National Research University Higher School Research Articles

Quality Textbooks for Quality Research

The book review considers two handbooks “How to collect data in qualitative field research” and “Practices of qualitative data analysis in social sciences” published by the National Research University Higher School of Economics in 2020 and 2023, respectively. The handbooks compensate for the acute shortage of Russian educational texts on qualitative data collection and analysis in sociology. They can be effectively used in teaching research disciplines and in research practice. Both handbooks have all the characteristics of a contemporary educational texts. Their authors have relevant practical experience in the issues under discussion and provide particular examples and practical recommendations. Both texts are well structured. Both include many educational and methodological elements (not only literature and test questions, but summaries, keywords, practical tasks, links to extensive online resources). The discussed issues are presented at the level of contemporary approaches adopted both in domestic and foreign theory and practice; and this is reflected in citations, references and the considered cases.

Professional and Social Statuses as Predictors of Alcohol Consumption by Working Russians

The paper analyses alcohol consumption patterns among working residents of Russia, depending on their professional and social statuses, using statistical methods. The study is based on data from the Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey of the National Research University Higher School of Economics for the period of 2013–2019. Sampling included working women aged 16 to 55 and men aged 16 to 60.The introductory part of the article covers the main trends in alcohol consumption among working Russians with different professional and social statuses. The main part of the article presents the results of an empirical study of the statistical relationship between the characteristics of an employee's professional and social statuses and indicators characterizing the probability and volume of consumption of specific alcoholic beverages (beer, wine, vodka, etc.) and alcohol in general. An econometric analysis of the relationships was carried out based on a random effect panel logistic model and an individual random effect Tobin model. Statistical estimates were made separately for men and women. The regression analysis helped the authors find an increase in the probability of consuming alcohol in general, as well as wine and spirits (cognac, whiskey, liqueurs) for workers with the highest professional status (legislators; high-ranking officials; senior and mid-level executives), as well as women with mid-level qualifications compared to unskilled workers. At the same time, the authors recognized a downward trend in the probability of vodka consumption for the respondents of both gender groups with the growth of their professional status (most pronounced for women). In addition, with an increase in the professional status of an individual, there was a trend towards a decrease in the volume of alcohol consumption in general and by specific beverages except for wine. The volume of wine consumption by men from the categories of "clerks and workers in trade and services" and "mid-level professionals; officials" exceeded the value of the corresponding indicator for unskilled workers. An analysis of the statistical relationship between the social status of working Russians and their predisposition to consume alcoholic beverages revealed an increase in the probability of consumption of selected alcoholic beverages among representatives of both gender groups and the probability of alcohol consumption in general (among men) with an increase in the social status of an individual with more moderate consumption compared to workers with lower social status (for men).According to the authors, the results of this study can be relevant to the elaboration of specific alcohol policy measures aimed at reducing alcohol consumption among the employed population of our country.

Поведенческие факторы риска хронических неинфекционных заболеваний у работников системы здравоохранения.

Low physical activity, smoking and alcohol consumption are among the leading behavioural factors contributing to high morbidity and excess mortality from noncommunicable diseases. It can be assumed that health-care workers should be in the mainstream of population behavioural patterns. However, greater awareness of both the principles of healthy lifestyles and the harms of not following them may distinguish this population group in terms of behavioural responses. Purpose: to estimate the prevalence of behavioural risk factors for chronic noncommunicable diseases among health-care workers. Materials and methods. Study type: case-control study. Data source: results of the survey of the 28th wave of the Russian National Research University Higher School of Economics’ Monitoring of Economic Situation and Health, representative sample by individuals, survey year 2019. Responses received from respondents – health care workers about their use of tobacco, alcohol and exercise were analysed comparatively. Pearson Chi-square test at significance level p≤0,05 was used to find differences. Results. A sociological survey of 55 male and 257 female health workers of working age was carried out. We found that the incidence of a positive smoking response was lower in both male and female working-age health professionals than in the general population of working-age individuals. Compared with the general populations of men and women, no significant differences were found in responses to questions about alcohol consumption and exercise. Findings. We found that of the three behavioural factors (smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity), only the first was significantly less prevalent among health professionals. The overall trends identified need to be investigated in more detail.

