuments in Poland. Data from the National Heritage Board of Poland (Polish: Narodowy Instytut Dziedzictwa) obtained from the dane.gov.pl website was analyzed. Maps showing the density of non-movable monuments specifying their types and locations were created. Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship was an area of detailed research. The generated maps can be used for creating and updating the national spatial development concept (Polish: koncepcja przestrzennego zagospodarowania kraju) as well as voivodeship spatial management plans.