National Physical Education Research Articles

A View from the Field: Introducing the New 2024 National Physical Education Standards

The SHAPE America National Physical Education Standards have long been the foundation for best practices in quality physical education. Following the 10-year cycle for revising the standards, a task force with diverse professional backgrounds convened to update the National Standards with special consideration for stakeholders who will be impacted by these changes—most notably, K-12 students. This article presents an overview of the new standards, outlining the changes and highlighting new features, including the move from five to four standards, the reconceptualization of physical literacy, and the shift to grade-span learning indicators with learning progressions. A unique feature of this overview is the inclusion of testimonials from practitioners explaining the new standards’ benefits, effectiveness, and implementation, while emphasizing a holistic approach to physical education.

Marking Our Flags: Introducing the New 2024 National Physical Education Standards

For nearly three years, a task force with diverse professional backgrounds convened to update the National Physical Education Standards with consideration of the various stakeholders who will be impacted by these changes—most especially students. The previous iteration of the National Standards has been the foundation for the implementation of best practices for more than ten years, with the hope that every child will have a quality physical education experience. However, the circumstances, culture, and politics surrounding K-12 schooling—exemplified by challenges like COVID-19—have necessitated the development of new National Standards. As such, this article aims to present an overview of the new standards, outlining the changes and highlighting new features, including the move from five to four standards, the reconceptualization of physical literacy, and the shift to grade-span learning indicators with learning progressions. The article concludes with insight into how practitioners can effectively implement the standards while maintaining their commitment to a holistic approach to physical education.

New Standards Require New Approaches to Assessment: Is Technology the Missing Piece?

How physical education teachers approach standards-based assessment of the new National Physical Education Standards is yet to be determined. But the use of technology for assessments may be one way to support and empower students in the education process toward physical literacy. This article focuses on the ways in which educators have adopted a particular technology, called Plickers, and how its use as an assessment tool can move physical education teachers’ practice forward.

Research on the Deep Integration Mechanism of National Fitness Campaign and College Physical Education Teaching: Taking Guangdong University of Science and Technology as an Example

By using the methods of literature review, questionnaire survey, and expert interview, this paper discusses and analyzes the deep integration mechanism of national fitness campaign and college physical education teaching, in order to promote the development of college physical education teaching reform, expand ideas, explore new fields, and provide novel development directions. The purpose is to enhance the national physical quality, improve the public service system, enhance the health awareness of the citizens, and provide guidelines for promoting the development of sports.

Developing the Tokelau National Health and Physical Education Curriculum: A case study

Background: National school curriculum statements detail what it is important to learn and are highly context- and discipline-specific. The health and physical education (H&PE) learning areas have multiple learning purposes, and facilitating this in curriculum design is a significant and challenging task. Objective: There is little reporting on ‘behind-the-scenes’ practices of H&PE curriculum writing, despite this being a key mechanism by which the shaping of curricula occurs. This article offers a descriptive case study of curriculum development for the Tokelau National Curriculum H&PE learning area for Years 0–13. Prior to 2021, this learning area did not formally exist in the Tokelau National Curriculum Framework. Design, Setting and Methods: The case reports on the processes and decisions of a multi-national transdisciplinary writing team from Tokelau, New Zealand and New Caledonia. We explore the questions: ‘Why the need for an H&PE curriculum, and who is it for?’ Document collection and team-based interviews formed the basis for deductive descriptive analysis of the writing processes. Results: Three key themes were developed. Related to ‘why’, findings illustrate the importance of formalising H&PE learning, representing knowledge, skills and capabilities useful for present and future generations of young people in Tokelau. Considering ‘for whom’, findings emphasise the involvement of the community in curriculum decisions, and the inclusion of distinctive features aligned with community values, needs and aspirations. Conclusion: The case study illustrates the requisite coming together of different groups and expertise in the creation of a curriculum, a synthesis of pre-existing and new knowledge and experiences. The focus on health promotion and health and physical literacies exemplifies the everyday use of school curriculum goals to support community health.