Half a century of digital renewal of the Russian school in the light of the researcher’s biography. To the 80th anniversary of A. Yu. Uvarov

The penetration of computer technology in general education in our country started more than half a century ago. Alexander Yurievich Uvarov was among those who started the work in the field of digital renewal of education. Today he is the Doctor of Sciences (Education), Professor at the Institute of Education of the National Research University Higher School of Economics, leading researcher at the Axel Berg Institute of Cybernetics and Educational Computing of the Federal Research Center “Computer Science and Control” of the Russian Academy of Sciences, laureate of the RF Government Prize in Education, long-time member of the editorial board of Informatics and Education journal. A. Yu. Uvarov made a significant contribution to the development of school informatics. His organizational activities and research largely determined the reality and future prospects for the digitalization of the national school. It is necessary to emphasize the importance and scientific significance of the research carried out by A. Yu. Uvarov.In January 2023, he turned eighty years old. The biography of this researcher, well known in Russia and abroad, reflects, as in a mirror, the half-century history of the digital renewal of the Russian school.

Интеграционные стратегии стран постсоветского пространства – опыт анализа с применением методики социального графа

Authors’ Guidelines Peer Reviewing Publishing ethics Subscription News and Announcements Manuscript requirements Contacts ISSN (Print) 1996-7845 ISSN (Online) 2542-2081 Contacts: Postal address: 20, Myasnitskaya str., Moscow, Russia 101000 National Research University Higher School of Economics International Organisations Research Journal (IORJ) editors office Actual address: office 110, 47/7, bld. 1 Bolshaya Ordynka, Moscow Tel.: +7 495 772-95-90 ext. 23147 E-mail: iorj@hse.ru Indexed in Search text Отправить the website and texts of articles by authors by title (or part of title) by keyword Timur Alyev 1, Elena Stoyanova2, Ekaterina Chimiris2 1 VAVT, 6A Vorob'evskoe shosse, Moscow, 119285, Russia 2 VAVT, 6A Vorob'evskoe shosse, Moscow, 119285, Russia Integration Strategies of the Post-Soviet Countries – Analysis Using the Social Graph Approach 2023. Vol. 18. No. 1. P. 127–150 [issue contents] In connection with the current trends restructuring the global world order, the task of creating regional zones of trust, including in the format of integration trade associations between states, is coming to the fore. These trends play an important role in the foreign policy of states, including Russia. In this regard, this article analyzes the strategies of the states of the post-Soviet space in relation to regional economic integration. The article uses the method of constructing a social graph. Data on the concluded regional trade agreements between the states of the post-Soviet bloc with trading partners was analyzed. The model was also tested and compared against data on value chains and investment flows. Based on this analysis, a model for the distribution of countries' strategies for regional economic integration was created along two parameters: active/passive and centrifugal/centripetal. Four variants of strategies were identified: active centrifugal, active centripetal, passive centrifugal, and passive centripetal. The article presents the results of checking the obtained model and draws conclusions regarding the prospects for the development of regional economic integration in the post-Soviet space.

Обзор круглого стола «Социальные сети и гражданское право»

On 20 January 2023, the Department of Private Law of the Faculty of Law of the National Research University Higher School of Economics held a round table on the topic “Social networks and civil law”. The round table was moderated by A.A. Ivanov, Academic Supervisor of the HSE Faculty of Law, tenured professor, retired Chairman of the Supreme Arbitrazh Court of the Russian Federation, and organised by T.S. Yatsenko, Head of the Department of Private Law, Doctor of Law, Professor, and M.A. Volchansky, Deputy Head of the Department of Private Law, Candidate of Legal Sciences. Leading Russian experts on civil law took part in the discussion. Abstracts of their reports are presented in this review.

STEM salaries in Russia: the importance of human capital and institutional factors

In the age of digital transformation, there is an increasing discussion about human resource shortages. In particular, IT professionals, and specialists in science and technology (STEM – Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) in general. One of the decisive factors in attracting and retaining a highly skilled workforce is the level of compensation, so it is important to understand what determinants affect its level in Russia, which is the focus of this study. The influence of human capital (special experience and availability of higher education) and institutional factors (organization size, economic sector, organization profile) were considered. The data of the National Research University Higher School of Economics Russian Monitoring of Economic Situation and Health for 2010–2020 were used for the analysis. The paper presents a detailed description of the final sample (N = 4 674). The J. Mintzer wage equation is used as the main econometric model. The results show that the level of financial compensation increases when a STEM specialist has higher education, works in a large and commercial organization. Work experience has no effect on compensation. The profile of the organization (technical or not) also did not show an unambiguous result in this study.

Индо-Тихоокеанский регион: между “дружбой” и “недружбой” (Круглый стол Центра Азиатско-Тихоокеанских исследований ИМЭМО РАН) (Часть вторая)

The Editorial Board publishes a brief report on the round table at the Center for Asia Pacific Studies of IMEMO on new phenomena in the system of international relations in the Indo-Pacific Region (IPR) and in the policies of the states located there. The sharp increase in the level of confrontation in different regions of the world over the past year leads to increased importance in the system of international relations, in the foreign policy of states of such categories as “friendliness” and “unfriendliness” in relation to other countries. These phenomena have also affected the Indo-Pacific region, which now plays a key role in world politics and economy, where complicated and sometimes multidirectional processes of restructuring the political space, reformatting economic, military and political relations between states are taking place. In this context, it seems relevant to analyze the influence of the factors of “friendship”–“unfriendliness” on the formation of the main “axes” of rapprochement and confrontation in the region, new blocs and coalitions. The determination of Russia’s new positioning in the ITR taking into account the factors mentioned above also becomes an important independent research task. These and other closely related issues were the object of discussion at the round table held by the Center for Asia Pacific Studies of IMEMO in late October 2022. At the same time the discussion participants focused on the analysis of policies not of all countries in the region, but mainly of the Pacific Asia (PA) and India and South Asia. The panelists were K.R. Voda, Cand. Sci. (Polit.), Scientific Secretary of IMEMO; L.A. Gamza, Cand. Sci. (Econ.), senior researcher at IMEMO; O.V. Davydov, retired Ambassador-at-Large, senior researcher at IMEMO; E.A. Kanaev, Dr. Sci. (Hist.), Prof. at National Research University Higher School of Economics; A.N. Karneev, Cand. Sci. (Hist.), Prof. at National Research University Higher School of Economics; A.V. Kupriyanov, Cand. Sci. (Hist.), Head of the Group at IMEMO; V.L. Larin, RAS Academician, Deputy Chairman of the Presidium of FEB RAS; A.V. Lomanov, Dr. Sci. (Hist.), Professor of RAS, Deputy Director of IMEMO; S.A. Lukonin, Cand. Sci. (Econ.), Head of the Sector, IMEMO; V.V. Mikheev, RAS Academician, Member of the IMEMO Directorate; V.V. Sumskiy, Dr. Sci. (Hist.), Principle researcher at IMEMO; M.A. Terskikh, Cand. Sci. (Polit.), resercher at IMEMO; V.G. Shvydko, Cand. Sci. (Econ.), Head of the Group at IMEMO.

Индо-Тихоокеанский регион: между “дружбой” и “недружбой” (Круглый стол Центра Азиатско-Тихоокеанских исследований ИМЭМО РАН) (Часть первая)