The fundamental motor skill proficiency among Polish primary school-aged children: A nationally representative surveillance study

ObjectivesWith the premise that physical education classes should promote physical activity by teaching and learning fundamental motor skills, this study aimed to evaluate the fundamental motor skill proficiency of primary school students and determine the level of achievement of established learning outcomes for fundamental motor skills, as specified in the Polish National Physical Education Curriculum. Design and methodsA cross-sectional design was used for this study. The sample consisted of 2605 children and adolescents enrolled in grades 1–3 (ages 7–9, n = 1165), 4–6 (ages 10–12, n = 837), and 7–8 (ages 13–14, n = 603), including 1353 boys and 1252 girls. The Fundamental Motor Skills in Sport test, a qualitative and process-oriented assessment tool, was used to evaluate fundamental motor skills. The Fundamental Motor Skills in Sport test evaluates the following movement skills: hurdles, jumping rope, forward roll, ball bouncing, ball throwing and catching, and kicking and stopping a ball. ResultsThe desired level of overall fundamental motor skill proficiency was achieved by only 2 % of students. An elementary level of fundamental motor skill proficiency was demonstrated by an additional 3.5 % of students. Further, the results showed that only 10–30 % of students had achieved mastery or were close to achieving mastery in a given fundamental motor skill. The skill with the lowest level of proficiency was jumping rope, which only 11 % of students had mastered or were near to mastering. ConclusionsThe present study of a large, nationally representative sample of primary school students in Poland indicates that the vast majority (approximately 94 %) of them demonstrated insufficient fundamental motor skill proficiency. This may greatly hinder effective, safe, and healthy participation in lifelong physical activity.

Channeling Your Inner Sasquatch: Bringing Outdoor Adventure Learning to Elementary Physical Education

Outdoor adventure learning not only meets National Physical Education Standards but also has received accolades for its ability to cognitively engage students of all ages. The inclusion of outdoor pursuits and recreational activities has been shown to benefit students physically, socially and emotionally. Yet, few resources exist for physical educators who are interested in including outdoor adventure learning into their curricula. Currently, the resources that are available are tailored to secondary (high school and middle school) settings. Therefore, this article provides elementary-appropriate activity ideas to help physical education teachers capture the benefits of adventure lessons while eliminating barriers such as time, space and money.

Traditional Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander games and sports in Australia: new perspectives

Our paper highlights that the proliferation of Indigenous sport research has not been focused on examining Indigenous games and sports. Additionally, no one has to date produced a framework for understanding them on their own merits even though these games now form part of a national physical education curriculum. The overwhelming majority of research focuses on Indigenous engagement with the British imports of cricket, the rugby codes, soccer, and Australian Rules football. We argue that this focus serves to diminish Indigenous cultures and adaptability to colonial forces, that, while disruptive, never eliminated Indigenous games and sports which go back as far as 60,000 years. We lay out such a framework in the hopes that future research will ensure that Indigenous games and sports are understood historically and in the present day.

A Study on the Sports Injuries in Wushu Teaching at Beichen Children's Art School in Hohhot

Wushu, also known as Chinese martial arts, is a traditional sport and cultural treasure of China that has a history of thousands of years. In China, Wushu is widely practiced and has been integrated into the national physical education curriculum, with Wushu being taught in schools and training centers across the country. This study adopts research methods such as survey, literature review, and statistics to investigate and analyze the injuries that occur in Wushu teaching at Beichen Children's Art School in Hohhot,China, with the aim of exploring the causes and preventive measures of these injuries and reducing their occurrence in Wushu teaching. The integrated approach of combining internal and external training, as well as the unity of form and spirit, is a major feature of Wushu practice. "Internal" refers to the mental and breath-related activities of the heart, mind, intention, and qi. "External" refers to the external physical activities of the hands, eyes, body, and steps. Many martial arts styles and schools emphasize the integrated approach of internal and external training and the unity of form and spirit. Wushu practice not only has a high exercise value but also has rich content and diverse forms. Different boxing and equipment have different action results, technical requirements, styles, and exercise volumes. It can be carried out without limitation by age, gender, time, season, venue, or equipment. People can choose appropriate projects for exercise according to their needs and conditions, which provides convenient conditions for carrying out mass sports activities. Therefore, Wushu practice has a wide range of adaptability.