The Editorial Board publishes a brief report on the round table at the Center for Asia Pacific Studies of IMEMO on new phenomena in the system of international relations in the Indo-Pacific Region (IPR) and in the policies of the states located there. The sharp increase in the level of confrontation in different regions of the world over the past year leads to increased importance in the system of international relations, in the foreign policy of states of such categories as “friendliness” and “unfriendliness” in relation to other countries. These phenomena have also affected the Indo-Pacific region, which now plays a key role in world politics and economy, where complicated and sometimes multidirectional processes of restructuring the political space, reformatting economic, military and political relations between states are taking place. In this context, it seems relevant to analyze the influence of the factors of “friendship/unfriendliness” on the formation of the main “axes” of rapprochement and confrontation in the region, new blocs and coalitions. The determination of Russia’s new positioning in the IPR taking into account the factors mentioned above also becomes an important independent research task. These and other closely related issues were the object of discussion at the round table held by the Center for Asia Pacific Studies of IMEMO in late October 2022. At the same time the discussion participants focused on the analysis of policies not of all countries in the region, but mainly of the Pacific Asia (PA) and India and South Asia. The panelists were K.R. Voda, Cand. Sci. (Polit.), Scientific Secretary of IMEMO; L.A. Gamza, senior researcher at IMEMO; O.V. Davydov, retired Ambassador-at-Large, senior researcher at IMEMO; E.A. Kanaev, Dr. Sci. (Hist.), Professor at National Research University Higher School of Economics; A.N. Karneev, Cand. Sci. (Hist.), Professor at National Research University Higher School of Economics; A.V. Kupriyanov, Cand. Sci. (Hist.), Head of the Group at IMEMO; V.L. Larin, RAS Academician, Deputy Chairman of the Presidium of FEB RAS; A.V. Lomanov, Dr. Sci. (Hist.), Professor of RAS, Deputy Director of IMEMO; S.A. Lukonin, Cand. Sci. (Econ.), Head of the Sector, IMEMO; V.V. Mikheev, RAS Academician, Member of the IMEMO Directorate; V.V. Sumskiy, Dr. Sci. (Hist.), principle researcher at IMEMO; M.A. Terskikh, Cand. Sci. (Polit.), researcher at IMEMO; V.G. Shvydko, Cand. Sci. (Econ.), Head of the Group at IMEMO.

“Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky and European Culture: On the 200th Anniversary of the Great Russian Writer” International Scientific Conference

The article provides a summary of “Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky and European Culture” International Scientific Online Conference, held by the International Laboratory for the Study of Russian-European Intellectual Dialogue of the National Research University Higher School of Economics in cooperation with the Dostoevsky’s Moscow House Museum Center. At the conference, leading experts in various fields of the humanities presented various reports on the mutual influence of Dostoevsky and European culture. Research attention was paid to the problem of the influence of the Russian writer on the creative development of European philosophical and artistic thought. The speakers demonstrated the history of translations of Dostoevsky’s novels into foreign languages. The participants of the conference also reflected the influence of the concepts of Western European philosophy, literature, and culture on the fiction and religious thought of the writer. A number of conference reports were devoted to the cultural and philosophical problems of Dostoevsky’s works. The researchers examined the religious and philosophical dialogues of the novel Demons, paying special attention to the controversial image of the protagonist of the novel – Nikolai Stavrogin. Leading Dostoyevsky specialists turned to the littlestudied aspects of his journalism, defining the role of the “Jewish question.” The conference presented literary critics’ interpretations of Dostoevsky’s novels, the history of screen and musical adaptations of his works in European and Russian art.

КАЧЕСТВО ТРУДОВОЙ ЖИЗНИ И УДОВЛЕТВОРЕННОСТЬ РАБОТОЙ РОССИЙСКИХ ЖЕНЩИН И МУЖЧИН: СРАВНИТЕЛЬНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ

The relevance of the study is due to the fact that the quality of working life (QWL) is an important factor determining the effective implementation of the labor potential of employees, which, in turn, leads to a high quality of life. The object of the research is women and men employed in the Russian labor market. The subject is a comparison of the quality of working life and job satisfaction of working women and men in the Russian labor market. The purpose of the paper is to quantitatively and qualitatively assess the individual parameters of the QWL of Russian workers, as well as to analyze the job satisfaction of those employed in dynamics and depending on gender; to establish by what parameters of the QWL there is a difference between the sexes and how large it is. The main research method was a comparative analysis of microdata from the Russian Monitoring of the Economic Situation and Health of the Population of the National Research University Higher School of Economics (RLMS-HSE) for 2000-2021, and data from the Comprehensive Surveillance of Living Conditions of the Population (CSLS-2020). The author put forward a hypothesis about a "gender paradox" in Russia and the presence of different factors underlying job satisfaction for men and women, as well as the presence of gender inequality in a number of QWL indicators. Based on the results of the study, it was concluded that the gender paradox persists in Russia; the hypothesis that JS factors for men and women differ was not confirmed. The area of application of the results is the development of theoretical, methodological, and instrumental approaches to measuring the differences between the parameters of QWL of men and women, the improvement of employment policy, the improvement of working conditions to improve QWL, and the development of appropriate strategies.

ПЕРЕДОВЫЕ ПРАКТИКИ ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ И ВНЕДРЕНИЯ ДИСТАНЦИОННЫХ ФОРМ ЗАНЯТОСТИ

The purpose of the study is to assess the level and potential for the development of corporate personnel policy implemented by three Russian corporations: Yandex, Sberbank of Russia, and Rostec, representing the IT industry, banking, and manufacturing industries, taking into account the possibilities of remote work, modern innovations in the labor market and employment, as well as new approaches to the development of the labor and personal potential of workers, including people with disabilities. In the process of studying, analytical industry general scientific methods were used, including analysis of cases of industry leaders. Quantitative and other aspects of the corporate policies of the analyzed companies were clarified during in-depth interviews with three employees of the human resource management departments of the head offices (management companies) of each company. Additional statistical materials are taken from the joint statistical collection of the National Research University Higher School of Economics, Rosstat, and the Ministry of Digital Development of Russia “Indicators of the Digital Economy–2022”. The results of the study confirmed the existence of a significant potential for the development of corporate personnel policy carried out within the framework of the remote labor organization and also proved that remote technologies contribute to the professional and personal growth of employees, maintaining loyalty to the employer and increasing labor productivity and that they make it possible to attract employees with disabilities to higher paid and more qualified positions, giving them the opportunity to develop professionally and socially. It is concluded that it is necessary to actively disseminate and scale up the best practices of Russian corporate leaders, which can become a guide for the development of other companies in the field of human resource management, including through government support measures.

Social Portrait of the Christian Elite of Western Alania According to the Materials of the Excavations of the Middle Zelenchuk Church

From 2018 on, the Nizhny Arkhyz Archaeological Expedition of the Institute of Archaeology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the National Research University Higher School of Economics, and the U. D. Aliev Karachay-Cherkessia State University has been conducting comprehensive interdisciplinary research at the ancient Nizhny Arkhyz (Republic of Karachay-Cherkessia), located on the site of a mediaeval town which was the capital of Western Alania from the tenth to early thirteen century. One of the main objects of the research is the tenth-century Middle Zelenchuk Church and its cemetery from the tenth to thirteen centuries. The works of the expedition resulted in the unique archaeological and paleoanthropological materials, particularly from all the burial assemblages that survived in the inner space of the church; these undoubtedly belonged to the representatives of the nobility of this mediaeval Christian polity. First time in the history of studying the capital of mediaeval Alania, the analysis of these materials by methods of archaeology, anthropology, and natural sciences complex provided an opportunity for a closer examination of the daily life of its population, the social, demographic, professional composition of various urban strata, and the private life of the residents of Nizhny Arkhyz. This article reflects the most striking results of researches of the social portrait of the secular elite of Western Alania, which concern the ethno-cultural composition of this social stratum of the urban population, the quality of its life, funeral traditions, and the reconstruction of individual episodes of the life of a representative of the tenth-century professional military class, who was honoured with the burial in one of the most venerated churches of Alania.