Analysis on Elective Courses in Ontario and New South Wales State

PURPOSE This study aims to analyze elective courses in overseas physical education curricula and explore directions to improve the national physical education curriculum.METHODS Physical education curricula from the Ontario Ministry of Education and New South Wales Department of Education, and an administrative announcement book of the 2022 Revised Physical Education Curriculum were collected and analyzed.RESULTS The Ontario physical education curriculum offers a range of elective subjects that fit students’ need to enter universities and colleges. It also has a systematic curriculum flowchart within elective courses. The NSW physical education places importance on learning life skills and offers content-endorsed courses that comprises core studies and optional modules.CONCLUSIONS This study clarified the differences between the learning content of elective subjects and suggested the necessity of developing plans to provide students with effective course path.

Construction of traditional national physical education teaching model in medical colleges from the perspective of cultural inheritance

In the context of college education, education in physical in medical schools should focus on cultivating and strengthening students' physical fitness, mobilizing students to actively participate in sports, and improving their comprehensive quality. Therefore, in the process of implementing education in physical, medical schools should fully recognize the importance of education in physical for students, and on this basis, enable students to obtain more sports knowledge and exercise opportunities. However, at present, modern education in physical is generally adopted in China's colleges and universities, and in this process, there is a lack of curriculum teaching combined with traditional national sports. However, for college students, these traditional sports activities are valuable assets for the development of education in physical, and education in physical in the new era should attach importance to and carry forward history and integrate it into education in physical in the new era. At present, the content and elements of traditional national sports courses covered in China's college education in physical courses are relatively small, therefore, from the perspective of cultural inheritance, medical schools should integrate traditional national sports into education in physical, build a relatively complete teaching system, and at the same time, have a certain understanding and mastery of certain traditional national sports in order to design a scientific and reasonable teaching program. In this regard, based on the perspective of cultural inheritance, this paper first analyses the current situation of traditional national education in physical in medical schools, and then focuses on exploring the construction strategy of traditional national education in physical teaching model in medical schools, in order to provide reference for relevant personnel.

Exploration on the Blended Learning Mode Of Physical Education Teaching In Colleges and Universities Under the Background of Internet +

Exploration on the blended learning mode of physical education teaching in colleges and universities under the background of Internet + is studied in this manuscript. We should organize various activities for students to observe classes or focus on teaching and training, so that physical education teachers can raise their awareness, popularize traditional national physical education teaching methods, and truly inherit and spread the cultural treasures of our country. For example, Skinner's procedural approach to the teaching, Skinner found through experiments. Animal behavior can be formed using the method of gradual reinforcement of operant conditioning reflexes. This paper gives the novel ideas regarding the blended learning mode of physical education teaching in colleges and universities under the background of Internet +.

The Evaluation of Physical Literacy of Preservice Physical Educators

The term “physical literacy” has been integrated into national physical education standards. This study was designed to better understand how preservice physical educators put physical literacy into practice and prepare to be role models within the school context. Sixty preservice physical educators (46 males, 14 females, aged 19 to 25) participated and performed multiple tests in accordance with the second edition of the Canadian Assessment of Physical Literacy testing battery, as well a questionnaire about their perceived physical competence. Participants had significantly poorer performance than the standard for a 12-year-old child in cardiorespiratory endurance, motor performance, and overall physical activity level. In addition, waist circumference was significantly negatively related to physical competence and physical activity level. A significant positive relationship was found between perceived physical competence and physical activity level among participants. Waist circumference size and low cardiorespiratory endurance were the areas of greatest difficulty and concern for preservice teachers. Also, there was not a significant relationship between actual competence and perceived competence. Our findings suggest a need for a review of the current teacher education curriculum to draw attention to the benefits of physical fitness and motor skills competence for physical education teachers as possible role models.

Feasibility on the Integrated Teaching Method of Machine Learning Algorithm inside and outside Physical Education Class

School education, especially physical education, directly undertakes the tasks of “student physical fitness” and “student health promotion.” In the context of the policy to further strengthen quality training and promote education in all aspects, it is explicitly pointed out that “a sound physical fitness is a primary demand for serving the motherland and the country as a result of youth, and it reflects the vitality of the Chinese nation.” Therefore, the implementation of the National Physical Education Curriculum Guidelines and curriculum criteria for sports for Chinese College Students is the primary task of physical education. This study proposes machine learning-based teaching methods as an integrated teaching method inside and outside physical education. After conducting research and experiments on it, the experimental data show that after machine learning improves the integrated teaching of sports inside and outside, 50.51% of students are satisfied with the teaching, 40.4% are relatively satisfied, 6.06% feel average, and only 6.06% are dissatisfied. Compared with the previous part, the satisfaction rate has increased by 16.51%, the more satisfaction rate has increased by 4.4%, and the dissatisfaction rate has decreased by 16.97%. The practice has proved that the implementation of comprehensive teaching based on machine learning in physical education, integration of a student-led approach with a teacher-led role, promotes students’ interest in sports and improves students’ health concepts, which is in line with the current development trend of physical education.