Digital challenges for new technologies implementation in agrarian Russia

Over the past two decades, the digital divide has been gradually narrowing. However, rural areas still lag behind urban and suburban areas, especially in Internet use and access. The global pandemic of 2020 has exacerbated the effects of the digital divide. As part of this study, logistic regression models were built using data from 2019, 2020 and 2021 to study the digital divide and its predictors. The dependent variable is the number of individuals who did not have access to the Internet in the past 12 months. Average age, gender, income, disability, education and employment are selected as independent variables. The source of data is the annual Russian Monitoring of the Economic Situation and Health of the Population of the National Research University Higher School of Economics (RMES NRU HSE). In rural Russia, lockdowns caused by the COVID-19 pandemic have exacerbated the impact of the digital divide on rural communities and led to socio-economic consequences due to limited opportunities. As a result of the implementation of social isolation and quarantine measures, lack of Internet access has become a major risk for vulnerable groups of the rural population. As a result, they are deprived of the vital resources they need to overcome the pandemic economically, socially and educationally. In 2019, 2020 and 2021, an increase in the same indicators increases the risk of residents without access to the Internet falling into the group. Such predictors include incomplete secondary education, lack of work, old age and disability. All of them are challenges for further digitalization of the Russian agricultural sector.

The New Education: Controversies and Solutions

The article examines the consequences of the evolution of the national education system as a result and source of ideology, which is formed by two parallel paradigms of the development of modern society and the state – traditional and liberal. In Russian education, these paradigms are constantly changing: from state-bureaucratic socialism in the USSR (1917–1990) and liberal reforms in post-Soviet Russia (1990–2000) to educational counter-reforms of the first twenty years of the 21st century. In modern education, a number of solutions still appear, in which a certain ideological structure is laid. An example of this is the expert report of the Center for Strategic Research and the National Research University Higher School of Economics "Twelve Solutions for a New Education", the main messages of which boil down to reforming the national educational system according to the liberal model. We pay special attention to the controversy of the ideas of the report on the support of "elite" schools instead of solving the current issues of the development of the educational network and infrastructure; on the concentration of methods for solving the problems of teachers in terms of creating conditions for improving their qualifications (ignoring the financial difficulties characteristic of this professional group). Author comes to the conclusion that ideology is important for solving the problems of the education system and its agents, from the standpoint of which the national educational policy is formed. From our point of view, responses to modern challenges to education should provide for the interests and opinions of the scientific and educational community within the framework of “institutional bricolage” (the creation of institutions “from below”, at the expense of the resources of the educational community).

Master’s Degree Programme in Russia: a Conscious Choice for International Students?

In recent decades, there has been a significant increase in the number of students worldwide choosing to study abroad. In 2014, according to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, about five million students studied abroad. The development of distance learning technologies contributes to the growth of mobility.Russia is an attractive destination for students’ mobility, both shortterm and long-term, and Russian universities compete for students in global markets. The internationalization of education, the increase in the number of international students at degree programs set new requirements for host universities, which should be taken into account in their strategies. This is the presence of a developed infrastructure at the university (laboratory equipment, well-equipped classrooms, modern dormitories, a library with access to a large number of electronic resources, etc.), high quality of teaching, accessible and friendly living environment at the university. In addition, various external factors that characterize the accessibility and attractiveness of the city and the country are important.The goal of our research is to identify the factors that are important for foreign students to choose Russian universities for master’s studies. The master’s level assumes that students themselves make an informed decision about studying abroad, as well as about the choice of country and direction of study, and also better understand what advantages foreign learning experience gives.The study was conducted by interviewing foreign students enrolled in Master’s programs at the National Research University Higher School of Economics in St. Petersburg. The choice of this particular educational institution is due to the high proportion of foreign students enrolled in Master’s programs (on English-language programs their share reaches 40%, and on average is about 13%); the presence of several programs of prestigious international accreditations, network programs (double diplomas, consortiums) and, in general, high positions of the university in international rankings; as well as the wide range of master programs for different areas of study. The survey involved foreign students enrolled in master’s programs (excluding short-term mobility programs). As a result, it was revealed that the reputation of the university, the availability of scholarship programs and grants, employment prospects in Russia or abroad after graduation, simplicity and transparency of the enrollment procedure are crucial for master’s students intending to study in Russia.The results obtained on the basis of a survey of students make it possible to clarify the set of factors identified from the analysis of the literature that affect students’ decision-making about their training in the Master’s programs in Russia. Their practical significance lies in the fact that they can be taken into account when developing university strategies and programs, as well as marketing campaigns aimed at attracting foreign graduate students.

PRACTICE OF USE OF THE PUBLIC POLICY EXCEPTION TO RECOGNITION AND ENFORCEMENT OF ARBITRAL AWARDS

PRACTICE OF USE OF THE PUBLIC POLICY EXCEPTION TO RECOGNITION AND ENFORCEMENT OF ARBITRAL AWARDS Sergei Losev Master of Law, Graduate of the Law Faculty of the National Research University Higher School of Economics, Russia, Moscow  

Award for Distinguished Contributions to the International Advancement of Psychology: Klaus Boehnke.

The Award for Distinguished Contributions to the International Advancement of Psychology is given to individuals who have made sustained and enduring contributions to international cooperation and the advancement of knowledge in psychology. The 2022 recipient of the APA Award for Distinguished Contributions to the International Advancement of Psychology was selected by the 2021 Committee on International Relations in Psychology. The committee is pleased to present the 2022 APA Award for Distinguished Contributions to the International Advancement of Psychology to Klaus Boehnke. Dr. Boehnke is a professor of Social Science Methodology at Jacobs University, Bremen, Germany, and deputy head of the Center for Sociocultural Research at the National Research University Higher School of Economics in Moscow, Russian Federation. He has lived and worked at universities in Singapore, Australia, and Canada, in addition to his native Germany. His scholarship has included substantial contributions in political psychology, peace psychology, the psychology of youth, and innovative methodologies and frameworks for cross-national studies. He works with partners and colleagues around the world. Dr. Boehnke has been instrumental in creating and serving in institutions and organizations that promote cooperation across borders. He has served on boards and as advisor to multiple international groups and committees, including as president of the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology, one of the most internationally diverse psychological associations worldwide. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Statistical Analysis of Changes in Tobacco Consumption amid the COVID-19 Pandemic

The author analyzed problems related to the prevalence of smoking and the need to combat the tobacco epidemic in Russia on the basis of current statistics and special surveys. Despite the fact that the number of smokers in Russia has been decreasing since 2009, there are new challenges for the authorities and society in their efforts to reduce the prevalence of smoking due to the emergence of new alternative tobacco and nicotine products, as well as changes in consumption habits due to the crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. According to surveys carried out by the National Research University Higher School of Economics (from 2017 to 2020) and Rosstat (from 2011 to 2020), changes in tobacco consumption and smoking preferences have been identified, especially during the period of economic instability and the COVID-19 pandemic.The article explains the author’s position that despite the general decrease in the number of smokers (up to a quarter of adult population – according to data for 2020), their population is heterogeneous, and within it there were various processes, depending on the sex of the smoker, the intensity of smoking, preferences for nicotine-containing products. Firstly, over the period under review, the proportion of former smokers who have relinquished the habit has increased; secondly, the proportion of heavy smokers who used to consume a pack of cigarettes per day has decreased, and, conversely, the proportion of those who smoke about a quarter of a pack per day has increased. Smoking among women has two characteristics: lowering the age of onset of smoking to 19 years, along with increasing the daily consumption of cigarettes to an average of 12. Men, on the other hand, tend to reduce the daily consumption of cigarettes to 16 cigarettes on average. The proportion of smokeless tobacco products and electronic nicotine delivery systems is beginning to grow, but is still not a complete substitute for conventional cigarettes, which smoke about 95% of smokers. Finally, owing to the pandemic and crises in economy, the trend towards self-isolation has increased the number of people who smoke for the first time at a sufficiently mature age (30 years and older).Therefore, the results of the study revealed both certain patterns in tobacco consumption over the years preceding the pandemic and the impact of COVID-19 on social and economic processes involved in smoking that governance structures now need to take into account.

Modeling the School of the Future: A Study of Existing School Practices by the Positive Changes Factory

The share of private schools in the total number of educational institutions has increased almost 2.5-fold over the past two decades, according to a study by the Institute of Education of the National Research University Higher School of Economics. In many ways, this was a response to the market demand, with the parents becoming increasingly aware of the limitations and shortcomings of an education based on the average public school model — especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, when schooling moved home. Numerous new educational approaches that are actively offered, primarily by private schools, — especially those that classify as “alternative” schools — are another response to this demand.