Computer Wushu Sanda Teaching Mode of “Teaching by Competition and Training”

According to the teaching innovation goal of “cultivating comprehensive talents” in international education, various topics that need to be answered in the development of Wushu teaching are selected. Using the methods of literature review and theoretical logic analysis, this paper clearly puts forward the latest idea of establishing the core quality framework system of Chinese traditional national physical education curriculum. The main research results point out: First, the core quality system of Chinese traditional national sports curriculum is mainly composed of three levels of martial ethics quality, martial arts quality, and health quality, including six basic elements. Secondly, the cultivation of martial arts morality attaches great importance to stimulating students' interest in martial arts, and advocates that students internalize martial arts morality in martial arts practice and comprehensive teaching of historical and humanistic education. The training strategy of martial arts quality is to cultivate students' panoramic and in-depth martial arts sports ability; the training strategy of quality is not only to pay attention to the design and dissemination of “characteristic” localized health professional knowledge. In addition, it is necessary to realize the comprehensive shaping of health care behavior of school teachers in the process of integrating skills and life. Therefore, in view of the teaching concept and teaching quality, this paper proposes a Wushu Sanda teaching mode based on computer data analysis, which can guide students from different aspects and greatly promote the development of Wushu Sanda education.

HIIT PE: A Theme-Based Framework for Multiple Learning Environments

This article describes learning activities of the HIIT PE addressing SHAPE America National Physical Education Standard #3, how student interest is obtained, and the variety of learning environments in which they can be implemented. The article also offers examples of learning activities, cognitive assessments, and a scope and sequence for teaching HIIT PE. These examples can easily be adapted for implementation across the K-12 levels.

Punch, Kick and Block! Teaching Taekwondo Aligned With Standards-Based Physical Education

This article introduces the fundamental concepts and introductory techniques of Taekwondo education, including learning activities, and proposes games using the introductory techniques in accordance with both national physical education standards and the five tenets of Taekwondo.

체육 계열 전문교과 운영 양상 탐색

The purpose of this study was to explore aspects of how specialized subjects in physical education (SSPE) that is presented in the 2015 revised national physical education curriculum is taught in high schools. A high school and two physical education high schools participated in this project. A focus group interview with three teachers and document analysis were undertaken. Data collected were analyzed through categorial themes analysis. The results of the study were as follows. First, the SSPE was opened for performance enhance of athlete-student and sport-related career education. Second, collaborative teaching (a teacher and a coach), SSPE for athletic club’ drill, difference between the development propose of SSPS and aspects of taught in schools emerged. Third, lack of text books and educational resources, higher level of difficulty, and content that is focused too much on the improvement of performance were barriers to delivering effective SSPE education. A need of expanding the meaning of SSPE and directions for reconstructing subjects in SSPE were discussed.

Community Building: A Golf and Fitness University–School Partnership

The purpose of this article is to highlight how a community partnership between a Northeastern U.S. university and a racially/socioeconomically diverse local elementary school (58.3% students on free/reduced lunch) impacted learners in both physical education programs. Based on the Comprehensive School Physical Activity Program model, community partnership can help support students to be physically active. This community partnership focused on achieving the National Physical Education Standards.

Design and Research of Physical Education Platform Based on Artificial Intelligence

With the continuous development of information technology, conventional physical education teaching methods are no longer applicable. In order to ensure the objectivity of college physical education evaluation, this paper designs a set of college physical education management information system based on artificial intelligence technology. The weighting algorithm in the student performance evaluation module and teacher performance evaluation module in the system adopts the intelligent algorithm based on FNN neural network. Experimental verification shows that the intelligent algorithm based on the FNN neural network can effectively predict the students’ score in the national college physical education examination, which can provide a more objective basis for teacher performance evaluation.